Eni

Eni S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛːni]) is an Italian multinational oil and gas
Eni S.p.A.
company headquartered in Rome. Considered one of the global supermajors, it has
operations in 79 countries, and is currently world's 11th largest industrial company
with a market capitalization of 68 billion euros (US$ 90 billion), as of August 14,
2013.[3] The Italian government owns a 30.303% golden share in the company,
3.934% held through the state Treasury and 26.369% held through the Cassa
Depositi e Prestiti. Another 2.012% of the shares are held by the People's Bank of
China.[4] The company is a component of theEuro Stoxx 50 stock market index.[5]

The name "ENI" was initially the acronym of "Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi"
(National Hydrocarbons Authority). Through the years after its foundation however,
it operated in a large number of fields including contracting, nuclear power, energy, Type Listed società per
mining, chemicals and plastics, refining/extraction and distribution machinery, azioni
hospitality industry and even textile industry and news. Traded as BIT: ENI
NYSE: E
Eni constantly ranks among the top 100 on Fortune Global 500 list for largest FTSE MIB
companies by revenue. In 2016, the company holds the 65th place, a fall of 40 places Component
from the previous year's 25th rank.[6]
ISIN IT0003132476
In terms of share capitalisation (the market value of shares), Eni is ranked eighth in Industry Oil and gas
comparison with the principal companies operating in the same sector: Exxon, Shell, Founded February 10, 1953
Chevron, Total, BP, ConocoPhillips, Statoil, Anadarko, Apache and Marathon Oil.[7]
Headquarters Rome, Italy
In July 2017, the oil giant accepted responsibility for an oil spill affecting the Fylde Area served Worldwide
coast of Blackpool in the United Kingdom.[8] Key people Claudio Descalzi
(CEO)
Emma Marcegaglia
(IT)(Chairman)
Contents Products Petroleum
Natural gas
History
Petroleum products
1950s–1960s
Energy
1970s–1980s
1990s–2000s Revenue €70.980 billion
2000s–2010s (2017)[1]
2010 to present Operating €5.795 billion
income (2017)
Operations
Exploration and production Net income €3.430 billion
Gas and Power (2017)[2]
Natural gas
Total assets €80.416 billion
Power generation
(2017)
Refining and Marketing
Engineering and Construction Total equity €48.145 billion
(2017)
Subsidiaries
Number of 80,911 (2015)
Legal Problems employees
Sustainability Subsidiaries Eni Gas & Power,
Corporate Structure Saipem, Syndial,
 Board of Directors Tecnomare,
See also Versalis

References Website www.eni.com

Bibliography
External links

History

1950s–1960s
Eni was founded and established by law in 1953[10][11] from an existing company,
Agip, which was created in 1926 with the aim to explore for oilfields, acquire and
commercialize oil and derivatives. In March 1953, Enrico Mattei was nominated
Eni's Chairman.[12][13]

Eni originally was an acronym for the company's full title Ente Nazionale
Idrocarburi.[14] After 1995, the meaning ceased to be relevant but the name was
maintained.[15]

In 1952 Eni chose its own logo, the six-legged dog, an imaginary animal
.[16][17]
symbolizing the sum of a car's four wheels and the two legs of its driver

Starting in 1954, Eni acquired extensive exploration rights in North Africa,[14] Palazzo ENI, Rome, built 1959-
signing an agreement with the Egyptian government led by Nasser[18] while 1962.[9] Photo by Paolo Monti, 1967.
providing an active and equal role for the crude producing countries through the
establishment of joint ventures.[19]

In 1957 Eni pushed for a similar agreement, known as the "Mattei formula",[20][21] to be signed with Persian Shah Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi and the National Iranian Company.[22][23][24]

In 1960, during the Cold War period, Eni signed an agreement with the Soviet Union for the importation of Russian crude at very
reasonable prices.[25][26]

On 27 October 1962, Enrico Mattei's airiplane misteriously exploded near Bascapè,[27] on his way to Milan from Catania.[28] His
death was initially considered an accident, but later it was confirmed to be a murder with the aim to protect and hide important
economical and political interests in Italy and especially abroad, as it is clearly stated in the records of the trial on the assassination of
[29]
the journalist Mauro De Mauro, who was investigating on the death of Enrico Mattei.

During the following years, Eni signed joint venture contracts with foreign companies to supply crude from Egypt to Iran and from
Libya to Tunisia.[30]

In 1963, Eni acquired a majority stake in Italgas.[31]

1970s–1980s
In October 1973 after the Yom Kippur War and the OPEC embargo[32][33] against the United States and the Netherlands by OPEC
[34] causing Eni to consolidate its position in the international market by
members and Arab countries, a serious his oil crisis occurred,
signing an agreement withSonatrach,[35] the Algerian state oil entity for natural gas supply
.[36]

In 1974 Eni signed an agreement with the Libyan government, followed by additional agreements with Egypt, Nigeria and
Tunisia.[37][38][39][40]
During the mid-1970s, Eni planned a major infrastructure for transporting natural gas over long distances, by building a pipeline
network of thousands of miles throughoutEurope and the Mediterranean.[41][42][43]

After the inauguration of the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline connecting Algeria to Sicily through Tunisia,[44] Eni signs a new
agreement with Libya for the exploitation of Boùri,[45] the biggest oilfield in the centre of the Mediterranean,[46] and develops its
international role within the oil industry.[47]

1990s–2000s
In 1992 Eni became a joint stock company by Law Decree,[48][49][50][51][52] and was listed to the Italian and New York Stock
Exchange in 1995.[53][54][55]

From 1995 to 1998 Eni put four share offers fully successfully, as 70% of its capital assets were sold to private
shareholders.[56][57][58]

As the price of oil collapsed in 1998 as other major companies Eni got to turn into a race through merges, international acquisitions,
-companies.[59][60][61]
new explorations and the foundation of real super

2000s–2010s
Since 2000, Eni has been developing theKashagan[62] oilfield a major offshore discovery, along the Caspian Sea.[63][64]

In 2005 the Blue Stream pipeline projected to supply gas from southern Russia to Turkey was inaugurated as a joint venture between
Eni and Gazprom.[65][66][67]

In 2007 Eni signed an agreement to conduct South Stream a feasibility study with Gazprom to import Russian gas into Europe across
the Black Sea.[68][69][70]

Activist asset managerKnight Vinke, who owns 1% of the outstanding shares of the company, begun pressuring Eni's management to
operate a spin-off of Eni's gas activities. In its opinion this would solve the undervaluation of the company and release up to 50
billion euros ($70bn) of hidden value.[71]

[72][73][74]
In 2010 Eni achieves key production milestone in Iraqi Zubair oil field.

