CHAPTER 23, 24, & 25 STUDY GUIDE

1. How does most oxygen enter the ocean?

2. What type of ocean water do gases dissolve the most readily in?

3. What factors affect the temperature of the ocean water?

4. What happens to deep ocean water as it becomes colder?

5. What two factors affect the salinity of ocean water?

6. What area does cold ocean water move through as it sinks?

7. What is the layer of a body of water in which temperature drops with increased depth faster than it
does in other layers?

8. What are the two main gases dissolved in ocean water?

9. Since the ocean is often referred to as a carbon sink, how much more carbon does the ocean have
compared to the atmosphere?

10. What can scientists determine the presence of by studying variations in the ocean color?

11. Why are plankton called the foundation of life in the ocean?

12. What is upwelling?

13. What happens to density when surface ocean water is warmed by solar energy?

14. Although most wavelengths of visible light are absorbed at varying degrees by ocean water and
microscopic sea life, what color is most reflected?

15. What factors help control the movement of surface currents?

16. What factors help determine the size of a wave?

17. What is fetch?

18. What is the major cause of tides?

19. Where would a tidal bore occur?

20. What is the tidal current that flows toward the ocean called?

21. What is the highest point of a wave?

22. What is the name of the swift, warm current that flows northeastward along the coast of the United
States?

23. What is a turbidity current, where is it located, and what effects occur from it?

24. What is a sea?

25. Why do scientists use sonar?

26. Why would a scientist use a bathysphere?

 CHAPTER 23, 24, & 25 STUDY GUIDE
27. What is the difference between abyssal plains and trenches?

28. Where does biogenic sediment come from and where does the silica in biogenic sediments mainly
come from?

29. What is the order of the oceans from largest to smallest?

30. What is the continental shelf a part of?

31. What are the most common compounds in organic sediment?

32. How do marine organisms help balance the chemistry of ocean water?

33. What are the ocean and atmosphere continuously exchanging as the temperature changes?

34. What are nekton and benthos and what are sea sponges an example of?

35. Since the Mediterranean Sea has high evaporation and low rainfall in summer how is the salinity and
density affected?

36. What are deep currents caused by?

37. Very large waves are usually the result of what kind of fetch?

38. What causes gyres to form?

39. What is refraction?

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