Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
&KX\rQÿӅ ӭQJOӵF
.ӃWFҩXFҫXErW{QJGӵӭQJOӵF
ĈһW YҩQ ÿӅ
Ph̿n 17әQJTXDQYӅErW{QJGӵӭQJOӵF 7әQJ TXDQ YӅ Nӻ WKXұW Gӵ ӭQJ OӵF Yj
Ph̿n 2.ӃWFҩXYѭӧWQKӏSOӟQEҵQJErW{QJ %7'8/
GӵӭQJOӵF &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋXGQJ
WURQJ%7'8/
0ӝWVӕWjLOLӋXWKDPNKҧR 3KѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
3UHVWUHVVHG&RQFUHWH(1$:<
'HVLJQRI3UHVWUHVVHG&RQFUHWH7/,1 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ NӃW
7KHFDQWLOHYHUFRQVWUXFWLRQRISUHVWUHVVHGFRQFUHWHEULGJHV-DTXHV
0$7+,9$7 FҩX %7'8/
%jLJLҧQJ&KX\rQÿӅ.ӃWFҩXFҫX%rW{QJ'8/9NJ;XkQ+zD
1KӳQJYҩQÿӅOѭXêWURQJWtQKWRiQ 4XLWUuQK4XL
&ѫKӑF
SKҥP
9ұWOLӋX
&{QJQJKӋ
/êWKX\ӃW
7KӵFWLӉQ
ĈһW YҩQ ÿӅ 1rX YҩQ ÿӅ
.KiLQLӋPYӅÿӕLWѭӧQJQJKLrQFӭX 7jL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR
%r W{QJ Gӵ ӭQJ OӵF Yj FҫX EҵQJ Er W{QJ 7ҩWFҧFiFWjLOLӋXWURQJYjQJRjLQѭӟFOLrQTXDQ
Gӵ ӭQJ OӵF ÿӃQErW{QJYj%7'8/
.ӻWKXұWGӵ
ӭQJOӵF 0ӝW Vӕ WjL OLӋX WKDP NKҧR FҫQ ÿӑF
3UHVWUHVVHG &RQFUHWH(1$:<
%7'8/
'HVLJQRI3UHVWUHVVHG &RQFUHWH7/,1
&ҫX %7'8/ %jL JLҧQJ &KX\rQ ÿӅ .ӃW FҩX FҫX %r W{QJ
'8/9NJ ;XkQ +zD
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
1KұQ [pW FKXQJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
9ұW OLӋX GQJ WURQJ Er W{QJ Gӵ ӭQJ OӵF EDR JӗP &iFÿһFWUѭQJFѫKӑFFKtQKFӫDErW{QJFyWKӇ
Er W{QJ JӗP
WKpSFѭӡQJÿӝFDR FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQFKӏXNpRFKӏXFҳW
YjWKpSWKѭӡQJ WURQJÿDVӕWUѭӡQJKӧS
ÿӝFӭQJWKӇKLӋQTXDPRÿXQÿjQKӗL
&iFYұWOLӋXQj\YӅFѫEҧQÿmÿѭӧFÿӅFұSWURQJFiF
P{QKӑFQKѭYұWOLӋX[k\GӵQJNӃWFҩXWKpSNӃWFҩXEr WtQKQӣK{QJ
W{QJFӕWWKpSYY FRQJyW
'ѭӟLÿk\FKӍÿӅFұSVkXYjRFiFÿһFWUѭQJFѫKӑFFy WӯELӃQ
ҧQKKѭӣQJWUӵFWLӃSÿӃQFѫFKӃFKӏXOӵFYjWtQKWRiQ NӃW
FҩX%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ 4XDQKӋѬ6%'ӣPLӅQFKӏXQpQ
/jÿҥLOѭӧQJÿһFWUѭQJFKRFѭӡQJÿӝFӫDErW{QJ
V
&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQSKөWKXӝFYjR
FҩS SKӕLÿһF WtQK FӫD FӕW OLӋX fc
NtFKWKѭӟFYjKuQKGҥQJFӫDPүXWKӱ
0,7fc
WKӡLJLDQYjÿLӅXNLӋQGѭӥQJKӝ
ÿLӅXNLӋQP{LWUѭӡQJ 0,4fc
9ӟLFӕWOLӋXWK{QJWKѭӡQJWKѭӡQJWURQJNKRҧQJ·0SD
%rW{QJGQJWURQJ%7'8/ WKѭӡQJFyFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ
H
t0SD
7URQJWKӵFWӃFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWӯWKtQJKLӋP
QpQPүX OăQJWUөKRһFOұSSKѭѫQJW\WKHRTXLSKҥP
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
4XDQKӋѬ6%'ӣPLӅQFKӏXQpQWW
ĈӕLYӟLErW{QJWKѭӡQJTXDQKӋӭQJVXҩWELӃQGҥQJNKLFKӏXQpQ &ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpR
GӑFWUөFFyWKӇÿѭӧFP{WҧPӝWFiFKNKiLTXiWQKѭVDX &ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRFyWKӇÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWURQJFiFWKtQJKLӋP
9 NKLӭQJVXҩWQpQVFzQQKӓVIF¶TXDQKӋӭQJVXҩWELӃQGҥQJ WKt QJKLӋP NpR WUӵF WLӃS
JҫQQKѭWX\ӃQWtQK WKt QJKLӋP WiFK PүX VSOLWWLQJ
9 NKL V!IF¶TXDQ KӋ ӭQJ VXҩWELӃQ GҥQJ NK{QJ FzQ WX\ӃQ WtQK GR Yj WKt QJKLӋP XӕQ
EҳW ÿҫX [XҩW KLӋQ FiF YӃW QӭW QKӓ ӣPһW WLӃS [~F JLӳD YӳD [LPăQJ
7URQJWKӵFWӃWtQKWRiQQJѭӡLWDWKѭӡQJOҩ\FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpR
Yj FӕW OLӋX OӟQ
WK{QJTXDFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ7KHRTXLWUuQKFӫD8F$6WKu
9 NKLV|IF¶ErW{QJEҳWÿҫXPҩWÿӝFӭQJELӃQGҥQJWăQJQKDQK
FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRWUӵFWLӃSprincipal tensile strength
KѫQ
f ct
f c
9 NKLV IF¶FiFYӃWQӭWVRQJVRQJYӟLKѭӟQJWiFGөQJOӵFÿѭӧFQKuQ
WKҩ\PӝWFiFKU}UӋWYjQJD\VDXÿyErW{QJEӏSKiKRҥLPӝWFiFK FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRNKLXӕQflexual tensile strength