After getting a licence in 2006 for the exploration of an offshore area in the north of Mozambique, known as Area 4,[75][76][77] Eni
announced several major natural gas discoveries between 2011 and 2012 such as Mamba South,[78][79][80][81][82][83] Mamba
North,[84][85] Mamba North East,[86][87][88][89] Coral 1.[90][91][92][93]

2010 to present
fshore block.[94]
In February 2014, ENI discovered oil at its DRC of

Since 2012 Eni has been selling off refining and marketing assets it owned in eastern Europe in order to increase profitability. By
2013 Eni already reduced its refining capacity by 13 percent. In May 2014 Eni agreed to sell their 32.5% share in Česká rafinerská
.[95]
a.s. (CRC), a refining company in Czech Republic, to MOL Group of Hungary

In June 2014 the company signed an agreement with Sasol to acquire a 40% interest in a permit to explore 82,000-km2 offshore of
South Africa's east coast.[96]

In January 2015, Eni in collaboration with Vitol Energy signed a $7 billion contract with the government of Ghana. This agreement
was reached in order to produce oil and gas at Cape Three Points in the Western Region of Ghana, in an attempt to enable Ghana
meet its power and energy needs.

f the coast of Egypt.[97]

In August 2015 Eni announced the discovery of a huge gasfield of
In March 2018, Eni reached an agreement with MIT to fund fusion research projects run out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion
Center (PSFC)’s newly created Laboratory for Innovation in Fusion Technologies (LIFT). The expected investment in these research
[98]
projects will amount to about $2 million over the following years.

Operations

Exploration and production

As exploration and reserve replacement being major drivers for the
company,[99] Eni boosts for production additions in its core oil field areas
(North and Sub-Saharan Africa,[100][101][102][103] Venezuela,[104][105]
Barents Sea,[106][107] Yamal Peninsula,[108][109] Kazakhstan,[110][111]
Iraq[112] and the Far East).[113][114] Eni has about 130 exploration and
production subsidiaries,[115] such as Eni Norge.[116]

In 2012 Eni reported liquids and gas production for the full year of 1,701
Eni Oil Bouri DP4 in Bouri Field is the
kboe/d, this being calculated assuming a natural gas conversion factor to barrel biggest platform in theMediterranean Sea
equivalent, updated to 5,492 cubic feet of gas equal 1 barrel of oil from July 1,
2012.[99][117]

During 2012 60 new exploratory wells were drilled, as 56 were drilled in 2011 and 47 in 2010. The overall commercial success rate
was 40% (40.8% net to Eni) as compared to 42% in 2011 (38.6% net to Eni) and 41% in 2010 (39% net to Eni). In 2012 351
1 and 399 in 2010.[118][119][120]
development wells were drilled as well, as 407 in 201

Gas and Power

Natural gas
1.[121][122][123]
In 2012, sales of natural gas were 95.32 bcm, down 1.44 bcm compared to 201

Eni's power generation sites are located in Ferrera Erbognone, Ravenna, Livorno, Taranto, Mantova, Brindisi, Ferrara and
Bolgiano.[124][125] In 2012, Eni's power generation was 25.67 TWh.[126][127]
Overall Eni supplies 2,600 customers including lar
ge companies, power generation companies, wholesalers and distributors of natural
gas for automotive use. Residential users are 7.45 million and include households, professionals, small and medium size enterprises,
and public bodies located all over Italy and 2.09 million customers in European Countries. International sales include Iberian
Peninsula, Germany, Austria, Benelux, Hungary, UK/Northern Europe, Turkey, France markets.[128][129][130][131][132]

Power generation
Eni's electricity generation sites in Italy, as of January 2010, are the following:[133]

Natural gas power plants

Brindisi – 1321 MW
Ferrara – 61 MW
Ferrera Erbognone – 1030 MW
Livorno – 199 MW
Mantua – 836 MW
Ravenna – 972 MW
Taranto – 300 MW

Photovoltaic power plants

 Nettuno – 30 MW

Refining and Marketing

Italy.[134][135]
Eni is the leader operator in refining and marketing of petroleum products in
Eni is engaged in retail and wholesales activities in Central-Eastern European countries also (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Czech
Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Hungary).[136][137][138][139]
Retail sales operations are conducted under the Eni and Agip brands. The re-branding of Eni's service stations in Italy and in the rest
of Europe to Eni brand is underway.[134][140][141]

Engineering and Construction

Eni operates in engineering, construction and drilling both offshore and onshore for the oil&gas industry through the subsidiary
Saipem.[142]

In April 2012, Eni in collaboration with ZEiTECS announced the world's first offshore rigless/wireline retrievable ESP system for
Eni Congo.[143]

Subsidiaries
Eni's principal subsidiaries include:

Eni Gas & Power[144] (100% owned) – a natural gas and power company based in Belgium formed by merger of
Distrigas and Nuon Belgium
Versalis (100% owned) – Versalis is a chemical company that manages the production and marketing of
petrochemical products such asolefines, aromatics and intermediates (base chemicals),styrenes, elastomers and
polyethylene, plus in recent years a focus on green chemistry , being also able to count on a range of proprietary
technologies, advanced plant facilities and a broad-based distribution network.
Saipem (30,54% owned) – Saipem is an oil and gas industry contractor . Saipem has contracted for engineering,
oilfield services and construction both offshore and onshore through several pipelines, includingBlue Stream,
Greenstream, Nord Stream and South Stream. It is a subsidiary listed on the Italian Stock Exchange.
Eni UK – carries out operations in the British section of the North Sea, in the Irish Sea and fofthe coast of the
Shetland Islands. Has been present in UK since 1964. In 2006 Eni UK's average net production of hydrocarbons
was more than 141,000 boe/d.[145]
Eni India – is expected to start drilling at a deepwater block 2, nearAndaman and Nicobar Islandsin Q2 of 2011 as it
has received 2-year extension for the completion of drilling program. The program was delayed due to various
environmental issues and scarcity of oil rigs. ENI India had won this block in 2005 and partners with ONGC and
GAIL India.[146]

Legal Problems
The Central Energy Italian Gas Holdingscandal in 2005 involved Eni andGazprom.[147]

In 2009, the European Commission filed formal antitrust charges against Eni. The commission believes that Eni has conspired to
keep competitors from using its gas pipelines.[148]

In 2009 again, according to the WikiLeaks cables, US ambassador Lanier told Washington that bribery allegations were made in
Uganda by Eni which at the time was in competition for oil assets in the country against Tullow Oil. The bribes were taken by the
newly appointed Ugandan prime minister, Amama Mbabazi.[149]

After corruption charges against the subsidiary Saipem, Eni's CFO Alessandro Bernini had to resign and the new CFO Massimo
Mondazzi took over in December 2012.[150]

Eni and Royal Dutch Shell will stand trial in Italy over allegations of corruption in the 2011 purchase of a big offshore oil field in
[151]
Nigeria known as OPL 245. Eni and Shell reportedly paid $1.3 billion in bribes.
Sustainability
Eni has been included into theDow Jones Sustainability World Index since 2007.[152][153][154][155]

In 2012 Eni is confirmed on theFTSE4Good Index for the sixth consecutive year.[156][157][158]

In 2012 Eni is also included in the Carbon Performance Leadership Index[159][160] and is the only FTSE MIB company to gain the
triple E for Standard Ethics.[161]

1.[162][163]
During 2012, Eni decreased CO2 emission that resulted from flaring by 10% as compared to 201

In 2013 Eni has been confirmed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and, in the half-yearly review in March 2014, also in the
FTSE4 good sustainability index.[164][165]

In 2013 Eni continued its commitment to integrated reporting, preparing the Annual Report 2013 in accordance with the principles
[166][167]
and contents of the integrated reporting (IR) framework issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC).

