Appendix

The List of References.

Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning: reconceiving roles for
planning, plans, planners. Free Press.
Altinkok, M. (2016). The Effects of Coordination and Movement Education on Pre
School Children’s Basic Motor Skills Improvement. Universal Journal of Educational
Research, 4 (5), 1050-1058.
Tuckman, B. (1965). 5 Stages of Group Development.
Bladen, C. Kennell, J, Abson, E and Wilde, N. (2012). Events Management; An
Introduction (Ed). London; New York; Routledge.
Sanderson, H and Lepkowsky, B.M. (2014). Person-centred teams: a practical guide
to delivering personalisation through effective team-work. London, England;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Belbin, M.R. (2010). Team Roles at Work. (2nd Ed.) Routledge Ltd.
Navin, A. (2011). Sport’s Coaching; A Reference Guide for Students, Coaches and
Competitors. The Crowood Press Ltd.
Robinson, E.P. (2015). Foundations of Sports Coaching. (2nd ed). Routledge.
Tuckman, B (1965). The 5 Stages of Group Development. (2018, April 5th) –
Retrieved from https://www.google.co.uk/search?
q=bruce+tuckman+5+stages+of+group+development&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
&ved=0ahUKEwjojrH2rqPaAhUsKMAKHfWWCWsQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=643#i
mgrc=rSBdSZNucvAQ9M:
Safe Guarding (2018, April 4th) - Retrieved from https://www.pre-
school.org.uk/safeguarding
Knowles, Z., Gilbourne, D., Borrie, A., & Neville, A. (2001). Developing the reflective
sports coach: A study exploring the processes of reflection within a higher education
programme. Reflective practice, 2 (2), 185-207.
Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How professionals think in action.
London: Temple Smith
The importance of safety equipment in sports and exercise (2018, April 11 th)-
retrieved from http://www.motleyhealth.com/fitness/the-importance-of-safety-
equipment-in-sports-and-exercise
Erickson, K. McConnell, A. (2017). Contingency planning for crisis management:
Recipe for success or political fantasy? Journal for policy and society, 30 (2), 89-99.
Belbin team roles (2018, May 5th) – Retrieved from
http://www.belbin.com/about/belbin-team-roles/

Reflection stage:

Knowles, Gilbourne, Borrie & Neville (2001) propose that ‘through reflective
practice coaches could access, make sense of, and learn from the relevant
knowledge in action that would allow them to learn how to actually do sports
coaching’. This shows that reflection is important for coaches for all
professions as it allows them to analyse the session for area which could
possibly require improvement.
 Schön (1983) suggests that ‘reflection in action is reflecting on the incident
during the session itself rather than reflecting on how you would do things
after the session is finished and reflection on action is reflecting on how
practice can be developed (changed) after the event’. We reflected in and on
action during the event when more children decided to take part and we had
to assign them to teams and also it was required that the teams needed to be
mixed up so as to ensure skill level fairness in both teams.
When designing our event we originally planned to deliver our session at a local
primary school which St. Michael with St. Johns C.E primary school. We first made a
list of all the equipment we would need:
 Bibs
 Cones
 Hurdles
 Tennis balls
 Tennis rackets
 Benches
 Footballs
After this was done we made a list of the different races/ events that we could
possibly use in our event these were:
 Normal sprints
 3 legged race
 Relay race
 Ball and racket race
 Wheelbarrow race
Health and safety:

Once all the events and the equipment was organised we decided that we
would need to do safety checks for the equipment that was used. Motley
health (2018) states ‘In every case it’s important to use correct equipment
that is in good condition’. Safety checks on equipment in spots is very
important this is because if the participants use equipment that is defective
there is a high chance that during skill based drills or actual game play the
children could seriously injure themselves due to the poor quality of
equipment.

After we had completed the designing of the event itself we reached out to
the school to organise a meeting of sorts to decide on a date that would be
appropriate for the school and for me and my partner. Unfortunately the
school declined our offer due to their partnership with Blackburn College and
the students they had given placement positions to.

After receiving the schools reply we had to instead move to our contingency
plan. Erickson and McConnell (2017) state that contingency plans need ‘A
more balanced understanding if we are to have fair and realistic expectations
 of what public authorities can do to prepare for crises, disasters and
catastrophes’. Contingency plans are important because should an organised
event be cancelled for one reason or another the coaches in question would
have to instead turn to their contingency plan and put that into effect s as to
ensure they have a set plan of activities that they are ready to coach.

Our contingency plan was to hold a football session at Blackburn youth zone.
Equity was important in regards to our coaching event this is because we
decided that when playing all players should regardless of their skill, age,
gender, ability or disability would receive equal attention and would receive
enough guidance to ensure the benefitted from the experience.