ÿӝWQJӝW
f ct
f c
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXFҳW 0{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL
&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXFҳWUҩWNKy[iFÿӏQK GRUҩWNKy[pWULrQJ
ҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDӭQJVXҩWFҳWYӟLFiFӭQJVXҩWNKiF V
ĈӝQJKLrQJJLӳDÿѭӡQJ
Ĉk\FKtQKOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJOêGRWҥRUDVӵNKiFELӋW WKҷQJQӕLÿLӇPJӕFYӟL
fc
OӟQYӅJLiWUӏFӫDFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXFҳWÿѭӧFJKLWURQJFiF ÿLӇPFyV IF¶FKtQKOj
P{ÿXQÿjQKӗLFiWWX\ӃQ
WjLOLӋX 0,7fc FӫDErW{QJWURQJWtQKWRiQ
7KHRPӝWVӕWjLOLӋXWKuFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXFҳWWKD\ÿәLWӯ JӑLOjP{ÿXQÿjQKӗL
0,4fc
ÿӃQWUrQFѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXQpQ W\WKHRÿLӅX (F ¥IF¶03D
NLӋQFKӏXWҧL
H
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&RQJyW
7tQK Qӣ K{QJ
¾ /jKLӋQWѭӧQJJLҧPWKӇWtFKWURQJYjVDXNKLErW{QJ
ĈһFWtQKQj\ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWK{QJTXDKӋVӕ3RLVVRQX
ÿ{QJFӭQJ
1ӃX'OOjÿӝFRWKHRSKѭѫQJGӑFFӫDPүX'WOjÿӝSKuQK
¾ &iF \ӃX Wӕ WKjQK SKҫQ FӫD FRQJyW
WKHRSKѭѫQJQJDQJWKu
'l &RQJyW ³QӝW WҥL´
't t &RQJyW GRQKLӋW
X l
'l l &RQJyWGREӕFKѫL
t+'t
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&RQJyW WW
&RQJyW QӝL WҥL
&RQJyW WW
1JX\rQ QKkQ9KK 9FRWOLHX 9[P 9QF 4XLOXұW FKXQJH
*Li WUӏ·
&RQJyWGREӕFKѫL
W
1JX\rQQKkQOѭӧQJQѭӟFWKӯDVDXSKҧQӭQJEӕFKѫLUDErQQJRjL QăP
*Li WUӏ·
N͗u sau khi m̓u bê tông ÿã co, ta ngâm l̹i m̓u vào ńͳc thì m̓u cNJng
không hoàn toàn trͷ l̹i th͛ tích ban ÿ̿u cͿa nó.
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
&RQJyW WW
&iF\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQFRQJyW 7ӯELӃQ
¾ <ӃX Wӕ QӝL WҥL Er W{QJ D.KiLQKLӋPFKXQJ
/RҥL[LPăQJ[LPăQJÿ{QJFӭQJQKDQKFRQJyWQKLӅXKѫQ
/jKLӋQWѭӧQJELӃQGҥQJWăQJWKHRWKӡLJLDQNKLӭQJ
7ӹOӋQѭӟF[LPăQJ:&FjQJOӟQWKuFRQJyWFjQJQKLӅX
VXҩWNK{QJÿәL
7ӹOӋFӕWOLӋX&ӕWOLӋXNuPFKӃKLӋQWѭӧQJFRFӫDYӳD[LPăQJGRYұ\Er H
W{QJYӟLKjPOѭӧQJFӕWOLӋXOӟQVӁFRQJyWtWKѫQ
/RҥL FӕW OLӋX0{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL OӟQĈӝ QKiP EӅ PһW OӟQ OjP JLҧP FRQJyW
3Kө JLDQӃX GQJ SKө JLD ÿ{QJ FӭQJ QKDQK FNJQJ NpR WKHR FRQJyW WăQJ
¾ <ӃXWӕKjPOѭӧQJWKpSFRQJyWJLҧPWKHRVӵWăQJKjPOѭӧQJWKpSWURQJ
HFU
ErW{QJ
¾ <ӃXWӕP{LWUѭӡQJ
ĈӝҭPFRQJyWtWNKLÿӝҭPP{LWUѭӡQJFDR
1KLӋWÿӝFRQJyWtWNKLQKLӋWÿӝP{LWUѭӡQJWKҩS HH
W
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ
7ӯELӃQWW 7ӯ ELӃQ WW
D.KiLQKLӋPFKXQJWW D.KiL QKLӋP FKXQJ WW
%LӃQGҥQJWӯELӃQFKӍFyWKӇSKөFKӗLPӝWSKҫQ
H 1ӃXPүXÿѭӧFGӣWҧLVDXPӝWJLDLÿRҥQFKӏXWҧLNpRGjL
WKuVӵSKөFKӗLWӭFWKӡLHHQKӓKѫQELӃQGҥQJWӭFWKӡL
HH GѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫDWҧLWUӑQJHH
7ӯELӃQSKөFKӗL 7LӃS WKHR Vӵ SKөF KӗL WӭF WKӡL Oj ³Wӯ ELӃQ SKөF KӗL´Ĉӝ
OӟQ FӫD ³Wӯ ELӃQ SKөF KӗL´W\ WKXӝF YjR WXәL FӫD Er W{QJ
NKL FKӏX WҧLEr W{QJ NKL FKӏX WҧL FjQJ ³JLj´WKu PӭF ÿӝ
%LӃQGҥQJGѭ SKөF KӗL FjQJ OӟQ
HH
W 3KҫQFzQOҥLNK{QJSKөFKӗLOjELӃQGҥQJGѭ
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDErW{QJ &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJ
7ӯ ELӃQ WW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFѫKӑFFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFy
E6ӵ OLrQ TXDQ JLӳD Wӯ ELӃQ Yj FRQJyW WKӇJӗP
7ӯ ELӃQ Yj FRQJyW Fy OLrQ TXDQ PұW WKLӃW YӟL QKDX Yj ÿӅX Eӏ FKLSKӕL ÿӝ FӭQJ WKӇ KLӋQ TXDPRÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL
EӣL YӱD [LPăQJ7KHRTX\ OXұW FKXQJEr W{QJ tW FRQJyW WKu Wӯ ELӃQ
FNJQJ tW FѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRJLӟLKҥQFKҧ\I\JLӟLKҥQ
7ӯ ELӃQ SKө WKXӝF YjR EӅQIX
± 7KjQKSKҫQFӫDErW{QJ1;ORҥLFӕWOLӋXKjPOѭӧQJFӕWOLӋX
ORҥL;0 1JRjLUDWURQJWKӵFWӃQKӳQJWK{QJWLQFKXQJYӅ
± .tFKWKѭӟFPүX WKpSWKѭӡQJFzQFy
± ĈLӅXNLӋQPӝLWUѭӡQJ &iFK SKkQ ORҥL
± *Li WUӏ WҧL WUӑQJWKӡL JLDQ iS GөQJ WҧL WUӑQJ Yj WXәL FӫD Er W{QJ
NKL FKӏX WҧL .tFKWKѭӟFKuQKKӑF
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJWW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJWW
0RÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL| 0SDFKR ÿD Vӕ ³WKpS PӅP 4XDQKӋӬQJVXҩW± %LӃQGҥQJ
PLOGVWHHO
*LӟL KҥQ FKҧ\ I\7KHR$670
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
*LӟL KҥQ EӅQ IX7KHR$670
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJWW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJ
4XDQ KӋ 86%' FѭӡQJÿӝFDR
¾ 7KpS JUDGHFy WKӅP FKҧ\
D&ҩXWҥRKuQKKӑF
¾ 7KpSFyFѭӡQJÿӝFDRKѫQJUDGHNK{QJFy
WKӅPFKҧ\QrQQJѭӡLWDTXLѭӟFJLӟLKҥQÿjQKӗLOjӭQJ 7KpSFѭӡQJÿӝFDRFyWKӇFyFiFGҥQJ
VXҩWPjWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLQyELӃQGҥQJEҵQJ$&, 6ӧL
¾ 7KpSFyFѭӡQJÿӝFjQJFDRWKuELӃQGҥQJNKLÿӭWFjQJ &ӑQJ WҥRWKjQKWӯFiFVӧL
QKӓ9tGө
7KDQK
JUDGH(tͭng BD khi ÿt b͉ng 20%)
JUDGH
JUDGHQKӓKѫQ
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF
¾ 0RÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL
¾ *LӟL KҥQ FKҧ\ IS\7KHR$670
± 0SD WKpS VӧL
± 0SD± WDRFӑQJÿѭӧFWҥRWKjQKWӯVӧLYjWKDQK /ҩ\EҵQJӭQJVXҩWWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLELӃQGҥQJ
± Ep cͿa cáp th̽p h˿n sͻi do khi kéo các sͻi ÿ́ͻc qu̽n có khuynh EҵQJ ÿӕL YӟL VӧL Yj FӑQJ
h́ͳng th͋ng ra; Ep cͿa thanh th̽p h˿n do có hͻp kim
¾ *LӟL KҥQ EӅQ ISX7KHR$670 EҵQJ ÿӕL YӟL WKDQK
'ҥQJ VӧL &ө WKӇ YӟL 6ӧL
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD *UDGHIS\| 0SD
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD *UDGHIS\| 0SD
'ҥQJ WDR &ӑQJ
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD *UDGHIS\| 0SD
± *UDGHSVL| 0SD
*UDGHIS\| 0SD
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF
7KpS VӧL lo̹i WA 7KpS&ӑQJtao *UDGH
ĈK danh ÿͣnh in. (mm) ĈK danh ÿͣnh Kh̻ năng DT danh ÿͣnh Kh̻ năng chͣu ISX|03D
fpu psi (Mpa) fpy psi (Mpa) in. (mm) chͣu kéo cΉc in.2 (mm2) kéo ͷ bi͗n d̹ng IS\|03D
h̹n lb (kN) 1% lb (kN) IS\ISX§
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF EĈһFWUѭQJFѫKӑF
7KpS &ӑQJ tao *UDGH 7KpS WKDQK *UDGH
ĈK danh ÿͣnh Kh̻ năng DT danh ÿͣnh Kh̻ năng chͣu ISX|
|03D
in. (mm) chͣu kéo cΉc in.2 (mm2) kéo ͷ bi͗n d̹ng ĈK danh ÿͣnh ĈK danh ÿͣnh Kh̻ năng chͣu Kh̻ năng chͣu
IS\|03D
h̹n lb (kN) 1% lb (kN) in. (mm) in. (mm) kéo cΉc h̹n kéo ͷ bi͗n
IS\ISX§
lb (kN) d̹ng 0,7% lb
(kN)
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
F4XDQKӋ86%'
F4XDQ KӋ 86%'
6RViQKYӟLWKpSWKѭӡQJ
6RViQKYӟLWKpSWKѭӡQJ
&ѭӡQJÿӝWKpSFѭӡQJÿӝFDROӟQKѫQWKpSWKѭӡQJ
QKѭQJELӃQGҥQJNKLÿӭWFӫDWKpSFѭӡQJÿӝFDRQKӓ
KѫQWKpSWKѭӡQJ
Ví dͽ sͻi grade 250 có fpu=1725MPa g̽p kho̻ng 4 l̿n
lo̹i thép th́͵ng grade 40 nh́ng bi͗n d̹ng khi ÿt cͿa
sͻi grade 250 ch͡ b͉ng 1/3 lo̹i thép th́͵ng grade 40
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX &iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDYұWOLӋX
GQJWURQJ%7'8/ GQJWURQJ%7'8/
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
G&KQJ QKmR
&iFÿһFWUѭQJFKtQKFӫDWKpSWKѭӡQJFѭӡQJÿӝFDRWW
ĈӏQKQJKƭD/jKLӋQWѭӧQJӭQJ VXҩW JLҧPWKHRWKӡLJLDQ NKLELӃQ G&KQJQKmR
GҥQJNK{QJÿәL
+Ӌ TXҧ*LҧP 86WURQJ WKpS NpR FăQJ
Ĉӝ OӟQW\ WKXӝF YjR
ORҥL WKpS
WKӡL JLDQ iS GөQJ WҧL WUӑQJ
JLi WUӏ FӫD 86EDQÿҫX
4XLOXұWFӫDFKQJQKmRÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWUrQELӇXÿӗWәQJNӃWWӯWKӵF
QJKLӋPYjFyWKӇÿѭӧFYLӃWGѭӟLGҥQJELӇXWKӭF
fp ORJt § fpi ·
¨ ¸ ISLIS\t
fpi ¨© fpy ¸
¹
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
&ăQJWURQJErW{QJ &ăQJWURQJErW{QJ
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJ 7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJ
WUѭӟF´ WUѭӟF´WW
¾ 1ӝL GXQJ 7UuQK Wӵ WKӵF KLӋQ
&iSÿѭӧFFăQJÿӃQ86WKLӃWNӃYjÿѭӧFJLӳEҵQJQHR &KXҭQ Eӏ ÿi\ NKX{Q
WҥPWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ %ӕWUtWKpSWKѭӡQJ
6DXNKLErW{QJÿӫFѭӡQJÿӝWKuFKROӵFWURQJFiS %ӕ WUt FiS '8/
WUX\ӅQYjRErW{QJFҳWFiSWKӯD &ăQJ Yj QHRFiS
Ĉә Er W{QJ
¾ <rX FҫX
'ѭӥQJKӝErW{QJ
ĈӇWKӵFKLӋQYLӋFFăQJYjJLӳWҥPFiSWDFҫQSKҧLFy .KLErW{QJÿҥW;FѭӡQJÿӝWKLӃWNӃ; WKHRTiêu Chún Xây
FiFEӋQHRFyNKҧQăQJJLӳÿѭӧFOӵFFăQJOӟQ DΉng Vi͟t Nam TCXDVN 389:2007GR%ӝ;k\'ӵQJEDQKjQKWKHR
4ĈVӕ4Ĉ%;'QJj\WKu[ҧNtFKFҳWFiSWKӯDWUX\ӅQOӵF
YjRErW{QJ
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
&ăQJWURQJErW{QJ &ăQJWURQJErW{QJ
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJ 7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJ
WUѭӟF´WW WUѭӟF´WW
6ѫÿӗQJX\rQWҳF ¾ &iFSKѭѫQJiQEӕWUtFiS
7KҷQJ
*ҩS NK~F
9ұQ GөQJ YjR WKӵF WӃ
¾ &iFK ÿLӅX FKӍQK QӝL OӵF GR'8/Jk\ UD
0ӝW Vӕ GҥQJ өQHR &iS WKҷQJ
7KD\ÿәLKѭӟQJFiSFKRFҩXNLӋQOӟQ WKD\ ÿәL OӵF '8/EҵQJ FiFK Y{ KLӋX KyD PӝW Vӕ ÿRҥQ FiS
&iFK FKӃ WҥR ÿӗQJ WKӡL QKLӅX FҩX NLӋQ WKD\ ÿәL ÿӝ OӋFK WkP
&iS JҩS NK~F
WKD\ ÿәL ÿӝ QJKLrQJ
WKD\ ÿәL ÿӝ OӋFK WkP
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
&ăQJWURQJErW{QJ &ăQJWURQJErW{QJ
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJWUѭӟFNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJ 7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJVDXNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJVDX´
WUѭӟF´WW 1ӝL GXQJ
¾ ѬXQKѭӧFÿLӇP ĈәErW{QJÿӇWҥRFҩXNLӋQKRһFPӝWSKҫQFҩXNLӋQWUѭӟF
i ѬX WURQJNKLWҥRFҩXNLӋQFyEӕWUtӕQJÿӇOXӗQJFiSKRһFEӕWUtFiS
5ҧL FiSFăQJ FiS GӉ GjQJ
VҹQWURQJFiFӕQJQKѭQJFKѭDFăQJ
&iSÿѭӧFEҧRYӋWӕW 'ѭӥQJKӝErW{QJ
1HRFiS ÿҧP EҧR 6DXNKLErW{QJÿҥW;FѭӡQJÿӝWKLӃWNӃ; WKHRTiêu
i 1KѭӧF Chún Xây DΉng Vi͟t Nam TCXDVN 389:2007GR%ӝ;k\
3KҧL Fy EӋ FăQJ SK KӧS 'ӵQJEDQKjQKWKHR4ĈVӕ4Ĉ%;'QJj\WKu
FăQJFiS
+uQK GҥQJ FӫD WX\ӃQ FiS Eӏ KҥQ FKӃ FKӍ Fy WKӇ WKҷQJ KRһF JҩS NK~F
&ҩXNLӋQFyNtFKWKѭӟFKҥQFKӃGRNKҧQăQJYұQFKX\ӇQYjFҭX /ӵFFăQJÿѭӧFWUX\ӅQWUӵFWLӃSYjRErW{QJ&iSÿѭӧFQHR
OҳS EҵQJFiFQHRQJRjL
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
&ăQJWURQJErW{QJ &ăQJWURQJErW{QJ
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJVDXNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJVDX´WW 7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJVDXNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJVDX´WW
7UuQK Wӵ WKӵF KLӋQ 6ѫÿӗQJX\rQWҳF
&KXҭQ Eӏ ÿi\ NKX{Q
%ӕWUtWKpSWKѭӡQJ
ĈһW ӕQJ KRһF UҧL FiS '8/
*KpS FiF WKjQK NKX{Q
9ұQ GөQJ YjR WKӵF WӃ
Ĉә Er W{QJ
5ҧLFiSWUѭӟFFKӯDӕQJÿӇOXӗQJFiSVDX
'ѭӥQJKӝErW{QJFKRÿӃQNKLÿҥW;FѭӡQJÿӝWKLӃWNӃ
; WKHRTiêu Chún Xây DΉng Vi͟t Nam TCXDVN &ăQJ WKHR TXi WUuQK KuQK WKjQK NӃW FҩX
389:2007WKHR4ĈVӕ4Ĉ%;'QJj\
/XӗQFiSQӃXFKѭDUҧLFiSWUѭӟFFăQJYjQHRFiS
%ѫPFKҩWEҧRYӋFiSYjRӕQJFKӭDFiS
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
&ăQJWURQJErW{QJ &ăQJ QJRjL WLӃW GLӋQ Er W{QJ
¾ .KiL QLӋP FăQJ QJRjL
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJVDXNKLÿәErW{QJ³FăQJVDX´WW
