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7
Voltage Dividers
and Current Dividers
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
7-1: Series Voltage Dividers
Voltage Taps in a Series
Voltage Divider
Different voltages are
available at voltage taps
A, B, and C.
The voltage at each tap
point is measured with
respect to ground.
Ground is the reference
point.
G
I= × IT
GT
7-3: Current Division by
Parallel Conductances
Fig. 7-5: Current divider with branch conductances G1, G2, and G3, each equal to 1/R. Note that
S is the siemens unit for conductance. With conductance values, each branch I is directly
proportional to the branch G.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
7-3: Current Division by
Parallel Conductances
GT = G1 + G2 + G3
= 0.1 + 0.5 + 0.2
GT = 0.8 S
I1 = 0.1/0.8 x 40 mA = 5 mA
I2 = 0.5/0.8 x 40 mA = 25 mA
I3 = 0.2/0.8 x 40 mA = 10 mA
KCL check: 5 mA + 25 mA + 10 mA = 40 mA = IT
7-4: Series Voltage Divider with
Parallel Load Current
Voltage dividers are often used to tap off part of the
applied voltage for a load that needs less than the total
voltage.
Fig. 7-6: Effect of a parallel load in part of a series voltage divider. (a) R1 and R2 in series without
any branch current. (b) Reduced voltage across R2 and its parallel load RL. (c) Equivalent circuit
of the loaded voltage divider.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
7-4: Series Voltage Divider with
Parallel Load Current
V1 = 40/60 x 60 V = 40 V
V2 = 20/60 x 60 V = 20 V
V1 + V2 = VT = 60 V
(Applied Voltage)
Fig 7-6
7-4: Series Voltage Divider with
Parallel Load Current
The current that passes through all the resistances in the voltage
divider is called the bleeder current, IB.
Resistance RL has just its load current IL.
Resistance R2 has only the bleeder current IB.
Resistance R1 has
both IL and IB.
Fig. 7-6
7-5: Design of a
Loaded Voltage Divider
Fig. 7-7: Voltage divider for different voltages and currents from the source VT.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
7-5: Design of a
Loaded Voltage Divider
I1 through R1 equals 30 mA
I2 through R2 is 36 + 30 = 66 mA
I3 through R3 is 54 + 36 + 30 = 120 mA
V1 is 18 V to ground
V2 is 40 − 18 = 22 V
V3 is 100 V (Point D) − 40 = 60 V
7-5: Design of a
Loaded Voltage Divider
R1 = V1/I1 = 18 V/30 mA = 0.6 kΩ = 600 Ω
NOTE: When these values are used for R1, R2, and R3 and
connected in a voltage divider across a source of 100 V,
each load will have the specified voltage at its rated current.