Among the UN Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN), in 2013 Eni led the Energy For All in Sub-Saharan Africa
initiative through international collaborations aimed at devising solutions to fight against energy poverty, in particular in Sub-Saharan
Africa.[168][169]

gy, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.[170]

In 2013 Eni's commitment continued in ensuring access of local communities to ener

In the first half of 2014 Eni achieved the start-up of the Porto oTrres green chemistry plant and theVenice biorefinery.[171][172]

Corporate Structure

Board of Directors
The Board of Directors is comprised as follows as of February 2017:
Emma Marcegaglia, former president of General Confederation of Italian Industry(Chairwoman of the Board)
Claudio Descalzi, current CEO of Eni
Andrea Gemma, law professor at Roma Tre University
Pietro Guindani, former CEO and CFO of Vodafone Italy
Karina Litvack, former Director of Ethics and Corporate Governance forF&C Asset Management
Alessandro Lorenzi, former Vice President of Planning and Control at Ferrero SpA, former CFO of Coin Group, former CCO for
Lavazza
Diva Moriani, current CEO of KME Vorstand
Fabrizio Pagani, current Secretary of Technology for Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy), former OECD senior advisor and
head of G8/G20 office
Alessandro Profumo, former CEO of Unicredit

See also
List of petroleum companies

References
1. https://www.eni.com/docs/en_IT/enicom/media/press-release/2018/02/eni-fourth-quarter-2017-results-ceo-claudio-
descalzi-comments-results.pdf
2. https://www.eni.com/docs/en_IT/enicom/media/press-release/2018/02/eni-fourth-quarter-2017-results-ceo-claudio-
descalzi-comments-results.pdf
 3. "Summary for Eni SpA"(https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=E). Retrieved 2013-08-14.
4. "Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201026/http://www .conso
b.it/main/documenti/assetti_proprietari/semestre1-2014/5297_Az.html?filedate=05%2F06%2F2014&sem=%2Fdocu
menti%2Fassetti_proprietari%2Fsemestre1-2014%2F5297_Az.html&docid=0&link=Pie-chart+Capitale+ordinario%25
3D%252Fdocumenti%252Fassetti%252Fsemestre1-2014%252F5297_T OrdDich.html%253B+Pie-chart+Capitale+vo
tante%253D%252Fdocumenti%252Fassetti%252Fsemestre1-2014%252F5297_TV otDich.html&nav=false).
consob.it. Archived from the original (http://www.consob.it/main/documenti/assetti_proprietari/semestre1-2014/5297_
Az.html?filedate=05/06/2014&sem=/documenti/assetti_proprietari/semestre1-2014/5297_Az.html&docid=0&link=Pie-
chart+Capitale+ordinario%253D%252Fdocumenti%252Fassetti%252Fsemestre1-2014%252F5297_T OrdDich.htm
l%253B+Pie-chart+Capitale+votante%253D%252Fdocumenti%252Fassetti%252Fsemestre1-2014%252F5297_TV o
tDich.html&nav=false) on 2014-07-14.
5. Frankfurt Stock Exchange(http://www.boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/euro+stoxx+50+EU0009658145/constit
uents) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151119171222/http://www .boerse-frankfurt.de/en/equities/indices/eur
o+stoxx+50+EU0009658145/constituents)November 19, 2015, at theWayback Machine.
6. "Fortune Global 500 Eni 65"(http://beta.fortune.com/global500/eni-65).
7. "Market Cap Eni and Peers"(https://www.eni.com/en_IT/investors/eni-on-the-stock-markets/eni-peers.page).
eni.com.
8. "Blackpool Gazette" (http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/news/environment/latest-oil-giant-accepts-responsibility-for-s
pill-affecting-fylde-coast-1-8658634). Blackpool Gazette.
9. La costruzione dell'architettura: temi e opere del dopoguerra italiano(https://books.google.com/books?id=KrxTCwAA
QBAJ&pg=PT190). Gangemi Editore. 2016. pp. 190–.ISBN 978-88-492-9096-7.
10. "ENI SPA (ENI:BrsaItaliana): Stock Quote & Company Profile - Businessweek"(https://web.archive.org/web/201310
15071028/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=ENI:IM) .
Businessweek.com. Archived from the original (http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapsh
ot.asp?ticker=ENI:IM) on 2013-10-15.
11. ENI SPA NYSE (https://www.adr.com/DRDetails/Overview?cusip=26874R108)Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20120530003858/https://www.adr.com/DRDetails/Overview?cusip=26874R108)2012-05-30 at the Wayback
Machine.
12. "Introducing Enrico Mattei - enihistory"(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/inizia-il-viaggio/enrico-mattei/introducing-enrico-m
attei.html). eni.com.
13. "FEEM - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei- About us - Enrico Mattei"(https://web.archive.org/web/20110816230938/htt
p://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=85&sez=About%20us&padre=24&sub=26). feem.it. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.feem.it/getpage.aspx?id=85&sez=About%20us&padre=24&sub=26)on 2011-08-16.
14. "Eni" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/188388/Eni). Encyclopædia Britannica.
15. "What does Eni stand for?"(https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224940/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/faq/company-in
formation/miscellaneous/faq-miscellaneous-stand-for.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/
en_IT/faq/company-information/miscellaneous/faq-miscellaneous-stand-for .shtml) on 2013-12-02.
16. History of the trademark(http://www.eni.com/brand_eni/en/1_la_storia_del_marchio.shtml) Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20130619153043/http://www .eni.com/brand_eni/en/1_la_storia_del_marchio.shtml)2013-06-19 at the
Wayback Machine.
17. "What is the significance of the "six-legged dog" in the Eni symbol?"(https://web.archive.org/web/20151006130800/h
ttp://www.eni.com/en_IT/faq/company-information/history-trademark/faq-significance-six-legged-dog-symbol.shtml) .
eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/faq/company-information/history-trademark/faq-signific
ance-six-legged-dog-symbol.shtml)on 2015-10-06.
18. "1954 - MOVING AROUND THE WORLD. ALL YOU NEED IS A FORMULA"
(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/inizia-il-viag
gio/1954.html). eni.com.
19. Society of Petroleum Engineers(http://www.iaasm.net/%5CUserFiles%5Cattach%5C2012112203594Bollettino_SPE
_03_JtP.pdf)
20. "Enrico Mattei" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1420391/Enrico-Mattei). Encyclopædia Britannica.
21. "1957 - THE MATTEI FORMULA, ANOTHERWINNING MOVE" (http://enistoria.eni.com/en/inizia-il-viaggio/1957.htm
l). enihistory.
22. Eni in Egypt (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/documentazione/pubblicazioni/paesi/Eni_in_Egypt_2.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230839/http://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/documentazione/pub
blicazioni/paesi/Eni_in_Egypt_2.pdf)2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
23. "OIL AGREEMENTS IN IRAN"(http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/oil-agreements-in-iran). iranicaonline.org.
24. "ENI" (http://italypr.wordpress.com/2013/05/14/eni/). wordpress.com.
25. "CEO Paolo Scaroni discusses Eni-Russia relations: past, present and future"
(http://www.thinkrussia.com/business-
economy/ceo-paolo-scaroni-discusses-eni-russia-relations-past-present-and-future). thinkRUSSIA.
26. "A History of US Petroleum Wars by We Fight for Oil" (http://www.epubbud.com/read.php?g=C54UGV9Y&p=11).
epubbud.com.
27. "1962 - A LIGHT GOES OFF OVER THE SKY OF Bascapè. - enihistory"
(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/inizia-il-viaggio/
1962.html). eni.com.
28. "The Mystery of Enrico Mattei"(http://fly.historicwings.com/2012/10/the-mystery-of-enrico-mattei/).
HistoricWings.com: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers.
29. "La sentenza su De Mauro "Ucciso per lo scoop su Mattei" - Palermo - Repubblica.it"
(http://palermo.repubblica.it/cro
naca/2012/08/07/news/la_sentenza_su_de_mauro_ucciso_per_lo_scoop_su_mattei-40542417/) . Palermo - La
Repubblica. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
30. "Oil Company Histories"(http://www.virginia.edu/igpr/APAG/apagoilhistory.html). virginia.edu.
31. Italgas history (http://www.italgas.it/en/about-us/history/)
32. "Oil Embargo, 1973–1974 - 1969–1976 - Milestones - Of fice of the Historian" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131101
162806/http://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/OPEC). state.gov. Archived from the original (https://history.sta
te.gov/milestones/1969-1976/OPEC)on 2013-11-01.
33. "OPEC states declare oil embargo"(http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/opec-states-declare-oil-embargo)
.
HISTORY.com.
34. "1973-74 Oil Crisis" (http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/projects/debt/oilcrisis.html). berkeley.edu.
35. "Research Library" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130504092105/http://bakerinstitute.org/publications/algerian-gas-t
o-europe-the-transmed-pipeline-and-early-spanish-gas-import-projects) . bakerinstitute.org. Archived from the original
(http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/algerian-gas-to-europe-the-transmed-pipeline-and-early-spanish-gas-impo
rt-projects) on 2013-05-04.
36. "The 70s/80s" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110817011109/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/history/the-steps/th
e-70s-80s/the-70s-80s.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/history/the-st
eps/the-70s-80s/the-70s-80s.shtml)on 2011-08-17.
37. National Oil Corporation-Eni gas company(http://en.noclibya.com.ly/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=
71&Itemid=0)
38. The Race for Energy: from 1972 to 1998(http://www.eni.com/brand_eni/en/storia/tempimoderni/72-98/il_marchio_19
72_98.shtml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231141/http://www.eni.com/brand_eni/en/storia/tempi
moderni/72-98/il_marchio_1972_98.shtml)2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
39. "Pipelines or pipe dreams? Lessons from the history of Arab transit pipelines"
(http://web.macam.ac.il/~arnon/Int-M
E/oil/Pipelines%20or%20pipe%20dreams.htm) . macam.ac.il.
40. Eni in Libya (http://www.eni.com/it_IT/attachments/documentazione/pubblicazioni/paesi/APR-Folder-Eni-EP-in-Libia.
pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001721/http://www .eni.com/it_IT/attachments/documentazione/
pubblicazioni/paesi/APR-Folder-Eni-EP-in-Libia.pdf)2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine.
41. press@nato-pa.int. "NATO PA - 166 GSM 03 - ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN"(ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20051109084348/http://www .nato-pa.int/Default.asp?SHORTCUT=453). nato-pa.int.
Archived from the original (http://www.nato-pa.int/default.asp?SHORTCUT=453) on 2005-11-09.
42. "Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline"(http://pipelinesinternational.com/news/trans-mediterranean_pipeline/009342/)
.
Pipelines International.
43. Pipelines in the Middle East and North Africa(http://www.orfonline.org/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/enm-analysis/EN
M-ANALYSISDetail.html?cmaid=30043&mmacmaid=30038) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2013120223391
4/http://www.orfonline.org/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/enm-analysis/ENM-ANALYSISDetail.html?cmaid=30043&mm
acmaid=30038) 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
44. "Trans-Mediterranean Natural Gas Pipeline -Hydrocarbons Technology" (http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/p
rojects/trans-med-pipeline/). hydrocarbons-technology.com.
45. "ENI (Agip) Bouri" (http://www.fmctechnologies.com/SubseaSystems/GlobalProjects/Africa/Libya/ENIBouri.aspx)
.
FMC Technologies.
46. "Libya gas export project sets records"(http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-65/issue-2/pipeline-transp
ortation/libya-gas-export-project-sets-records.html)
. offshore-mag.com.
47. "1978 - HOUSTON, WE HAVE A CONTRACT. - enihistory" (http://enistoria.eni.com/en/inizia-il-viaggio/1978.html)
.
eni.com.
48. "Share Capital Evolution"(https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224208/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/investor-relation/
eni-stock-markets/share-capital-evolution/Share-Capital-Evolution.shtml)
. eni.com. Archived from the original (http://
www.eni.com/en_IT/investor-relation/eni-stock-markets/share-capital-evolution/Share-Capital-Evolution.shtml)on
2013-12-02.
49. "E stock quote - ENI S.p.A. stock price - NASDAQ.com"(http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/e). NASDAQ.com.
50. "1992 – A private affair, at the sevice [sic] of everyone. - enihistory"(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/tempi-moderni/1992.
html). eni.com.
51. "Eni signs agreements on industrial relations and green economy"(http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2011/07/arti
cles/IT1107019I.htm). europa.eu.
52. "Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) S.P
.A." (http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/algeria04.html)
ide.go.jp.
53. Eni SpA (https://www.nyse.com/listed/e.html)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233501/http://www
.nys
e.com/listed/e.html) 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
54. "1995 – The stock exchange listing! - enihistory"(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/tempi-moderni/1995.html)
. eni.com.
55. "Who will run Eni?" (http://www.economist.com/node/3750622). The Economist.
56. "The History of Privatization"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120314212451/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/hist
ory/the-steps/privatization-history.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/hist
ory/the-steps/privatization-history.shtml) on 2012-03-14.
57. "Login to access the Oil & Gas Journal Subscriber Premium features"(http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-91/is
sue-1/in-this-issue/general-interest/italy39s-state-owned-eni-struggles-toward-privatization.html)
. ogj.com.
58. "eni s.p.a." (http://aebrus.ru/en/about-the-aeb/our-members.php?ELEMENT_ID=7084)
aebrus.ru.
59. The Top 10 Oil & Gas Companies(http://gksil.com/documents/OG.pdf)
60. The Race for Energy: from 1998 to 2009(http://www.eni.com/brand_eni/en/storia/restyling/98-09/il_marchio_1998_2
009.shtml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131204013825/http://www
.eni.com/brand_eni/en/storia/restyling/
98-09/il_marchio_1998_2009.shtml)2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine.