&iSÿѭӧFEӕWUtErQQJRjLWLӃWGLӋQErW{QJ
ѬX1KѭӧFÿLӇP ¾ 1KӳQJ ÿһF ÿLӇP FӫD NӃW FҩX FăQJ QJRjL
ѬX &ăQJQJRjLWKӵFFKҩWOjPӝWGҥQJFӫDFăQJVDXQrQWUѭӟFKӃWQyFNJQJFy
QKLӅXÿһFÿLӇPWѭѫQJWӵQKѭSKѭѫQJSKiSFăQJVDX
.K{QJ FҫQ EӋ ÿ~F 1JRjLUDGRFiSÿѭӧFEӕWUtErQQJRjLKD\FKӫ\ӃXErQQJRjLWLӃWGLӋQQrQ
7X\ӃQ FiS Fy WKӇ Fy GҥQJ EҩW NǤ WX\ӃQFiSFyGҥQJWKҷQJKRһFJҩSNK~F
&iFөQHRYjFiFөFKX\ӇQKѭӟQJOjQѫLGӉ[XҩWKLӋQFiFYӃWQӭW«
&yWKӇӭQJGөQJQKӳQJF{QJQJKӋWKLF{QJWLrQWLӃQQKѭ
7URQJFҩXNLӋQFăQJQJRjLYDLWUzFӫDFiSFKӍQKѭOj³OӵFWiFGөQJ´Pj
F{QJQJKӋÿ~FOҳSKүQJÿӇWҥRUDQKӳQJFҩXNLӋQFyNtFK NK{QJFyYDLWUzYұWOLӋXGRELӃQGҥQJFӫDErW{QJYjFiSNK{QJÿӗQJWKӡL
WKѭӟFUҩWOӟQ 'RFiSÿһWErQQJRjLQrQFyWKӇEӏGDRÿӝQJWK{QJWKѭӡQJQJѭӡLWDSKҧL
KҥQFKӃFKLӅXGjLWӵGRFӫDFiSÿӇJLҧPWKLӇXGDRÿӝQJFӫDQy
1KѭӧF
¾ ӬQJ GөQJ Nӻ WKXұW FăQJ QJRjL
ĈӝWLQFұ\FӫDYLӋFEҧRYӋFiSWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLSKѭѫQJ ;k\ GӵQJ F{QJ WUuQK PӟL
iQFăQJWUѭӟF *LD Fӕ F{QJ WUuQK FNJ
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRGӵӭQJOӵF
SSFăQJ SSFăQJ
.LӇPWUDWURQJWKLF{QJ 7LӇXOXұQEiRFiRPӝWVӕYҩQÿӅWURQJNӃWFҩX%7'8/
.LӇP WUD NӃW TXҧ FăQJ FiS
7KHRG}LOӵFFăQJYjÿӝGmQGjLWѭѫQJӭQJQKҵPSKiWKLӋQQKӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJEҩW
WKѭӡQJQKѭÿӭWFiSWXӝWQHRYY« &iFKFKӃWҥROҳSGӵQJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQFѫFKӃFKӏXOӵF
.LӇP WUD YLӋF SKXQ YӳD FӫDNӃWFҩXEҵQJ%7'8/QKѭWKӃQjR"
Mͽc ÿích cͿa vi͟c phun v·aEҧRYӋWKpSYjWURQJPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJKӧSWҥROLrQNӃWJLӳD
WKpSYjErW{QJ
7KpSFѭӡQJÿӝFDRSKkQORҥLYjFiFKWKӭFiSGөQJWURQJ
Thành ph̿n v·a9ӳDWKѭӡQJGQJOjYӳD[LPăQJYӟLWKjQKSKҫQOj[LPăQJQѭӟF NӃWFҩX%7'8/"
SKөJLDSKөJLDWăQJGӁRSKөJLDFKұPQLQKNӃW
Nh·ng tính ch̽t chͿ y͗u cͿa v·a
0ӝWVӕYҩQÿӅWURQJSKѭѫQJSKiSWKLF{QJҧQKKѭӣQJFѫ
ĈӝәQÿӏQKOѭӧQJQѭӟFQәLOrQWUrQEӅPһWFӫDYӳDVDXJLӡSKҧLQKӓKѫQKD\ FKӃFKӏXOӵFFӫD%7'8/"
EҵQJWKӇWtFKYӳDYjOѭӧQJQѭӟFQj\SKҧLÿѭӧFK~WOҥLKRjQWRjQVDX
JLӡ
Ĉӝ OӓQJ
&ѭӡQJÿӝFKӏXNpRNKLXӕQӣQJj\!03DFKӏXQpQӣQJj\!03D
Nh·ng nͱi dung c̿n ki͛m tra
.LӇP WUD WtQK FKҩW FӫD YӳD
.LӇP WUD NӃW TXҧ SKXQ OҳS ÿҫ\ ӕQJ FiS KD\NK{QJ
*LӟL WKLӋX PӝW KD\PӝW Vӕ F{QJ WUuQK ӭQJ GөQJ '8/Pj EҥQ
WKҩ\ WkP ÿҳF
7URQJ WKӵF WӃ
%LӃW .LӇPWUD
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
1KӳQJYҩQÿӅFѫEҧQ 1KӳQJYҩQÿӅFѫEҧQ
&iF \ӃX Wӕ WKDP JLD YjR TXi WUuQK WtQK WRiQ WKLӃW NӃ &iFEѭӟFFKӏXWҧLFӫDNӃWFҩX%7'8/
'RVӵSKөWKXӝFOүQQKDXFӫDQKLӅXWK{QJVӕQrQWK{QJ /ӵF FăQJ WURQJ FiS3M 3L3H
WKѭӡQJTXiWUuQKWKLӃWNӃOjTXiWUuQKOһS 3
JLҧ WKLӃW WLӃW GLӋQ
WtQK WRiQ QӝL OӵF 3L
3H
NLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ
ÿLӅX FKӍQK OҥL WLӃW GLӋQ
+ӧSOê
1/ .77' .7
&KӑQ7'
W
&KѭDKӧSOê
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
1KӳQJYҩQÿӅFѫEҧQ 7әQJ TXiW YӅ TXi WUuQK WtQK WRiQ
&iFEѭӟFFKӏXWҧLFӫDNӃWFҩX%7'8/ /ӏFKVӱKuQKWKjQKYjFKӏX
OӵFFӫDNӃWFҩX
&iFEѭӟFFKӏXWҧL
7tQKWRiQ
/ӵFFӫD'8/YjFiFWҧL
77 *LDL ÿRҥQ FKӏX OӵF Ghi chú QӝLOӵF WUӑQJWiFGөQJ
3L 3L ± OӵFFăQJ'8/EDQÿҫX 7KѭӡQJ 7KD\ ĈһF
QJD\NKLWUX\ӅQY{Er W{QJ [X\rQ ÿәL ELӋW
*ÿ SKi
&iFJLDLÿRҥQ KRҥL
3L3 3 ± WUӑQJOѭӧQJEҧQWKkQFӫD
WtQKWRiQ *ÿVӱGөQJ
FҩXNLӋQ
.LӇPWUDWLӃW
3L3 3G 3G ± FiF WƭQK WҧL NKiF 0{KuQK
GLӋQ YұWOLӋX
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7әQJ TXiW YӅ TXi WUuQK WtQK WRiQ 7әQJ TXiW YӅ TXi WUuQK WtQK WRiQ
1KӳQJ ÿLӇP FҫQ TXDQ WkP NKL WtQK WRiQ QӝL OӵF 7yP WҳW QӝL GXQJNLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ Yj QKӳQJ ÿLӇP
FҫQ TXDQ WkP NKL NLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ
3KҧL[pWÿӃQTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKYjFKӏXOӵFFӫDNӃW
FҩX7K{QJWKѭӡQJNӃWFҩXKuQKWKjQKWKHRQKLӅXJLDL 7yP WҳW QӝL GXQJNLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ
ÿRҥQQrQ .LӇPWUDFѭӡQJÿӝ
6ѫÿӗNӃWFҩXFyWKӇWKD\ÿәLWӯJLDLÿRҥQQj\VDQJJLDL .LӇP WUD әQ ÿӏQK FKӕQJ QӭW
ÿRҥQNKiF .LӇP WUD ÿӝ Y}QJ
/ӵF WiF GөQJ WURQJ WӯQJ JLDL ÿRҥQ Fy WKӇ NKiF QKDX
/ӵF FӫD '8/Oj PӝW \ӃX Wӕ Jk\ QӝL OӵF/ӵF FӫD '8/
WKD\ ÿәL WKHR WKӡL JLDQ
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7KHR32/,9$129
7әQJ TXiW YӅ TXi WUuQK WtQK WRiQ 'ҥQJ NӃW FҩX *LDL ÿRҥQ WtQK WRiQ 7LӃWGLӋQÿѭӧF[pW &iFÿһFWUѭQJKuQKKӑF
7yP WҳW QӝL GXQJNLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ Yj QKӳQJ ÿLӇP
7'QJX\rQFăQJWUѭӟF 7RjQ Eӝ 7' )Wÿ7Wÿ
FҫQ TXDQ WkP NKL NLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ
1KӳQJ ÿLӇP FҫQ TXDQ WkP NKL NLӇP WUD WLӃW GLӋQ 7'OLrQKӧSFăQJWUѭӟF *LDL ÿRҥQ 7KkQGҫPFKѭDNӇEҧQ )Wÿ7Wÿ
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7әQJTXiWYӅTXiWUuQKWtQKWRiQ 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
7yPWҳWQӝLGXQJNLӇPWUDWLӃWGLӋQYjQKӳQJÿLӇP 6ӵ FҫQ WKLӃW SKҧL WtQK PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
FҫQTXDQWkPNKLNLӇPWUDWLӃWGLӋQ /ӵFFӫDWKpSNpRFăQJWҥRUDWUҥQJWKiLӭQJVXҩWWURQJ
1KӳQJÿLӇPFҫQTXDQWkPNKLNLӇPWUDWLӃWGLӋQ ErW{QJVDRFKRWҥLPӑLO~FPӑLQѫLELӇXWKӭF
ĈһFWUѭQJKuQKKӑFFyWKӇWKD\ÿәLWKHRWӯQJJLDLÿRҥQ ÿѭӧFWKӓD >ı @ >ı @'8/ >ı @77 d >ı @&3
ӬQJVXҩWWURQJWKpS'8/WKD\ÿәLGRPҩWPiW86 ĈӇELӃW>ı@'8/ WҥL YӏWUtWKӡLÿLӇPFҫQSKҧLELӃWӭQJVXҩW
FăQJWѭѫQJӭQJWҥLYӏWUtÿyYjWҥLWKӡLÿLӇPÿy
;iF ÿӏQK PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW WҥL Yӏ WUt ÿy Yj WKӡL ÿLӇP ÿy
VRYӟL Yӏ WUt NpR FăQJ Yj WҥL WKӡL ÿLӇP NpR FăQJ
1JRjLUDFiSFNJQJFyYDLWUzQKѭOjYұWOLӋXGRYұ\
FNJQJFҫQSKҧLELӃWӭQJVXҩWWURQJFiSQKҵPNLӇPWUDÿӝ
EӅQFӫDFiSNKLFKӏXWKrPWҧLWUӑQJQJRjL
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
1KӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJJk\PҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW
0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRPDViW
7URQJVӕQKӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJJk\PҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWWURQJWKpSNpR
FăQJFyQKӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJGLӇQUDYjNӃWWK~FWӭFWKӡLQJD\VDXNKL a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽tNKLWKpSGӏFKFKX\ӇQ
WUX\ӅQOӵFFăQJYjRErW{QJhi͟n t́ͻng không phͽ thuͱc th͵i gian WѭѫQJÿӕLVRYӟLWKjQKӕQJFKӭDQyFăQJVDXKD\VRYӟL
QKѭQJFNJQJFyQKӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJNpRGjLWKHRWKӡLJLDQhi͟n t́ͻng WKLӃWEӏQHRFKX\ӇQKѭӟQJFăQJWUѭӟFQrQ[ҧ\UDPDViW
phͽ thuͱc th͵i gian OjPPҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW
1KӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJNK{QJSKөWKXӝFWKӡLJLDQ
b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWWӯYӏWUtNpR
0DViW
FăQJÿӃQYӏWUtNKҧRViWEDRJӗP
7UѭӧWӣQHR
&RQJҳQ ÿjQ KӗL PҩW PiW GRPDViW JLӳD WKpS Yj WKjQK ӕQJ GӑF WKHR
FKLӅX GjL FӫD WKpS NpR FăQJ
1KӳQJKLӋQWѭӧQJSKөWKXӝFWKӡLJLDQ PҩWPiWGRWKpSEӏFKX\ӇQKѭӟQJ
&RQJyW FӫD Er W{QJ
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
7ӯ ELӃQ FӫD Er W{QJ
&KQJ QKmR FӫD WKpS
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRPDViW 0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRWUѭӧWӣQHR
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽t7UѭӟFNKLEӏQHRJLӳFKһW
7UѭӡQJKӧSFăQJVDX WKpSVӁWUѭӧWWѭѫQJÿӕLYӟLQHROjPWKpSFKQJ
