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Department of Civil & Geological Engineering
Default orientation of the Global system of coordinates X, Y, Z is +Z upward and Gravity acting in -Z
1
2. Frame element internal forces and moments:
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3. Predefined Sections:
3
4. Shell Element Convention:
Four and Three nodes shell element connectivity and face definition
Extracted from SapBasic.pdf - page 38
4
5. Forces and Stress Convention for Shell Element: