PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WHITE LED BASED VISIBLE

LIGHT COMMUNICATION

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

P.SRISRINIVASAN (2014504536)

M.HARITHA (2014504509)

P.VIVEK (2014504019)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHROMPET

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 044

APRIL2018

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF LED

BASED VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION”is the bonafide work of

P.SRISRINIVASAN (2014504536)

M.HARITHA (2014504509)

P.VIVEK (2014504019)

who carried out the project work under my supervision.Certified further that to the
best of my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any other
project report on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on this or any
other candidate .

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.M.Kannan Dr.S.Piramasubramanian

Associate professor, Assistant professor,

Head of the department Department of electronics engineering

Department of electronics engineering Madras Institute of Technology,

Madras Institute of Technology, Chromepet,

Chromepet, Chennai-44.

Chennai-44.
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to record our sincere thanks to Dr.A.RAJADURAI, Dean,

Madras Institute of Technology, for having given consent to carry out the project
work at Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University.

We wish to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to

Dr.M.KANNAN, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Electronics
Engineering,Madras Institute Technology Campus, Anna University.

With esteem respect, we express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to our
guide Dr.S. PIRAMASUBRAMANIAN, Assistant Professor , Department of
Electronics Engineering, for her guidance, constant encouragement and support. Her
extensive vision, practical inputs and creative thinking has been a source of
inspiration throughout this project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to the panel members Dr.S.

PIRAMASUBRAMANIAN, Mr.G.BALAMURUGAN, Mrs. S. ALAGU and
Mr.K.VEERAPPAN for their valuable suggestions and encouragement during the
reviews.

We also thank Mrs. G. KAVITHA, the faculty advisor, and all the teaching
andnon-teaching staff members of Department of Electronics Engineering, for their
support in all aspects.

P.SRISRINIVASAN (2014504536)

M.HARITHA (2014504509)

P.VIVEK (2014504019)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT VIII

LIST OF FIGURES IX

LIST OF TABLES X1

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XII

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Objective of the project 1

1.2 Fiber optic communication system 2

1.2.1 Introduction 2

1.2.2 Important advantages for fiber 4

Optic communication

1.2.3 Applications of fibers in 5

Telecommunication

1.3 Free Space Optics (FSO) 5

1.3.1 Introduction 5

1.3.2 Signal propagation Impediments 7

1.3.3 Advantage of FSO system 8

1.4 Literature survey 9

1.5 Organisation of the project 10

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2 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION 12

2.1 Visible Light Communication 12

2.2Transmitters 13

2.3 Receivers 13

2.4 OOK modulation 14

2.5 Manchester Encoding 15

2.6 Light Emitting Diode 16

2.6.1 White LED 16

2.6.2 Advantages 18

2.7 Photodetector 18

2.7.1 Properties of Photodetector 18

2.8 Arduino Description 19

2.8.1 Board Description 20

2.8.2 Digital pins 21

2.8.3 Analog pins 22

2.8.4 Power pins 22

2.8.5 Other pins 23

3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 24
VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM USING OPTISYSTEM
25
3.1 Simulation
25
3.2 Transmitter block

V
 3.2.1 Pseudo random bit sequence

Generator 26

3.2.2 NRZ pulse generator 26

3.2.3 Fork 1× N 26

3.2.4 LED 26

3.2.5 Noise 27

3.2.6 Power combiner 27

3.2.7 FSO channel 27

3.3 Receiver block 28

3.3.1 Rectangle optical filter 28

3.3.2 Pin photodiode 29

3.3.3 Trans impedance amplifier 29

3.3.4 Lowpass Bessel filter 29

3.3.5 3R Regenerator 29

3.4 Results 30

3.4.1 Input data 30

3.4.2 Pin photo detector output 30

3.4.3 Low pass Bessel filter output 31

3.4.4 Output data 32

3.4.5 BER 32

3.4.6 Q factor 33

3.4.7 Eye diagram 33

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4 Practical implementation of visible light 36
communication

4.1 List of components 36

4.1.1 IRF 540N 36

4.1.2 Photodiode 5MM for Arduino/ 37

Rasberry-pi/Robotics

4.1.3 Features of photodiode 38

4.1.4 Application of photodiode 5MM 38

4.2 LED array 39

4.3 Block diagram 40

4.3.1 Transmitter 41

4.3.2 Receiver 42

4.3.3 Frame format 43

4.4 Programming Arduino 43

4.4.1 Transmitter code 43

4.4.2 Receiver code 43

4.5 Data rate calculation 44

4.6 Output 44

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 46

References 47

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 ABSTRACT

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging field in Optical Wireless

Communication (OWC) which utilizes the superior modulation bandwidth of Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. In modern day communication systems,
the most popular frequency band is Radio Frequency (RF) mainly due to little
interference and good coverage. However, the rapidly dwindling RF spectrum along
with increasing wireless network traffic has substantiated the need for greater
bandwidth and spectral relief. By combining illumination and communication, VLC
provides ubiquitous communication while addressing the shortfalls and limitations
of RF communication.

In this project, the LED based visible light communication is modelled using
Optisystem and performance is evaluated using transmitter, Free Space Optics
(FSO) channel and receiver. The function of the white LED is performed in the
software by combining red, green, blue LED. The distance between the transmitter
and receiver is varied 1 to 15m. Eye diagram is plotted for distance 1m to 15m and
Q factor is evaluated.

White Led based Free Space Optical communication link is demonstrated

experimentally and performance is analysed. Array of 168 white Led are used to
transmit and it is driven by Arduino –ATMEGA microcontroller. The pseudo
random bit sequence data is transmitted and received around the distance of 40 cm.

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 LIST OF FIGURES

S. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Electromagnetic spectrum 1

1.2 Basic block diagram of optical 4

communication systems
1.3 Basic block diagram of FSO 6

1.4 Directional transmission 7

2.1 Basic block diagram of VLC 12

2.2 OOK modulation 14

2.3 Energy band diagram 15

2.4 White led 16

2.5 RGB method 17

2.6 Arduino board 20

2.7 Arduino board description 21

3.1 Simulation block diagram 25

3.2 Transmitter block 26

3.3 Noise model 27

3.4 FSO channel 28

3.5 Receiver block 28

3.6 Trans impedance amplifier 29

3.7 Input data 30

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3.8 Pin photodetector output 31

3.9 Low pass bessel filter output 31

3.10 Output data 32

3.11 BER analyzer output 33

3.12 Eye diagram 34

4.1 Symbolic representation and to-220ab 37

package of IRF 540n.
4.2 Photodiode 37

4.3 Led array 39

4.4 Functional level block diagram 40

4.5 Circuit level block diagram 41

4.6 Transmitter block 41

4.7 Receiver block 42

4.8 Serial port monitor output (Arduino) 45

X
 LIST OF TABLES

S.N0 TITLE PAGE NO

3.1 Output for various range parameters 34

3.2 Output for various attenuation 35

Parameters

4.1 List of components 36

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 LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

VLC - Visible Light Communication

LED - Light Emitting Diode
NRZ – Non Return to Zero
OWC- Optical Wireless Communication
RF - Radio Frequency
FSO - Free Space Optics
ADC -Analog to Digital Converter

DAC -Digital to Analog Converter

RF -Radio Frequency

TIA -Trans Impedance Amplifier

OOK -On Off Keying

MIMO -Multiple Input Multiple Output

PPMPWM - Pulse Position Pulse Width Modulation

OLED -Organic LED

PDSM - Pulse Dual Slope Modulation

EM -Electro Magnetic

TTL - Transistor Transistor Logic

WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing

SONET - Synchronous Optical NETwork

BER - Bit Error Rate

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