UNDEFINED TERMS

POINT

LINE

PLANE

SUBSETS OF A LINE
LINE

LINE SEGMENT
RAY

KINDS OF ANGLES
ACUTE

OBTUSE

RIGHT
 UNDEFINED TERMS
POINT
-an exact position or location on a plane surface
-no size, only position
-usually named by using an upper-case single letter
LINE
-long thin mark made by a pen, pencil, etc.
-a geometrical object that is straight, infinitely long and infinitely thin
-one-dimensional
-zero width
-is straight (no curves),
-has no thickness, and
-extends in both directions without end (infinitely).
PLANE
-A flat surface that is infinitely large and with zero thickness
-has two dimensions: length and width
-usually named with a single upper case (capital) letter in a cursive script
-goes on forever
SUBSETS OF A LINE
LINE
-in geometry, an area where two planes come together
-it extends from either sides to infinity
-if two distinct points are given, then a unique line contains them
-two distinct points determines only one line and that there is only one line that contains them
LINE SEGMENT
- part of a line that connects two points
- has definite end points
RAY
- a line with a start point but no end point (it goes to infinity)
- a portion of a line which starts at a point and goes off in a particular direction to infinity
- if it has just one end it is called a "Ray"
- the point where the ray starts is called (confusingly) the endpoint
- one-dimensional
-zero width
- has no measurable length
- commonly named in two ways: by two points or by a single letter

KINDS OF ANGLES
ACUTE
- less than 90°
- the small angle which is less than 90°
OBTUSE
- more than 90° but less than 180°
- the smaller angle which is more than 90° and less than 180°
RIGHT
- an internal angle which is equal to 90°
PROBLEMS ABOUT:

NUMBER
1. There are three consecutive numbers. The sum of the first two is 20 more than the third. What are the
numbers?
2. In a three digit number, the tens digit is half the hundreds digit. The ones digit is 1 less than the tens digit. If
the sum of the digits is 15, what is the number?
3. The sum of two numbers is 61. Three times the smaller is 13 less than the larger.
4. One number is smaller than the other by 12. Their sum is 102. What is the smaller number?
5. Divide 71 into two parts such that one part exceeds the other by 8. What are the two numbers?
AGE
1. Five years ago, John’s age was half of the age he will be in 8 years. How old is he now?
2. John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5 years, John will be three times
as old as Alice. How old is Peter now?
3. John’s father is 5 times older than John and John is twice as old as his sister Alice. In two years time, the
sum of their ages will be 58. How old is John now?
4. Mike is 18 years old. The sum of the ages of Mike and Peter is 39. How old is Peter?
5. 8 years from now Mary will be 19 years old. The current sum of the ages of Mary and Jose is 41. How old is
Jose right now?
GEOMETRY
1. The parallelogram shown in the figure below has a perimeter of 44 cm and an area of 64 cm 2. Find angle T in
degrees.

2. Find the area of the quadrilateral shown in the figure.

3. A triangle has a perimeter of 50. If 2 of its sides are equal and the third side is 5 more than the equal sides,
what is the length of the third side?
4. A rectangle is 4 times as long as it is wide. If the length is increased by 4 inches and the width is decreased
by 1 inch, the area will be 60 square inches. What were the dimensions of the original rectangle?
5. In a quadrilateral two angles are equal. The third angle is equal to the sum of the two equal angles. The
fourth angle is 60° less than twice the sum of the other three angles. Find the measures of the angles in the
quadrilateral.
ANSWER KEY:

NUMBER
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Let
be

AGE
1. Let x be John’s age now. Look at the question and put the relevant expressions above it.

Write out the equation.

Isolate variable x
Answer: John is now 18 years old.
2. Set up a table.

Fill in the table with information given in the question.

John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5 years, John will be three times as
old as Alice. How old is Peter now?
Let x be Peter’s age now. Add 5 to get the ages in 5 yrs.

Write the new relationship in an equation using the ages in 5 yrs.

In 5 years, John will be three times as old as Alice.

Isolate variable x

Answer: Peter is now 5 years old.

3.

Let x be John’s age now. Add 2 to get the ages in 2 yrs.

Write the new relationship in an equation using the ages in 2 yrs.

In two years time, the sum of their ages will be 58.

Answer: John is now 8 years old.

4.
Mike = 18 Mike is 18 years old.

Mike + Peter = 39 The sum of the ages of Mike and Peter is 39.
18 + Peter = 39 Substitute
 Peter = 39 - 18
Peter = 21

Peter is 21 years old.

5.
Mary + 8 = 19 After 8 years, Mary will be 19 years old.
Mary = 19 - 8
Mary = 11 Right now, Mary is 11 years old.

Mary + Jose = 41 The current sum of the ages of Mary and Jose is 41.
11 + Jose = 41 Substitute
Jose = 41 - 11
Jose = 30

Jose is 30 years old right now.

GEOMETRY
1.

44 = 2(3x + 2) + 2(5x + 4) , solve for x

x=2
height = area / base
= 64 / 14 = 32/7 cm
sin(T) = (32/7) / 8 = 32/56 = 4/7, T = arcsin(4/7) = 34.8o

2.

ABD is a right triangle; hence BD 2 = 152 + 152 = 450

Also BC2 + CD2 = 212 + 32 = 450
The above means that triangle BCD is also a right triangle and the total area of the quadrilateral is the
sum of the areas of the two right triangles.
Area of quadrilateral = (1/2)*15*15 + (1/2)*21*3 = 144
3. Assign variables:

Write out the formula for perimeter of triangle.

Plug in the values from the question and from the sketch.
Answer: The length of third side is 20
4.

Write out the formula for area of rectangle.

Plug in the values from the question and from the sketch.

Answer: The dimensions of the original rectangle are 4 and 16.

5.

Write down the sum of angles in quadrilateral.

Answer: The values of the angles are 35°, 35°, 70° and 220°.