61. Mergers and restructuring in the world oil industry(http://referensi.dosen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/01/Mergers-and-r
estructuring-in-the-world-oil-industry.pdf) Archived (http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522230439/http%3A//referensi.d
osen.narotama.ac.id/files/2012/01/Mergers%2Dand%2Drestructuring%2Din%2Dthe%2Dworld%2Doil%2Dindustry .p
df) 2016-05-22 at the Portuguese Web Archive
62. "ABOUT KASHAGAN"(http://www.ncoc.kz/en/kashagan/default.aspx). ncoc.kz.
63. "2001 – Conquering Kashagan. - enihistory"(http://enistoria.eni.com/en/tempi-moderni/2001.html)
. eni.com.
64. "Kashagan Offshore Oil Field Project - Offshore Technology" (http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/kashaga
n/). offshore-technology.com.
65. "Blue Stream" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120928231933/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/innovation-technology/eni-pr
ojects/blue-stream/blue-stream-project.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/innovati
on-technology/eni-projects/blue-stream/blue-stream-project.shtml)on 2012-09-28.
66. "Hydrocarbons Industry Projects - Hydrocarbons e
Tchnology" (http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/blu
estream/). hydrocarbons-technology.com.
67. Eni, Blue Stream project(http://greenactive.com/eng/eni-blue-stream-project/)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20140812183908/http://greenactive.com/eng/eni-blue-stream-project/)2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.
68. "Eni and Gazprom sign the agreement for the South Stream Project"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053550/
http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2007/06/Eni_and_Gazprom_sign_the_agree_23.06.2007.shtml) .
eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2007/06/Eni_and_Gazprom_sig
n_the_agree_23.06.2007.shtml)on 2014-08-08.
69. "South Stream Gas Pipeline"(http://www.gulfoilandgas.com/webpro1/projects/3dreport.asp?id=101888).
gulfoilandgas.com.
70. "South Stream Pipeline Project, Europe"(http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/southstream/).
hydrocarbons-technology.com.
71. "Letter to Eni CEO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100215045623/http://www .knightvinke.com/includes/documents/
2010/k/knight_vinke_letter_to_eni_ceo_paolo_scaroni_4nov2009.pdf)(PDF). Knight Vinke Asset Management.
Archived from the original (http://www.knightvinke.com/includes/documents/2010/k/knight_vinke_letter_to_eni_ceo_p
aolo_scaroni_4nov2009.pdf)(PDF) on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
72. "Eni achieves key production milestone in the Zubair field, in Iraq"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140328203311/htt
p://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2010/12/2010-12-05-Eni-achieves-key-production-in-zubair .shtml).
eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2010/12/2010-12-05-Eni-achiev
es-key-production-in-zubair.shtml) on 2014-03-28.
73. Gina Chon (4 November 2009)."Eni Signs Pact to Develop Iraq's Zubair Oil Field - WSJ"(https://www.wsj.com/articl
es/SB10001424052748703932904574511083555847714) . WSJ.
74. "Journal of Petroleum Technology - Company News" (http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/444-company-news-august-201
2/). spe.org.
75. Eni in Mozambique (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/casebook/casebook-mozambique.html)Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20130106235124/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/media/casebook/casebook-mozambique.html)2013-01-
06 at the Wayback Machine.
76. Mozambique: Galp Energia and Eni to drill of
fshore Mozambique in September(http://www.adamantineenergy.com/n
ews/mozambique-galp-eni.php)
77. "Italian group ENI finds more natural gas in Mozambique"(http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2012/03/26/italian-grou
p-eni-finds-more-natural-gas-in-mozambique/) . Macauhub English.
78. "ABO - About Oil - Our Publications"(https://web.archive.org/web/20151006185943/http://www .abo.net/en_IT/public
ations/reportage/mozambico/eni_presence.shtml) . abo.net. Archived from the original (http://www.abo.net/en_IT/publ
ications/reportage/mozambico/eni_presence.shtml)on 2015-10-06.
79. "Explorer" (http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2013/08aug/int_mamba0813.cfm). aapg.org.
80. "Eni increases the Mamba South gas discovery in Mozambique by 50%" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130111082
836/http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2011/10/2011-10-27-eni-mamba-south-mozambique.shtml) .
eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2011/10/2011-10-27-eni-mamb
a-south-mozambique.shtml)on 2013-01-11.
81. "SubSeaIQ - Offshore Field Development Projects" (http://www.subseaiq.com/%28X%281%29S%28domadl45njnzwf
z1cniwln55%29%29/data/Project.aspx?project_id=1012&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1) . subseaiq.com.
82. "Eni discovers gas at Mamba South offshore Mozambique" (http://www.offshore-technology.com/news/newseni-disco
vers-gas-at-mamba-south-offshore-mozambique). offshore-technology.com.
83. "Italy's ENI claims giant gas discovery in Mozambique"(http://www.modernghana.com/news/356987/1/italys-eni-clai
ms-giant-gas-discovery-in-mozambiqu.html). Modern Ghana.
84. "Eni: new giant gas discovery in the offshore Mozambique" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120421042716/http://ww
w.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2012/02/2012-02-15-mozambique-discovery.shtml). eni.com. Archived from
the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2012/02/2012-02-15-mozambique-discovery.shtml) on
2012-04-21.
85. "Rovuma Basin promissing to ENI with Mozambique Mamba discoveries « 2B1stconsulting"
(http://www.2b1stconsul
ting.com/rovuma-basin-promissing-to-eni-with-mozambique-mamba-discovery/)
. 2b1stconsulting.com.
86. "NEWS" (http://www.1derrick.com/eni-discovers-gas-at-mamba-north-east-2-in-mozambique/1937/). 1derrick.com.
87. Alan Petzet. "Eni adds Paleocene pay, 10+ tcf off Mozambique" (http://www.ogj.com/articles/2012/08/eni-adds-paleo
cene-pay-10-tcf-off-mozambique.html). ogj.com.
88. "Eni announces Mozambique gas discovery"(http://www.bus-ex.com/article/eni-announces-mozambique-gas-discov
ery). bus-ex.com.
89. "Mozambique: Eni makes new natural gas discovery in the region"(http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Sala_Stampa/Archiv
ioNotizie/Approfondimenti/2012/03/20120327_Mozambico_ENI.htm) . esteri.it.
90. "Eni: important new discovery in Mozambique"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120531044749/http://www .eni.com/en
_IT/media/press-releases/2012/05/2012-05-16-mozambico-eng.shtml) . eni.com. Archived from the original (http://en
i.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2012/05/2012-05-16-mozambico-eng.shtml) on 2012-05-31.
 91. ENI STRIKES ‘GIANT' NATURAL GAS FIELD AT CORAL PROSPECT(http://www.floatingproductionzone.com/zone
s/subsea_brief.aspx?brief_id=23371)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151007122437/http://www
.floatingpro
ductionzone.com/zones/subsea_brief.aspx?brief_id=23371)2015-10-07 at the Wayback Machine.
