ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF HOUSING AND RESILIENCE

DEVELOPMENT

BY GROUP TWO :

MUHAMMAD IKBAL FADLI (60800116002)

SYEIKHA FEBRIANTI (608001160

FAWUZIAH (60800116022)

WIWIK BUDIARTI(60800116024)

NURASMANIAR JASMAN (608001160

RIFALDO (60800116050)

MUHAMMAD FADLU RAHMAN (608001160

SYRUNI KHAIRUNISA (608001160

MAKASSAR ALAUDDIN ISLAMIC STATE UNIVERSITY

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

PLANOLOGY
ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF HOUSING AND RESILIENCE DEVELOPMENT

Development of settlements both in urban and rural areas in essence to realize the
conditions of urban and rural habitable (livible), safe, comfortable, peaceful and
prosperous and sustainable. Settlement is one of the basic human needs. The government
is obliged to provide access to the community to obtain settlements that are habitable,
prosperous, cultured, and socially just. The development of these settlements includes the
development of urban basic infrastructure and facilities, the development of affordable
settlements, especially for low-income communities, land management processes, urban
economic development, and the creation of socio-cultural in urban areas. Housing as one
of the basic needs, until now mostly provided independently by the community either
build themselves or rent to other parties. The main obstacles facing the community are
generally the affordability of home financing. On the other hand, home mortgage loans
from banks require a variety of requirements that not every party can get easily and
interest rates are not cheap. Issues of Housing Development and Settlements on current
issues of settlement development are: differences in opportunities between development
actors shown by inequality in infrastructure services, urban services, housing and space
for business opportunities; Conflicts of interest caused by policies favoring a group in
housing and settlement development; The inappropriate allocation of land and space due
to land and housing markets that tend to influence the spatial layout so that it implies the
allocation of land and space that are inconsistent with other development objectives and
the ecological condition of the region concerned; Serious environmental problems occur
in areas experiencing high levels of urbanization and industrialization, and exploitation of
natural resources; Local communities are marginalized due to development orientation
focused on target pursuits through new development projects, open market oriented and
to capable and profitable communities. Urbanization in the fast growing region as a
challenge for governments to positively strive for more equitable growth; The
uncontrolled development of areas that have the potential to grow by ignoring other
sectors such as the agricultural sector, this has resulted in a higher transfer of wet land.
Ironically, the transfer of functions occurs in sustainable rice fields, with relatively flat /
sloping locations suitable for settlement or industrial / trade development; And
marginalization of the local sector by national and global sectors.

Housing and Settlement Development Issues The housing and settlement issues
are a major issue that has always received more attention from the government. Housing
and settlement problems are an ongoing and even increasing problem, in tandem with
population growth, population dynamics and growing socio-economic demands. Housing
and Settlement Issues in Indonesia The urban deficiencies with appropriate urban
planning and management systems, in anticipation of population growth with a variety of
motives and diversity, are likely to be the main causes that trigger housing and settlement
problems. Simply this housing and settlement problem is the incompatibility of the
number of shelters available when compared to the needs and the number of people who
will occupy them. But what if we look more deeply, the main issues in housing and
settlement is actually (source: House For All People,( Ir Yudohusodo, ..., Jakarta, 1991):
Population The ever-expanding population of Indonesia is a major factor in causing
housing and settlement problems to always be the main focus of the government.
 The rapid rate of population growth that is not proportional to the provision of
housing facilities causes this problem more complicated and serious. Population
problems today are not only an issue in the cities of the island of Java, but other cities on
the island have started to show almost similar symptoms. Increased urbanization and the
widening gap between city and village is one of the triggers of this population problem.

The urban and rural areas constitute a unified territory that should be of particular
interest to interested parties in this development, in particular housing and settlement
development. This should be a guide to implement equity in development between the
two. But what we see in the field now is the rapid development that is done on the city, so
the rural areas are getting left behind. The rapid development of many urban housing that
is not in accordance with the general plan of urban sprawl, this is what causes the urban
situation increasingly unclear direction of development. Housing and Settlement
Development Planning is still not optimal. Planning is an aspect that should not be
considered one-sided, with careful planning, synergistic and integral in each sector will
result in the development of housing and settlement. The lack of optimal planning has
resulted in the weakness of the development policy direction, the overlapping of inter
sector development action plans, and not the focus in determining the priority of housing
and residential development. Given the above, Currently in slum data base document,
Spatial Regulation Spatial Discussion that accommodates the development of the region,
the development of settlements that are more intensive but still pay attention to the
sustainability environment (sustainabel development).

