1.

Acute pain (backache, leg cramps, breast tenderness) r/t

physiologic changes of pregnancy
Nursing Interventions
1. Teach the woman to use good body mechanics – wear
comfortable, low-heeled shoes with good arch support, try to
use of a maternity girdle.
2. Instruct the woman in the technique for pelvic rocking exercises
3. Encourage the woman to take rest periods with her legs elevated
4. Inform the woman that adequate calcium intake may decrease
leg cramps
5. Instruct the woman to dorsiflex the foot while applying pressure
to the knee to straighten the leg for immediate relief of leg
cramps
6. Instruct the woman to wear a fitted, supportive brassiere
7. Instruct the woman to wash her breasts and nipples with water
only
8. Instruct the woman to apply vitamin E or lanolin cream to the
breast and nipple area. Lanolin is contraindicated for woman
with allergies to lamb’s wool

2. Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements r/t morning

sickness/heart burn/lack of knowledge of requirements in
pregnancy
Nursing Interventions
1. Encourage the woman to eat low-fat protein foods and dry
CHOs, such as toast and crackers.
2. Encourage the woman to eat small and frequent meals
3. Advice the woman to eat slowly
4. Instruct the woman to avoid brushing her teeth soon after eating
5. Instruct the woman to get out of her bed slowly
 6. Encourage to drink soups and liquids between meals to avoid
stomach distention and dehydration
7. Instruct the woman in the use of antacids; caution against the
use of sodium bicarbonate because it results in the absorption
of excess sodium and fluid retention
8. Instruct the woman to avoid offensive foods or cooking odours
that may trigger nausea
9. Encourage the woman to eat few bites of a soda cracker or dry
toast before getting out of bed in the morning
10. Teach the woman the importance of good nutrition for
herself and her fetus – seven servings of protein rich foods
including one serving of vegetable protein, three servings dairy
products or calcium rich foods
11. Recommended dietary reference intakes for pregnant
woman
12. Inform the woman that average weight gain in pregnancy
is 11 to 16 kg
13. Advise to limit the use limit of caffeine
14. Advise to limit or eliminate the intake of alcohol
15. Inform to eliminate smoking – risk of spontaneous abortion
16. Inform the woman regarding ingestion of any drug during
pregnancy would affect fetal growth.
Impaired urinary elimination (frequency) r/t increased pressure
from the uterus
Constipation r/t physiologic changes of pregnancy/ pressure from
uterus
Impaired tissue integrity r/t pressure from the uterus / increased
blood volume
Anxiety / fear r/t birth process/infant care
Ineffective role performance r/t demands of pregnancy
Activity intolerance r/t physiologic changes of pregnancy and
enlarging uterus