92. Super User. "Eni announces major new gas discovery offshore Mozambique" (http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/gas/ga
s/eni-announces-major-new-gas-discovery-of
fshore-mozambique). Oil Review Africa.
93. Zacks Investment Research (6 October 2015)."Eni Makes a Major Gas Discovery"(http://www.zacks.com/stock/new
s/75358/Eni-Makes-a-Major-Gas-Discovery). Zacks Investment Research.
94. Eni finds oil and gas offshore DR Congo(http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/exploration/exploration/eni-finds-oil-and-gas
-offshore-dr-congo-block), Africa: Oil Review Africa, 2014
95. OGJ Editors (May 7, 2014)."Eni sheds eastern European refining assets"(http://www.ogj.com/articles/2014/05/eni-s
heds-eastern-european-refining-assets.html). Oil and Gas Journal. Retrieved 20 May 2014. "A series of capacity
reductions in its Italian refining business over the last 3 years contributed a 13% reduction in the company's global
refining capacity in 2013, according to Eni."
96. "Italy's Eni acquires 40pc interest in Sasol's gas of
fshore permit" (http://www.southafricanews.net/index.php/sid/2227
82449/scat/371b1b8643d479c1/ht/Italys-Eni-acquires-40pc-interest-in-Sasols-gas-of fshore-permit). South Africa
News.Net. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
97. Adams, Christopher (30 August 2015)."Eni discovers 'supergiant' gasfield near Egypt"(http://app.ft.com/cms/s/0/899
031ec-4f0f-11e5-b029-b9d50a74fd14.html). Financial Times. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
98. "A new era in fusion research at MIT"(http://news.mit.edu/2018/new-era-fusion-research-mit-eni-0309)
. MIT News.
Retrieved 2018-03-10.
99. "Exploration & Production"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120202114725/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/operat
ions-strategies/exploration-production/exploration-production.shtml)
. eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.
eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/exploration-production/exploration-production.shtml) on 2012-02-02.
100. Eni Makes Big Oil Find in Africa Amid New Sub-Saharan Success(https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130801-71
4855.html)
101. "Eni Makes Significant Oil & Gas Discovery Of fshore Congo" (http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/eni-makes-signifi
cant-oil-gas-discovery-offshore-congo/). Offshore Energy Today.
102. "9Colonne - Eni: First important oil discovery in OTCP Block of
fshore Ghana" (http://www.9colonne.it/adon.pl?act=do
c&doc=48700#.Ugn7-z_xG5B). 9Colonne.
103. "Eni Discovers Significant Hydrocarbon Offshore Congo" (http://usaoilandgasmonitor.com/2013/08/01/eni-discovers-
significant-hydrocarbon-offshore-congo/). usaoilandgasmonitor.com.
104. PennEnergy Editorial Staff. "Eni announces first production from Junin-5 oil field in e
Vnezuela" (http://www.pennener
gy.com/articles/pennenergy/2013/03/eni-announces-first-production-from-junin-5-oil-field-in-venezue.html) .
pennenergy.com.
105. "Oil Production Kicks Off At Junin-5 In Venezuela" (http://www.epmag.com/Production-Field-Development/Oil-Produc
tion-Kicks-At-Junin-5-Venezuela_113900). epmag.com.
106. "Eni awarded new exploration licenses in the Barents Sea"(https://web.archive.org/web/20130731095150/http://ww
w.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2013/06/2013-06-12-eni-awarded-licenses-barents-sea.shtml) . eni.com.
Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2013/06/2013-06-12-eni-awarded-license
s-barents-sea.shtml) on 2013-07-31.
107. Eni gets exploration licenses in Barents Sea, of
fshore Norway (http://www.worldoil.com/Eni_gets_exploration_licens
es_in_Barents_Sea_offshore_Norway.html)
108. "No Transcript Data" (http://www.morningstar.com/earnings/35431185-eni-spa-e-q4-2011.aspx)
. morningstar.com.
109. "Eni's CEO Hosts 2012-2015 Strategy Presentation Call (T
ranscript)" (http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/call-transcript.as
px?StoryId=439361&Title=eni-s-ceo-hosts-2012-2015-strategy-presentation-call-transcript-)
. nasdaq.com.
110. Amarsys. "Kazakhstan: Eni sees Kashagan to produce 75,000 barrels a day in first month"
(http://www.energy-pedia.
com/news/kazakhstan/new-154609). energy-pedia.com.
111. Eni Releases 2013-2016 Strategic Plan(http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/en/news/eni-releases-2013-2016-strategic
-plan) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203905/http://www
.oilandgaseurasia.com/en/news/eni-releas
es-2013-2016-strategic-plan)2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine.
112. Iraq (http://www.oxy.com/OurBusinesses/OilAndGas/MiddleEastRegion/Pages/iraq.aspx)Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20130826123245/http://www.oxy.com/OurBusinesses/OilAndGas/MiddleEastR egion/Pages/iraq.aspx)
2013-08-26 at the Wayback Machine.
113. "- Eni: awarded East Sepinggan block in... - Europétrole"(http://www.euro-petrole.com/eni-awarded-east-sepinggan-
block-in-indonesia-n-i-6305). euro-petrole.com.
114. OGJ editors. "Eni sees 4%/year output rise through 2016"(http://www.ogj.com/articles/2013/03/eni-sees-4--year-out
put-rise-through-2016.html). ogj.com.
115. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202420/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/business-ethi
cs/organizational-transparency/organizational-transparency .shtml). Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en
_IT/sustainability/business-ethics/organizational-transparency/organizational-transparency .shtml) on 2013-10-29.
Retrieved 2013-10-25.
116. "Eni Norge" (http://www.eninorge.com/en/). eninorge.com.
117. "Oil and gas production"(http://annualreport2012.eni.com/annual-report/operating-review/exploration-and-productio
n/oil-and-gas-production.aspx?sc_lang=en). eni.com.
118. "Drilling" (http://annualreport2012.eni.com/annual-report/operating-review/exploration-and-production/drilling.aspx?s
c_lang=en). eni.com.
119. "Exploration and Development"(https://web.archive.org/web/20130610010740/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/o
perations-strategies/exploration-production/exploration-develop/exploration-development.shtml). eni.com. Archived
from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/exploration-production/exploration-develo
p/exploration-development.shtml)on 2013-06-10.
120. Annual report 2012 (https://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/publications/reports/reports-2012/Annual-Report-2012.p
df) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151006132619/https://www .eni.com/en_IT/attachments/publications/rep
orts/reports-2012/Annual-Report-2012.pdf)2015-10-06 at the Wayback Machine.
121. "Gas & Power" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120630061650/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strateg
ies/gas-power/gas-power.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-
strategies/gas-power/gas-power.shtml) on 2012-06-30.
122. "Previous Year's Results" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130728164729/http://www
.eni.com/en_IT/company/operati
ons-strategies/gas-power/year-gas/gas-power-previous-year-results.shtml)
. eni.com. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/gas-power/year-gas/gas-power-previous-year-results.shtml)
on 2013-07-28.
