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Final Project
Jul 18, 2017
Dane David
1. Introduction
Card Value
Ace 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
Jack 10
Queen 10
King 10
The table below shows the absolute frequency and relative frequency of the appearance of
each value in a standard pack of cards:
1 4 0.07692
2 4 0.07692
3 4 0.07692
4 4 0.07692
5 4 0.07692
6 4 0.07692
7 4 0.07692
8 4 0.07692
9 4 0.07692
10 16 0.30769
Total 52 1.0
The following chart shows a histogram which depicts the above data:
Chart 1.1: Histogram for a standard pack of cards.
2. Experiment
2.1 Collecting Samples
For the purpose of the experiment, samples are collected in the following manner:
1. The pack of cards is shuffled and three cards are drawn without replacement.
2. The three cards are recorded, and placed back on the deck.
3. The steps 1 and 2 are repeated 30 times to obtain the sample.
Measure Value
Mean 19.86667
Median 20
Mode 25
Measure Value
Range 22
Variance 39.31556
It can be seen that the histogram shape is approaching that of a normal distribution. This is
because of the relatively small sample size (n=30). It can be seen that the shape of the
histogram becomes more normal as the sample size is increased.
In comparing with the original distribution, we find that it was uniform except for the last value,
while this histogram represents a more normal distribution.
By the Central Limit Theorem, the following values of the sampling distribution are found:
3. Future Estimates
Now that we have a normal distribution, we can make estimates and predictions of outputs of
future experiments. Some of the future estimates may be:
What is the approximate probability that you will get a draw value of at least
20 ?
To answer this question, we need to find the area under the normal distribution curve above
value 20.
The various steps involved in the calculation are:
Calculate z-score of 20:
The z-score can be calculated using the formula:
z=x -
We get z = +0.02
Look up the z-table to find the area under the normal distribution curve less than z-score:
The z-table is given in Appendix B.
From the table, the area under the curve for z < +0.02,
P(z < +0.02) = 0.508
Subtract the probability from one to obtain the required probability:
The required probability is given by
P(z ≥ +0.02) = 1 - 0.508 = 0.492
Within what range will you expect approximately 90% of your draw values
to fall ?
To answer this question, we need to find the z-scores of two points:
The point below which 95% of the values lie.
The point below which 5% of the values lie.
The x-values corresponding to these z-scores gives the range between which 90% of the values
lie.
The steps are:
Find the required z-scores:
The z-score below which 5% of data lie = -1.64
The z-score below which 95% of data lie = +1.65
Compute corresponding x-values using the equation
x = (z) +
The x-value corresponding to -1.64 is 9.58
The x-value corresponding to +1.65 is 30.21
Thus, approximately, we can expect 90% of our future values to lie between 9.58 and 30.21.
Appendix A
Sample
Sl No. Card 1 Value Card 2 Value Card 3 Value Sample Sum Sample Mean
1 3♣ 3 8♣ 8 5♦ 5 16 5.33
2 2♠ 2 5♦ 5 6♠ 6 13 4.33
3 6♥ 6 7♦ 7 7♣ 7 20 6.66
4 9♣ 9 10♣ 10 4♣ 4 23 7.66
5 K♥ 10 K♣ 10 7♥ 7 27 9
6 3♥ 3 3♦ 3 2♥ 2 8 2.66
7 5♠ 5 10♠ 10 Q♠ 10 25 8.33
8 6♥ 6 J♠ 10 J♥ 10 26 8.66
9 10♦ 10 A♣ 1 A♠ 1 12 4
10 4♠ 4 2♥ 2 6♠ 6 12 4
11 5♣ 5 7♦ 7 7♣ 7 19 6.33
12 5♠ 5 10♠ 10 Q♠ 10 25 8.33
13 10♥ 10 J♣ 10 Q♥ 10 30 10
14 10♥ 10 J♣ 10 Q♥ 10 30 10
15 J♣ 10 Q♥ 10 Q♦ 10 30 10
16 9♥ 9 4♥ 4 8♥ 8 21 7
17 2♥ 2 K♦ 10 4♣ 4 16 5.33
18 3♣ 3 J♣ 10 7♥ 7 20 6.66
19 3♣ 3 6♦ 6 2♦ 2 11 3.66
20 2♥ 2 10♦ 10 A♣ 1 13 4.33
21 5♠ 5 10♠ 10 Q♠ 10 25 8.33
22 9♣ 9 7♣ 7 9♦ 9 25 8.33
23 8♠ 8 9♦ 9 7♥ 7 24 8
24 A♠ 1 10♠ 10 8♣ 8 19 6.33
25 6♦ 6 2♦ 2 10♥ 10 18 6
26 A♥ 1 4♥ 4 8♥ 8 13 4.33
27 4♦ 4 A♦ 1 6♠ 6 11 3.66
28 9♦ 9 7♥ 7 9♣ 9 25 8.33
29 7♥ 7 6♣ 6 3♣ 3 16 5.33
30 8♣ 8 10♠ 10 5♦ 5 23 7.66
Appendix B
Normal Distribution table
Descriptive Statistics Final Project - Student Instructions
Overview
Welcome to the Descriptive Statistics Final Project! In this project, you will demonstrate what
you have learned in this course by conducting an experiment dealing with drawing from a deck
of playing cards and creating a writeup containing your findings.
Be sure to check through the project rubric to self-assess and share with others who will give
you feedback.
Overview:
This rubric is here to help you understand the specifications for how your project will be evaluated. It is
the same rubric you should share with others who give you feedback. You should look at the rubricbefore
you begin working on this project and before you submit it.
The Rubric:
Responses to Project
Questions
Question 1: Plotting a The histogram does not accurately A histogram is provided that
histogram of card values reflect the card values’ relative accurately reflects the card values’
frequency distribution or no relative frequency distribution.
histogram is provided.
Question 2: Obtain Sampled data is not provided, At least thirty samples have been
samples from a deck of insufficient, or does not reflect the performed and the summed values
cards experiment being performed for the from each sample have been
project. reported in a submitted spreadsheet.
Question 3: Report Two measures of central tendency At least two measures of central
descriptive statistics and variability are not reported to tendency and two measures of
regarding sample taken describe the sample or are not variability are accurately reported
computed correctly. to summarize and describe the
samples taken for Question 2.
Question 4: Plotting a The histogram does not accurately A histogram accurately reflecting
histogram of sampled reflect sampled values or no the sampled data is provided.
values histogram is provided. No Discussion of the shape is provided,
discussion of the shape of the including a comparison to that of
distribution is provided or the histogram of the original card
comparison is not well-justified. values.
Question 5: Making Estimates made for the prompted Estimates are made for the
estimates based on the questions do not reflect the values prompted questions that reflect the
sampled distribution obtained from the sample. samples taken and their
distribution.
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