How the heart

works
The heart is the most important organ in our body. It is basically a complex pump,
responsible for circulating blood oxygen and nutrients around the body
What is the heart
The heart is a hollow, cone-shaped muscle that's about the size of an adult fist and
usually found to the left of our breastbone.
The heart is the most important organ in our body. It is basically a complex pump,
responsible for circulating blood, oxygen and nutrients around the body.
Parts of the heart
The average weight of a healthy female human heart is (255g).
A man's heart is usually slightly bigger at around (300g).
Every heart is made up of three layers:
an inner lining called the endocardium
a middle layer of muscle called the myocardium
an outer fluid-filled sac known as the pericardium.
The heart is divided into four chambers:
the right atrium and left atrium are the upper chambers of the heart
the right ventricle and left ventricle are the lower chambers.
A muscular wall called the septum separates the right and left sides of the heart.
Each of the chambers has valves. The valves have different names:
the tricuspid valve is at the exit of the right atrium
the mitral valve is for the left atrium
the pulmonary valve is at the exit of the right ventricle
the aortic valve is at the exit of the left ventricle.
Their purpose is to allow blood to move forwards through the heart and to prevent it
flowing backwards into the previous chamber.
How does the heart work
The heart muscle contracts in two stages to squeeze blood out of the heart. This is
known as systole.
In the first stage, the upper chambers (atria) contract at the same time, pushing blood
down into the lower chambers (ventricles).
Blood is pumped from the right atrium down into the right ventricle and from the left
atrium down into the left ventricle.
In the second stage, the lower chambers contract to push this blood out of the heart to
either the body via your main artery (aorta) or to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
The heart then relaxes – known as diastole. Blood fills up the heart again, and the
whole process, which takes a fraction of a second, is repeated.
The different sides of the heart have different functions.
On the right side, the upper chamber fills with oxygen-depleted blood from your body
and pushes it via the lower chamber and the pulmonary artery back to the
lungs. Here blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
On the left side, the upper chamber fills with oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. This
is pumped via the lower chamber into the aorta and out to the body to provide
cells with the crucial oxygen they need.
What makes the heart beat
On average, most people have a heart rate of around 72 beats per minute at rest. This
varies according to fitness, age, exertion and general health.
Each heart beat is triggered by an electrical pacemaker - a group of cells in the heart
that have the ability to generate electrical activity. They cause electrical impulses to
spread over the heart and make it contract.
The largest natural pacemaker of the heart is called the sinoatrial or SA node and is
found in the right atrium. From it, specialised groups of cells that carry the electrical
charge lead off to the rest of the heart.

Slightly bigger-Putin mai mare

An inner lining-O captuseala interioara
Middle layer-Stratul de mijloc
Fluid-Lighid-A substance that is able to flow freely as liquids and gases do
Filled-Umplut-Make or become full.2 block up hole or cavity.
Endocardium-Endocard-is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the
heart
Myocardium-Miocard-the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of
cardiac muscle.
Pericardium-Pericard-The conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and
the roots of the great blood vessels.
Upper chambers-Camera superioara-
Right atrium-Atriumul drept-is one of the two blood collection chambers of the heart
Left atrium-Atriumul sting-is one of the two blood collection chambers of the heart
Right ventricle-Ventriculul drept-The right ventricle is the chamber within the heart
that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.
Left ventricle-Ventricolul sting-is one of four chambers of the heart. It is located in
the bottom left portion of the heart below the left atrium
Lower chambers-Camera inferioara
The tricuspid valve-Valve tricuspide-The tricuspid valve stands between the right
atrium and the right ventricle, and it allows blood to flow only from the atrium into
the ventricle.
The mitral valve-Valva mitrala-The mitral valve permits blood to flow from the left
atrium into the left ventricle, but not in the reverse direction.
The pulmonary valve-Valva pulmonara-. The pulmonary valve moves blood toward
the lungs and keeps it from sloshing back from the pulmonary artery into the heart.
The aortic valve-Valva aortica-The aortic valve lets blood from the left ventricle be
pumped up (ejected) into the aorta but prevents blood once it is in the aorta from
returning to the heart.
Backwards-Inapoi
To squeeze-Pentru a stoarce
Systole-Sistola-. the normal rhythmical contraction of the heart, during which the
blood in the chambers is forced onward.
Diastole-Diastola-the normal rhythmical dilatation of the heart during which the
chambers are filling with blood
Fills up-Umple
Lungs-Plamini-either of the two saclike respiratory organs in the thorax of humans
and the higher vertebrates.
Cells-Celula-a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic
material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic
structural unit of all organisms
Crucial oxygen-
Health-Sanatate-the general condition of the body or mind with reference to
soundness and vigor
Pacemaker-
Heart-Inima-a hollow, pumplike organ of blood circulation, composed mainly of
rhythmically contractile smooth muscle
Beat-Batai
Triggered-Declansat
Impulses-Impulsuri-the influence of a particular feeling, mental state
Contract-Contractii-
Sinotrial-Sinotrial-
Charge-Incarca
Body-Corp-the physical structure and material substance of an animal or plant, living
or dead.
Circulating-Circulatie-
Nutrients-Nutrienti-containing or conveying nutriment, as solutions or vessels of the
body.
Cone-shaped-Forma de con
Fist-Pumn-the hand closed tightly, with the fingers doubled into the palm
Breastbone-Stern-
Pushing-blood-Impingind singele
Pick up-Ridica
Blood-Singe-the fluid that circulates in the principal vascular system of human beings
and other vertebrates, in humans consisting of plasma in which the red blood cells,
white blood cells, and platelets are suspended.
Average-Medie
Provide-Furniza
Heartbeat-Bataile Inimii-a pulsation of the heart, including one complete systole and
diastole.