123. "History and development of the Company"(http://secfilings.nyse.com/filing.php?ipage=8849340&DSEQ=&SEQ=35
&SQDESC=SECTION_PAGE). nyse.com.
124. "Sannazzaro Refinery - Hydrocarbons T echnology" (http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/sanazzarroref
inery/). hydrocarbons-technology.com.
125. "Eni SpA (E) Company Profile - Reuters.com"(https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=E).
reuters.com.
126. "Power Generation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131031094225/http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-st
rategies/gas-power/power-generation-gas/gas-power-power-generation.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original
(http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/gas-power/power-generation-gas/gas-power-power-gener
ation.shtml) on 2013-10-31.
127. "Power" (http://annualreport2012.eni.com/annual-report/operating-review/gas-and-power/marketing/power
.aspx?sc_l
ang=en). eni.com.
128. "Sales of natural gas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131031094029/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-
strategies/gas-power/sales-gas/gas-power-sales.shtml) . eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_I
T/company/operations-strategies/gas-power/sales-gas/gas-power-sales.shtml) on 2013-10-31.
129. "Eni" (http://www.mercuriurval.com/en/Countries/Belgium/Jobs/Company-Branding-list/eni/). mercuriurval.com.
130. "Eni to Begin Trading Under Own Name in Belgium" (http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/eni-brand-enters-belgium).
naturalgaseurope.com.
131. "Eni Aims for 500,000 Customers in France Under Own Brand"(http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/eni-own-brand-ret
ail-france). naturalgaseurope.com.
132. "Eni Acquires Belgian Gas Company"(http://www.lngworldnews.com/eni-acquires-belgian-gas-company/). LNG
World News.
133. "Gas & Power" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120630061650/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strateg
ies/gas-power/gas-power.shtml). Eni. 2011-11-29. Archived fromthe original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/op
erations-strategies/gas-power/gas-power.shtml) on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
134. "Refining & Marketing"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120126213323/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/operations
-strategies/refining-marketing/refining-marketing.shtml)
. eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_I
T/company/operations-strategies/refining-marketing/refining-marketing.shtml) on 2012-01-26.
135. The Italian Gas Market: Challenges and Opportunities(http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/201
3/06/NG-76.pdf)
136. "Marketing of refined products"(https://web.archive.org/web/20131031093958/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/o
perations-strategies/refining-marketing/distribution-rf/refining-marketing-distribution-refined-products.shtml)
. eni.com.
Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/refining-marketing/distribution-r
f/refining-marketing-distribution-refined-products.shtml)on 2013-10-31.
137. "Eni will sell gas on the French retail market under its own brand"(http://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-pu
blication/energy-news-001/eni-will-sell-gas-french-retail-market-under-its-own-brand_13505.html) . enerdata.net.
138. "Eni enters the retail natural gas market in France"(https://web.archive.org/web/20121106095818/http://www.eni.co
m/en_IT/media/press-releases/2012/10/2012-10-09-eni-enters-retail-gas-market-france.shtml) . eni.com. Archived
from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2012/10/2012-10-09-eni-enters-retail-gas-market-f
rance.shtml) on 2012-11-06.
139. "Eni will operate on the Belgian retail market under its own brand"(http://www.enerdata.net/enerdatauk/press-and-pu
blication/energy-news-001/eni-will-operate-belgian-retail-market-under-its-own-brand_13725.html) . enerdata.net.
140. "Eni announces results for the third quarter and the nine months of 2012"
(http://www.akbizmag.com/Alaska-Busines
s-Monthly/October-2012/Eni-announces-results-for-the-third-quarter-and-the-nine-months-of-2012/)
. akbizmag.com.
141. "Petrol World - Magazine" (http://www.petrolworld.com/magazine/magazine6/issue-1-2013.pdf)(PDF).
petrolworld.com.
142. "Engineering & Construction"(https://web.archive.org/web/20120626132715/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/company/ope
rations-strategies/engineering-construction/engineering-construction.shtml)
. Eni. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.eni.com/en_IT/company/operations-strategies/engineering-construction/engineering-construction.shtml)on 2012-
06-26. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
143. "Eni and ZEiTECS Install Eni Congo's First Rigless Retrievable ESP System" (https://archive.is/20120905073045/htt
p://www.brightwire.com/news/204823-eni-and-zeitecs-install-eni-congo-s-first-rigless-retrievable-esp-system)
.
BrightWire. Archived fromthe original (http://www.brightwire.com/news/204823-eni-and-zeitecs-install-eni-congo-s-fir
st-rigless-retrievable-esp-system)on 2012-09-05.
144. "Eni Elektriciteit Aardgas Electricité Gaz Naturel"(https://eni.be). eni.be.
145. "Eni starts production at the Blane oil field of
fshore UK" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120114203713/http://www
.en
i.com/en_IT/media/press-releases/2007/09/Eni_starts_production_at_the_B_12.09.2007.shtml?menu2=media-archiv
e&menu3=press-releases). Milan: Eni. 2007-09-12. Archived fromthe original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/media/pres
s-releases/2007/09/Eni_starts_production_at_the_B_12.09.2007.shtml?menu2=media-archive&menu3=press-releas
es) on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
146. "ENI India to start drilling in Q2 of 2011"(http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archi
ve&Source=Page&Skin=ETNEW&BaseHref=ETKM/2010/10/26&PageLabel=21&EntityId=Ar02105&V iewMode=HT
ML&GZ=T). Kolkata: The Economic Times. 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
147. The Putin and Pals Project(http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?id=636565) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20131107045000/http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?id=636565)2013-11-07 at the Wayback Machine..
Kommersant. Dec. 24, 2005
148. EU hits Italian energy group ENI with antitrust charges(http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1237461423.06/)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090426005613/http://www .eubusiness.com/news-eu/1237461423.06)2009-
04-26 at the Wayback Machine.
149. "Uganda names bribes-claim minister new PM"(https://af.reuters.com/article/ugandaNews/idAFLDE74N1W3201105
24?sp=true). Reuters. 2011-05-24.
150. Bond Market Debut for New Eni CFO Mondazzi(http://www.cfo-insight.com/financing-liquidity/loans-and-bonds/bond
-market-debut-for-new-eni-cfo-mondazzi/)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130119071210/http://www .cfo-ins
ight.com/financing-liquidity/loans-and-bonds/bond-market-debut-for-new-eni-cfo-mondazzi/)
2013-01-19 at the
Wayback Machine. CFO Insight Magazine, January 2013