With these documents, it is expected that the policy direction of housing and
settlement development can foster a healthier and more controlled living environment.
Land and Infrastructure Housing and residential development on a large scale will always
be faced with land issues, which are increasingly scarce and increasingly expensive in
urban areas. Not a few that we encounter agricultural areas that transformed into
residential areas, this happens because the availability of land is very limited while the
demand for occupancy facilities is always increasing every time. Logical consequences of
the use of agricultural land as a residential area causes a decrease in the number of food
production and the destruction of environmental ecosystem which, when studied further,
is the beginning of urban environmental problems, such as floods, landslides and so forth.
Another alternative in tackling the problems of land within the city is to build residential
facilities in the suburbs, which is relatively cheaper price. But new problems arise again
there, ie the distance between the residence and the location of work becomes farther so
that the city grows into inefficient and feels expensive for its inhabitants. In addition, the
provision of housing and housing should also be followed by the provision of basic
infrastructure such as water supply, sewerage systems, sewerage systems, wastewater,
building structures, rainwater drainage, fire prevention, and

Adequate water, air, and soil pollution. The provision of basic infrastructure costs
a great deal even though the regional capability in the provision of limited budgets. The
funding capability of district APBD in the provision of basic housing infrastructure
averages only around 20 billion per year, and even then has included funds sourced from
Financing. Cost issues are an important point in solving these housing and settlement
problems. In micro, this is caused by the economic ability of the people to reach the price
of adequate housing for them is still very difficult, because most of the people are people
with lower middle economic level (the number of poor people in Grobogan Regency
is%), whereas macro this thing Is also inseparable from the ability of the national
economy to support the solution of housing problems as a whole.
 Another thing that is also one form of this financing problem is the tendency of
increased development costs, including land procurement costs that are not comparable
with the increase in income figures, Meet the needs of the occupancy becomes higher.Â
Technology, Industrial Building Materials and Construction Services Industry Another
factor that is also a supporter who participate in determining the success or failure of this
public housing development program is the production of building materials and distribu
Sinya which closely related to price, quantity and quality and mastery of technology of
housing development by society. Based on the writing in the book House For All People,
said that the technology and construction services industry, especially for the construction
of simple housing has not much progress available. Institutional institutional device in the
field of housing, is a unity of institutional system to realize the construction of housing in
a planned, Perpadu, whether it serves as a holder of policies, coaching and regulation at
various levels of government, as well as development agencies in the public and private
sectors.

Another thing that is also associated with this institution is the development of
development implementing elements that should be more developed, especially
institutional at the local level, both formal and non-formal that can support the
community self-reliance in the field of housing and settlement. Community
Participation Based on the basic policy of our country which states that every Indonesian
citizen is entitled to adequate housing, but also has a role in the procurement. According
to this policy we can conclude that the fulfillment of housing construction is the
responsibility of the community itself, whether it is individual or collectively, at this
point the role of government is only as regulator, builder and help and create a good
climate so that the community can meet their own needs Their housing. Society is not
merely an object of development, but is a subject that plays an active role in housing and
residential development. Participation of the community will be better if there is a
development plan in place from the outset, so that the results are consistent with the
aspirations, real needs, socio-cultural conditions and economic capacity of the people
concerned, thus housing and settlements can create a more realistic process of social
progress.  Legislation  Regulations and legislation are the legal basis for the
application of various basic policies and implementation policies in the field

Government and development field. Various legislation in the field of housing

has begun initiated and issued by the government starting from the pre-PELITA period
until now. However, this has not been able to have a significant impact on housing
development, even in many cases it is said that it is no longer appropriate to the present
reality and has also been left behind with the development and demands of development
today and in the future, so that the renewal and perfection is very necessary And
important.

Other Issues According to the census conducted in 1980, it was recorded that
approximately 28 million of the existing homes, 5.8% were unqualified houses, both in
terms of the size of the house and the density of their dwellings. The need for ever
increasing occupancy and also accompanied by the limitations of the community in the
fulfillment, so this has led to the tendency of residential facilities into slum communities
that are not easy to control. Another thing that is still related to this problem is the uneven
distribution of Indonesian population.