Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 5

Lab Report#: 7

To observe the Flooding by Varying the Reflux


Ratio
Author: Muhammad Mustafa
Reg. #: 15PWCHE1006
Co-Author: Hafeez Ullah
Reg. #: 15PWCHE1020
INSTRUCTOR:
Dr. Muhammad Daud
“UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR”
ABSTRACT: In this experiment the relation of pressure drop
and flooding with reflux ratio was observed. The reflux ratio
was changed from 25% to 100%, and the pressure drop and
flooding point was noted. The reflux ratio was changed from
the console and pressure drop was noted from pressure
measuring U-tube Manometers in the unit. The default time for
the total product was 9 seconds. Now to get 25%, 2.25 sec in 9
sec was for reflux and 6.75sec was for product. Similarly for
50% reflux ratio 4.5 sec was for reflux and 4.5 sec was for
product and so on. At last Refractive index was checked to
know about purity.

INTRODUCTION:
The Reflux ratio is the ratio between the boil up rate and
the take-off rate. Or in other words, it is the ratio between
the amount of reflux that goes back down the distillation
column and the amount of reflux that is collected in the
receiver (distillate). If 5 parts of the reflux go back down
the distillation column and 1 part is collected as distillate
then the reflux ratio is 5:1. In the case where all the reflux
is collected as distillate the reflux ratio would be 0:1. If no
distillate is collected then a reflux ratio is not assigned.
Instead we call this "total reflux" or equilibration.

The higher the reflux ratio, the more vapor/liquid contact


can occur in the distillation column. So higher reflux ratios
usually mean higher purity of the distillate. It also means
that the collection rate for the distillate will be slower.
We can vary the reflux ratio for our desired purity.

Flooding is brought about by excessive vapor.


Theoretical Background:
∆H = H2-H1.
∆P = ρ g ∆H.

Results and Discussion:


Log Sheet:
Run# R Time(Sec) ∆H Degree of RI
(%) (mm H2O) Foaming
1 25 2.25 82 Normal 1.35
2 50 4.5 86 Gentle 1.356
3 75 6.75 95 violent 1.367
4 100 9 101 vigrous 1.349
Graph:
X-axis: Reflux Ratio
Y-axis: ∆H
∆H vs R
105
101
Pressure Drop (mmH2o)

100
95
95

90
85
85 82

80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Reflux Ratio

Conclusion:
The degree of foaming and pressure drop increases with
increase in reflux ratio. Refractive index also shows slight
increase upto 75% increase in reflux ratio which shows the
product purity increases upto 75% reflux ratio.

References:
 Coulson Richardson, vol. 2
 Unit Operation of Chemical
Engineering
Nomenclature:
 R is for Reflux Ratio.
 ∆H is for the change in Mercury Height
(pressure Drop).
 RI is for Refractive Index.
 ρ. Is for Density of Water.
 g is the Gravitational Acceleration.

Вам также может понравиться