151. "Oil deal corruption trial in Italy is 'wake-up call for industry'(https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/04/oil-deal
-corruption-trial-in-italy-is-wake-up-call-for-industry)". The Guardian. 4 March 2018.
152. "13 September 2012 - Eni confirmed in the Dow Jones Sustainability W orld Index" (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
1107020838/http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/eni-confirmed-dow-sustainability-index-13-sep-2012.shtm
l). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/eni-confirmed-dow-sustainability
-index-13-sep-2012.shtml)on 7 November 2012.
153. Sustainability Index, Annual review 2012(http://www.sustainability-indices.com/review/annual-review-2012.jsp)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130530055234/http://www .sustainability-indices.com/review/annual-review-
2012.jsp) 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine.
154. 4-traders (13 September 2012)."Eni SpA : Eni confirmed in Dow Jones Sustainability World Index" (http://www.4-tra
ders.com/ENI-SPA-413403/news/Eni-SpA-Eni-confirmed-in-Dow-Jones-Sustainability-World-Index-15196804/). 4-
traders.com.
155. "Eni confirmed in Dow Jones Sustainability W
orld Index" (http://www.thisisitaly-panorama.com/press-releases/eni-pr
ess-release/eni-confirmed-in-dow-jones-sustainability-world-index/)
. This is Italy.
156. "17 September 2012 – Eni confirmed in the FTSE4Good Index"(https://web.archive.org/web/20121107020645/http://
www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/pages/2012/eni-confirmed-ftse4good-index.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the
original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/pages/2012/eni-confirmed-ftse4good-index.shtml)on 7 November
2012.
157. Country classificationin FTSE Global benchmarks(http://www.ftse.com/Indices/Country_Classification/index.jsp)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090213140253/http://www .ftse.com/Indices/Country_Classification/index.js
p) February 13, 2009, at theWayback Machine.
158. 4-traders (17 October 2012)."Eni SpA : Eni confirmed in the FTSE4GoodIndex" (http://www.4-traders.com/ENI-SPA
-413403/news/Eni-SpA-Eni-confirmed-in-the-FTSE4Good-Index-15390324/) . 4-traders.com.
159. "12 September 2012 – Eni enters Cdp's Carbon Performance Leadership Index (CPLI)" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20131203000155/http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2012-10-12-eni-enters-cop-index.shtml) . eni.com.
Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2012-10-12-eni-enters-cop-index.shtml)on
3 December 2013.
160. CDP climate performance scores(https://www.cdproject.net/en-US/Results/Pages/CDP-2012-performance-scores.a
spx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130404041119/https://www
.cdproject.net/en-US/Results/Pages/CDP-2
012-performance-scores.aspx)2013-04-04 at the Wayback Machine.
161. "STOCK EXCHANGE: STANDARD ETHICS, ENI IS THE ONLY COMPANY IN THE FTSE MIB WITH A TRIPLE E"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233656/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2013-news/2013-news-
standard-ethics.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2013-new
s/2013-news-standard-ethics.shtml)on 2013-12-02.
162. "Climate Change" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130807010954/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/environme
nt/climate-change/climate-change.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainabilit
y/environment/climate-change/climate-change.shtml)on 2013-08-07.
163. Fact Book 2012 (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/publications/reports/reports-2012/fact-book-2012-eng.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140817011607/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/attachments/publications/reports/r
eports-2012/fact-book-2012-eng.pdf)2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine.
164. Eni - Sustainability Indices(http://www.eni.com/en_IT/investor-relation/eni-stock-markets/sustainability-indexes/susta
inability-indexes.shtml)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140817005511/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/investor-re
lation/eni-stock-markets/sustainability-indexes/sustainability-indexes.shtml)2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine.
165. "The sustainability in Eni"(http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/sustainability.shtml). eni.com.
166. "Eni S.p.A. Annual Report 2013 - Welcome" (http://report.eni.com/annual-report-2013/en/servicepages/welcome.htm
l). eni.com.
167. "Business Model" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140816191635/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/sustainabilit
y-eni/business-model/business-model.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustaina
bility/sustainability-eni/business-model/business-model.shtml)on 2014-08-16.
168. "Partnerships for Sustainable Energy"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140816195732/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sust
ainability/rio20/sustainable-energy/sustainable-energy
.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the original (http://www.eni.co
m/en_IT/sustainability/rio20/sustainable-energy/sustainable-energy .shtml) on 2014-08-16.
169. "Eni for 2013" (http://report.eni.com/eni-for-2013/en/servicepages/welcome.html)
. eni.com.
170. "Sustainable Development Solutions Network"(http://unsdsn.org). unsdsn.org.
171. "Green Refinery Project"(https://web.archive.org/web/20140816201646/http://www .eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/envi
ronment/biodiversity-and-ecosystems/green-refinery-project/green-refinery-project.shtml) . eni.com. Archived from
the original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/environment/biodiversity-and-ecosystems/green-refinery-project/
green-refinery-project.shtml)on 2014-08-16.
172. "Matrìca: Porto Torres inaugurates new greenchemistry complex" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140812204020/htt
p://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2014-news/2014-06-16-porto-torres.shtml). eni.com. Archived from the
original (http://www.eni.com/en_IT/sustainability/news/2014-news/2014-06-16-porto-torres.shtml)on 2014-08-12.

"Gov't signs $7billion oil and gas agreement to produce 1100 megawatts power"
(PDF). myjoyonline.com. Retrieved
February 3, 2015.
"Gov't signs $7billion oil and gas agreement to produce 1100 megawatts power"
. energymin.gov.gh. Retrieved
February 3, 2015.

Bibliography
(in English) Marcello Boldrini, Mattei, Rome, Colombo, 1969
(in Italian) Marcello Colitti, Energia e sviluppo in Italia, Bari, De Donato, 1979
(in English) Paul H. Frankel, Oil and Power Policy, New York - Washington, Praeger, 1966
(in English) Pier Paolo Pasolini, Petrolio, various
(in Italian) Nico Perrone, Enrico Mattei, Bologna, Il mulino, 2001ISBN 88-15-07913-0

External links
Official website
Eni from Yahoo! finance
New Gas Routes to the European Union

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eni&oldid=837832524

"

This page was last edited on 23 April 2018, at 09:22.

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.