Register Size dks Word Size Hkh

dgkW tkrk gS ;g crkrk gS fd fdrus Data ij ,d le; esa

Computer ds }kjk iz;ksx esa fy;k tkuk gSA ;g Size 8, 16, 32, 64 bits rd gks ldrh gSA

Instruction Cycle-

fdlh Computer Processor dk izkFkfed dk;Z funsZ’kks ds lewg dks Øec) :i esa
fØ;kfUor djuk gksrk gS bls Instruction Cycle ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS blesa pkj Steps
tqMs gksrs gS&

(1) Fetching - bl fØ;k esa CPU Memory ls Instruction vkSj Data dks ykus dk dk;Z
djrk gS vFkok izkIr djrk gS ;s Fetch Instruction Register ds vUrxZr gksrs gSA
Processor esa ,d Area gksrk gS ftls Program Counter dgk tkrk gS ;g Bookmark dh rjg
dk;Z djrk gS vkSj lwfpr djrk gS dh dgkW Last Instruction lekIr gqvk gS vkSj
dgkW ls Next 'kq: gksxkA
(2) Decoding- Fetch Process ds ckn Instruction dks Decode fd;k tkrk gS Operation Code
(OPCode) vkSj
(3) Excute-
(4) Store

CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computer

RISC- Reduced Instruction Set Computer

CPU Scheduling-cgqrlkjh Process ds e/; CPU dks Switch (cnyus ) dh izfØ;k dks CPU
Scheduling dgkW tkrk gS ;g izfØ;k Preemptive vkSj Non-Preemptive nks izdkj dh gks ldrh
gS&

(a) Preemptive esa Scheduler CPU ls Current Process dks Remove djrk
gS ftlls dksbZ nwljh
Process fØ;kfUor dh tk lds blesa Process dks e/; esa gh jksdk tk ldrk gSA
(b) Non Preemptive esa blesa CPU esa Process ds vUr u gks tkus rd New Process ugh
nh tk ldrh gSA

(1) First Come First Serve- tks Process CPU dks lcls igys Request djrh gS og lcls
igys CPU dk iz;ksx djrh gS blesa Next Process dks Wait dh voLFkk eas jguk iMrk
gSA

blesa ftl Process dks iwjk gksus esa lcls de le; yxrk gS
(2) Shortest Job First Schedule-
mls igys Execute fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Non Preemptive gksrh gSA
 blds vUrxZr lHkh Process dks Priority iznku dh tkrh gS ftldh Bit
(3) Priority Schduling-
Priority lcls vf/kd gksrh gS mls igys fØ;kfUor fd;k tkrk gSA leku Priority gksus ij
FCFS Schedule iz;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gSA

(4) Round Robin Scheduling- blesa Time sharing dk

iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS fn;s x;s leLr dk;ksZ
dks igys ls fuf’pr le; Allocate dj fn;k tkrk gS ftls Time Slice dgk tkrk gS izR;sd Process
ij Time Slice ds vuq:i dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS Process ;fn Complete gS rks nwljh Process Execute
dh tkrh gS ;fn ugh rks ml Process dks ihNs Queue esa Mky dj vxyh Process Execute dh
tkrh gS vkSj fØ;k leLr Process ds iw.kZ gksus rd pyrh gSA