OBLIGATIONS

A. IN GENERAL
1. Definition
2. Kinds of obligations as to basis and enforceability
3. Prescription of actions
4. Elements of obligation
B. SOURCES OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS
1. Law
2. Contracts
3. Quasi-contracts
a. Negotiorum gestio
b. Solutio indebiti
c. Other quasi-contracts
4. Acts or omissions punished by law
5. Quasi-delicts
C. COMPLIANCE WITH OBLIGATIONS
D. KINDS OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS
1. As to perfection and extinguishment
a. Pure
b. Conditional
c. With a term or period
2. As to plurality of presentation
a. Conjunctive
b. Alternative
c. Facultative
3. As to rights and obligations of multiple parties
a. Joint
b. Solidary
c. Disjunctive
4. As to performance of prestation
a. Divisible
b. Indivisible
c. Joint indivisible
d. Solidary indivisible
5. As to the presence of an accessory undertaking in case of breach
a. With a penal clause
Distinguished from liquidated damages
E. BREACH OF OBLIGATIONS
Manner of breach
1. Fraud
2. Negligence
3. Delay
4. Any other manner of contravention
Excuses for non-performance
1. Fortuitous event
2. Act of creditor
F. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF OBLIGATIONS
1. Extra-judicial remedies
a. Expressly granted by law
b. Stipulated
2. Judicial remedies
a. Principal remedies
b. Subsidiary remedies
c. Ancillary remedies