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INJURY
The road traffic accidents, injuries may
be sustained to.
1. Pedestrian .
2. Cyclist / motorcyclist.
3. Occupants of a vehicle.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS:-
A large variety of injuries are sustained
by persons involved in traffic
accidents..
A traffic collision, also known as
a traffic accident, motor vehicle
collision, motor vehicle accident, car
accident, automobile accidents, road
traffic collision, road traffic accident.
1. INJURIES TO PEDESTRAINS:-
Three patterns of injury are often seen.
1. Primary impact injuries.(the first part
struck).
2. Secondary injuries.( further injury
caused by vehicles).
&
3. Tertiary injuries.(injuries caused by
victim‟s striking objects, such as the
ground).
I. IN PRIMARY IMPACT INJURY:-
These are the injuries caused by
vehicle when it first struck and Hit the
person whether crossing the road from
one side to the other side or walking
with or against the traffic.
The importance of primary impact
injury is that the body of victim may
bear design / pattern of the part of
vehicle in form of imprint abrasion
pattern bruised.
Common parts of vehicle which may
struck or hit a person includes..
1. Bumper
2. Wing
3. Grill
4. Head Light
5. Fender
6. Radiator
7. Door handle
INJURIES:
External injuries:- It should include.
I. The nature if the wound, i.e. whether it is a
bruise abrasion or laceration.
II. The wound dimensions, e.g. length, width and
depth. It is helpful to take a photograph of
wound with an indication of dimension (e.g. a
tape measure placed next to the wound.)
III. The position of the wound in relation to fixed
anatomical land marks, e.g. distance from the
midline or below the clavicle.
IV. The height of the wound from heel- this is
important in case where pedestrians have
been struck by motor vehicles so that the
height of an impact point can be compared
with any suspect vehicle.
Internal injuries:- The distribution of fatal
injuries is mostly related to the head and chest.
Due to extraordinary resilience of the
skin, serious internal injuries may be present
without any evidence of a corresponding
external injuries. It is there for necessary to incise
suspected areas of impact.
LABORATORY SPECIMENS:-
A blood sample (of the driver and pedestrians)
should be taken analyzed for the presence and
amount of alcohol (taken from peripheral vein
and not from viscera, if death occurred in 12-24
h of accident.) and drugs, since the question of
contributory negligence may subsequently
arise.
If sufficient blood is not obtainable, vitreous fluid
from the eye can be analyzed for alcohol.
The urine should be screened for commonly
abused drugs.
Whether the victim was the driver or the passenger?
Some times it is necessary to know who was driving the
vehicle for insurance purpose. Following can assist the
autopsy surgeon in determining if a particular occupant
was the driver.
Steering wheel impact abrasions may be seen on the
chest.
Dicing injuries on the right side of the body.
Pattern seat belt abrasions is seen on the right side of
the shoulder going diagonally across the chest of the
left.
Imprint marks of the break and clutch pedals on the
sole of shoe is pressed at the time of impact.
In different jurisdictions autopsy, surgeons may
rule the manner of death in Hit and run
pedestrian fatalities as „Homicide‟ or „accident‟
or „undetermined‟ depending on the existing
protocol.