Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Basic Plasticity Theory

Lecture#2

Prepared by Dedi Apriadi, Ph.D.

Institut Teknologi Bandung

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Basic Plasticity Theory

1. Yield Criterion
F ( ,  ,Wp )  0  material is in elastic range
F ( ,  ,Wp )  0  yielding occurs
=> Work hardening rule parameters

2. Flow Rule is defining the direction of plastic strain

increment Q( ,  ,W )  0  a plastic potential
p

 Q  F  associated
(fine soil materials and ductile metals)
 Q  F  nonassociated (granular soil materials)
  ,Wp are hardening rule parameters

    Q  

p

   plastic multiplier increment

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Basic Plasticity Theory

3. Hardening Rule

Define a plastic behavior or how the yield

criterion is changed by the history of plastic
flow
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Uni-axial Hardening Behaviour (1D)

Loading/Unloading behavior

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik
Uni-axial Hardening Behaviour (1D)
Expanded yield

Loading/Unloading behavior
Expanded yield

Expanded yield

Expanded yield
Initial yield

Initial yield
Expanded yield

Expanded yield

Expanded yield

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

Expanded yield
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Uni-axial Hardening Behaviour (1D)

Loading/Unloading behavior
Moved yield

Moved yield
Initial yield
Moved yield
Moved yield

Moved yield

Moved yield
Initial yield
Moved yield
Moved yield

This is more common behavior in material plasticity, for example in soils. When
the material has already been yielded, it yields earlier in the opposite
direction.This effect is referred to as the Bauschinger effect.
Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Uni-axial Hardening Behaviour (1D)

Loading/Unloading behavior




Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Loading/Unloading
behavior

• The idealized curve is shown in dashed

lines (the sequence 0-1R-2R). Thus,
the compressive plastic flow after 0-1-2
tensile sequence should occur at
magnitude equal to σ3 = σ2.

• If the material exhibits the Bauschinger

effect, this stress is decreased from σ3
to σ4.Hence, the material “softens”
upon the inversion of the loading
 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Multi-axial Hardening Behaviour (2D)

Isotropic Hardening 2

load path

f peak
y0 y1 y2
1

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Multi-axial Hardening Behaviour (2D)

Kinematic Hardening
2

load path
peak
f
y2
y1

y0
1

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

• Isotropic hardening is commonly used in

mathematical models for finite element analysis to
describe plasticity. though it is not absolutely correct
for real materials. Isotropic hardening is not useful in
situations where components are subjected to cyclic
loading. Real materials exhibit some isotropic
hardening AND some kinematic hardening. Isotropic
hardening does not account for Bauschinger effect
and predicts that after a few cycles, the material
(solid) just hardens until it responds elastically .

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009

 Dedi Apriadi – SI 6224 Topik Khusus Geoteknik

• For many materials, the kinematic hardening model

gives a better representation of loading/unloading
behavior than the isotropic hardening model. For
cyclic loading, however, the kinematic hardening
model cannot represent either cyclic hardening or
cyclic softening.

Alireza Sadeghirad, 2009