PDKL b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc1ӃXJtDWUӏFӫDNKRҧQWUѭӧW
WURQJ ÿy FR f e
Qj\Ojǻ/WKuELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKVӁOj ǻ//Vͳi L là
I ӭQJ VXҩW NpR FăQJ ӣÿҫX FKӫ ÿӝQJ
chi͙u dài bͣ ̻nh h́ͷng bͷi hi͟n t́ͻng tŕͻt neo
D WәQJJyFFKX\ӇQKѭӟQJWtQKEҵQJUDGLDQ
/NKRҧQJ FiFK Wӯ ÿҫX FKӫ ÿӝQJ ÿӃQ Yӏ WUt WtQK WRiQ
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
KӋVӕ[pWÿӃQPDViWGRVӵFKX\ӇQKѭӟQJ
.KӋ Vӕ PDViW GRVӵ WLӃS [~F QJүX QKLrQ GӑF WKHR FKLӅX GjL
FiS
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQKWRiQPҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW
0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRWUѭӧWӣQHR 0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRFRQJҳQÿjQKӗL
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽t.KLWKpSNpRFăQJWUX\ӅQ
'L E S OӵFYjRErW{QJErW{QJFROҥLGRWKpSÿmÿѭӧFQHRFKһW
ANC YjRErW{QJQrQWKpSNpRFăQJFNJQJFRWKHROjPJLҧPӭQJ
9ӟL L
VXҩWWURQJWKpS
'/Fy JLi WUӏ WUXQJ EuQK Wӯ NKRҧQJ LQPP LQ
b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWVӁEҵQJELӃQ
PP
GҥQJWUXQJEuQKGӑFWUөF QKkQYӟLP{ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫD
/FKLӅX GjL WKpS NpR FăQJ WKpS9ӟLELӃQGҥQJWUXQJEuQKGӑFWUөFEҵQJOӵFGӑFWUөF
FKLDFKRWLӃWGLӋQ
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQKWRiQPҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW
0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRFRQJyWFӫDErW{QJ
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽t.KLErW{QJEӏFROҥLGR
0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRFRQJҳQ ÿjQ KӗL KLӋQWѭӧQJFRQJyWVDXNKLWKpSÿmÿѭӧFNpRFăQJYjQHR
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc F Fi FKһWYjRErW{QJWKuWKpSNpRFăQJFNJQJFRWKHROjPJLҧP
9ӟL ES ES G ES i n ӭQJVXҩWWURQJWKpS
AC EC AC
b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRFRQJyW
)L /ӵF FiS QJD\ VDX NKL WUX\ӅQ YjR Er W{QJ [iF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧFWtQKEҵQJELӃQGҥQJFzQOҥLVDXNKLWUX\ӅQ'8/YjR
PӝW FiFK JҫQ ÿ~QJ ErW{QJ QKkQYӟLP{ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫDWKpS
&NJQJ Fy WKӇ WKD\ $& WURQJ F{QJ WKӭF WUrQ EҵQJ $WYӟL c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
$W $&Q$6
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRFRQJyW FӫD Er W{QJ
0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRFRQJyW FӫD Er W{QJ
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc § V·
SH ¨ ¸ RH uES uKsh
7URQJ ÿy © S¹
§
V·
HVK ā96ā5+ELӃQ GҥQJ FRQJyW FӫD FҩX
SH ¨ ¸ RH uES uKsh
© S¹ NLӋQ9ӟL āJLi WUӏ FRQJyW WtQK WRiQ GR9LӋQ %7'8/0ӻ ÿӅ
9ӟL [XҩWJLi WUӏ WLrX FKXҭQ FӵF ÿҥL WKHR $&,Oj ā
)L /ӵF FiS QJD\ VDX NKL WUX\ӅQ YjR Er W{QJ [iF ÿӏQK PӝW FiFK JҫQ 96WKӇWtQKWUrQGLӋQWtFKEӅPһWFҩXNLӋQ5+ÿӝҭPWѭѫQJÿӕL
ÿ~QJ (6P{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL FӫD WKpS
&NJQJ Fy WKӇ WKD\ $& WURQJ F{QJ WKӭF WUrQ EҵQJ $WYӟL $W $&Q$6 .VKKӋVӕ[pWÿӃQYLӋFFRQJyWÿmGLӉQUDWUѭӟFNKLiSGөQJ'8/
FăQJVDX
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7KӡLJLDQ
7tQKWRiQPҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW
NӃWWK~F 0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRWӯELӃQFӫDErW{QJ
GѭӥQJKӝ a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽t7ѭѫQJWӵQKѭKLӋQWѭӧQJ
ÿӃQO~FiS
GөQJ'8/
FRQJyWNKLErW{QJEӏFROҥLGѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫDWҧLWUӑQJGjL
QJj\ KҥQWKuWKpSNpRFăQJFNJQJFRWKHROjPJLҧPӭQJVXҩW
WURQJWKpS
.VK b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRWӯELӃQ
ÿѭӧFWtQKEҵQJELӃQGҥQJGRKLӋQWѭӧQJWӯELӃQFӫDEr
W{QJ QKkQYӟLP{ÿXQÿjQKӗLFӫDWKpS
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
1KұQ[pW*LiWUӏPҩWPiW86GRFRQJyWWtQKWKHR
F{QJWKӭFWUrQOjJLiWUӏFXӕLFQJӣW f
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRWӯ ELӃQ FӫD Er W{QJ 0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRWӯ ELӃQ FӫD Er W{QJ
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
E $&,$6&(ÿӅ QJKӏ F{QJ WKӭF
' f pCR C t S f cs
Ec
9ӟL ES
CR K cr f cir f cds
IFV 86WURQJ Er W{QJ ӣYӏ WUt WUӑQJ WkP FӕW WKpS do nhi͙u Ec
9ӟL
y͗u tͩ
.FU YӟLFҩXNLӋQFăQJWUѭӟF YӟLFҩXNLӋQFăQJVDX
(VP{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL FӫD WKpS IFLU 86WURQJ Er W{QJ ӣYӏ WUt WUӑQJ WkP FӕW WKpS QJD\ VDX NKL WUX\ӅQ
(FP{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL FӫD Er W{QJ ӣQJj\ WXәL t OӵF do DUL và trͥng b̻n thân c̽u ki͟n
Ct Cu IFGV 86WURQJErW{QJӣYӏWUtWUӑQJWkPFӕWWKpSJk\UDGRWҩWFҧ
&WKӋ Vӕ Wӯ ELӃQ WҥL WKӡL
H
ÿLӇP W9ӟL t
CR FiFWƭQKWҧLWiFGөQJVDXNKLFҩXNLӋQÿѭӧF'8/
Cu
H EL (VP{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL FӫD WKpS
7URQJ ÿy&XKӋ Gӕ Wӯ ELӃQ FӵF KҥQ XOWLPDWHFUHHS (FP{ ÿXQ ÿjQ KӗL FӫD Er W{QJ ӣQJj\ WXәL
FRHIILFLHQW
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQKWRiQPҩWPiWӭQJVXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRFKQJQKmRFӫDWKpS 0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRFKQJ QKmR FӫD WKpS
a. C˿ ch͗ gây m̽t mát ng su̽tĈk\OjKLӋQWѭӧQJJk\ c. Mͱt sͩ công thc
PҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWPӝWFiFKWUӵFWLӃS 4XLOXұWFӫDFKQJQKmRÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQWUrQELӇXÿӗ
b. C˿ sͷ xác lͅp công thc0ҩWPiWӭQJVXҩWGRFKQJ WәQJNӃWWӯWKӵFQJKLӋPYjFyWKӇÿѭӧFYLӃWGѭӟL
QKmRFӫDWKpSÿѭӧFWtQKEҵQJFiFKQKkQӭQJVXҩWNpR GҥQJELӇXWKӭF f p ORJt § f pi · I I t
¨ ¸ SL S\
FăQJ YӟLPӝWKӋVӕ f pi ¨© f py ¸
¹
ª ORJ t § f pi ·º ORJ t §¨ f pi ·
fp f pi f pi « ¨ ¸ » f pi f p f pi ¸
¨ f ¸» ¨
© f py ¸
«¬ © py ¹¼ ¹
± 9ӟL
± IS86FzQ OҥL WURQJ WKpS WҥL WKӡL ÿLӇP WVDX NKL ÿm
WUӯ ÿL PҩW PiW GRFKQJ QKmR
1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ 1KӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ FKtQK WURQJ WtQK WRiQ
NӃW FҩX %7'8/ NӃW FҩX %7'8/
7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW 7tQK WRiQ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
0ҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW GRFKQJ QKmR FӫD WKpS 6ӕ OLӋX FKXQJ YӅ JLi WUӏ PҩW PiW ӭQJ VXҩW
c. Mͱt sͩ công thc ACI-ASCE (1958) khuy͗n cáo r͉ng tͭng m̽t mát US do
ORJ t § f pi ·
RE f pi ¨ ¸ &RQJҳQ ÿjQ KӗL
¨ f ¸
9ӟL © py ¹
7ӯ ELӃQ
ISL Oj 86WURQJ WKpS ÿã tr ÿi các m̽t mát do co ng͇n ÿàn hͫi, do mͱt
ph̿n cͿa co ngót và t bi͗n
&RQJyW
ĈӇJLҧPPҩWPiWGRFKQJQKmRQJѭӡLWDFyWKӇGQJWKpSFKQJQKmR 9j FKQJ QKmR WKpS NK{QJNӇGRPDViWYjWUѭӧWӣQHRÿӕLYӟLEr
WKҩSlow-relaxation steelÿѭӧFWҥREҵQJFiFKNpRFăQJÿӃQJLӟLKҥQ W{QJEuQKWKѭӡQJOj
SKiKRҥLISXUӗLJLӳQyWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJQKLӋWÿӝWӯ &ÿӃQ & 1PP |.*FPÿӕLYӟLGҫPFăQJWUѭӟF
QKҵPWҥRFKRQyPӝWÿӝGmQGjLYƭQKYLӉQpermanent elongation
1PP |.*FPÿӕL YӟL GҫP FăQJ VDX
7KpSFyÿӝFKQJQKmRWKҩSVӁFyPҩWPiW86GRFKQJQKmRWKҩSKѫQ
VRYӟLWKpSWKѭӡQJNKRҧQJ9ӟLWKpSFyÿӝFKQJQKmRWKҩSF{QJ AASHTO (1975) tͭng m̽t mát US không k͛ do ma sát:
WKӭFWtQKPҩWPiW86GRFKQJQKmRÿѭӧFÿLӅXFKӍQKOҥLQKѭVDX ĈӕLYӟLFӑQJFăQJWUѭӟF 1PP
· ĈӕL YӟL VӧL Yj FӑQJ FăQJ VDX 1PP
ORJ t §¨ f pi ¸
RE f pi ĈӕL YӟL WKDQK FăQJ VDX 1PP
¨ f ¸
© py ¹