After discussing these different sports we decided to go with the mini Olympics. One
of the reasons we chose this was because we both agreed that it would be
something different and also by doing this chosen activity we would be focusing on
working on the ABC’s of fitness which are agility, balance and co-ordination.
‘The preference of recreative activities for a healthy and active life-style reduces
obesity and minimizes smoking habits by increasing the mental health more and
more and becomes efficient in raising healthy and conscious individuals’ (Altinkok,
2016). This shows that the ABC’s are important especially for children because by
implementing these within their fitness regimes whilst they are young there is more
of a chance of them leading a healthier lifestyle.
Safeguarding:
Before we began to design our event we both had to take certain precautions so as
to ensure that we were protected and could legally go in to carry out our event with
the children, both members of our team renewed our DBS checks so as to ensure
we were safe guarded. ‘Safeguarding is everybody’s responsibility and everyone at a
setting should act in a timely and coordinated manner to respond to any concerns
about the welfare of a child’ (Safe guarding, 2018). This shows the importance of
having a DBS check that has been confirmed as well as safe guarding for children
this is because a coach needs to be able to identify when a child is in distress and is
not comfortable, along with this a coach should be well aware of the signs to look for
that would indicate that a child is not happy.
Mintzberg (1994) proposes ‘Planning as the effort to formalizing decision-making
activities through decomposition, articulation, and rationalization’. This shows
planning is important because it allows the team to sit down and arrange an effective
plan that they can base their work on as well as having something to refer back to
should they find themselves moving of track.
When planning our session we discussed various different activities and sports we
could potentially host such as:
 Cricket
 Rounder’s
 Football
 Bench ball
  Mini Olympics
 Handball
 Netball
 Walking netball

Team work is an important factor within any work place, especially if it involves
planning an event as everyone within the team has different roles and
responsibilities. According to (Belbin, 2010, p1) People are given roles instead of
allowing an individual to find a role for themselves. It would make it fair to give the
individuals an opportunity to see what roles are more appropriate for them, by doing
that you would know that the individual would be successful of completing that piece
of work.
Myself and my co-worker had equal roles and responsibilities, the both of us looked
at what needed to be completed first, then once it was completed, we would then
move on to the next role and responsibility. By doing this is made it fair for the both
of us, therefore there was no need for disagreements or unusual behaviour.
Belbin (2010) ‘’yet I would claim that advanced team work is one of the most efficient
ways we know of accomplishing complex tasks and mission’’ (p, 1). Belbin,
Sanderson and Lepkowsky (2014) (p, 46) suggest that you need a mixture of
individuals who have the qualities and characteristics that provides a good
foundation for building a strong team, if a team needed to recruit another individual, it
is important that the individual is dedicated to fulfil the teams purpose and shares the
same values.
Myself and my co-worker were both committed and dedicated to ensuring that our
event would be successful, and if there were any issues that would come in between
the planning, we would communicate with each other effectively to ensure that
nothing goes wrong.
Within a team you divide the work in to small parts, each individual has the
opportunity to select which piece of work they would prefer to work on or would be
more suitable with. That is when their qualities and characteristics are being brought
to life within the team, and that is how they can become strong and successful.
Myself and my co-worker had written down a list of jobs that we needed to do,
and by doing this we then knew exactly what we were doing and how we was
going to perform it. It made it simple for us to perform these jobs by splitting
them up instead of doing everything all at once

Adjourning is the final stage of the five stages. At this stage the group have
completed their work aims and goals and have achieved them together as a team. At
this stage everyone disengages with each other, as they have achieved their goal
and they no longer need to work as a team (Tuckman, 1965). This is where the
members of the team separate themselves from one another because the task has
ended and they have accomplished their goals.
Once the football tournament event had been executed, myself and my co-worker
discussed about the success of our event and how the participants enjoyed it. Our
goals had been achieved and that is when we went on to focus on our future
commitments.
It is more professional to plan the times and programmes so that the delivery of the
event will be a success. Some events may not be planned, it can become a surprise
event to those who participate, but it can also be a success (Bladen, Kennell, Abson
and Wilde, 2012, p4). To execute a professional event, it needs to involve careful
and safe planning preparation in order for it to be a success. The timing and dates
need to be accurate and the team or group need to be organised and communicate
with each other effectively.
The Performing stage is when work has started and it is progressing. The group
would work together towards their goals. This is also when action and results begin
to come together. The group is stable, as each individual has their roles and
responsibility, so the group has the team cohesion and identity (Tuckman, 1965).
This stage is important because the whole group needs to have the team cohesion
and identity so that they can all fulfil their goals and aims. The group needs to work
together by communicating clearly and continuously so that they feel a strong need
to succeed.
This is the stage where we put our work in to action, I and my co-worker
remembered that our event could be anything, from a sports tournament, multi sports
event to a charity based event. That is when we realised that we could execute our
event at a local youth club, which was Blackburn Youth Zone. We then discussed
what type of sports we would deliver, first we thought of delivering a multi-sports
event, however we executed a Football tournament where any individual was more
than welcome to participate in.
Just before we executed our football tournament event we made sure that the sports
hall was available as well as health and safety checks. Robinson (2015) to be an
effective coach, it is important that the environment is safe, and by making sure it is
safe, the coach would perform a health and safety check before and after coaching
practice. I and my co-worker checked to see if there was no drink spillages or drinks
in the sports hall, if there was to be a drink in the sports hall, one of us would remove
it. We would also make sure that the fire exits were clear just in case the fire alarm
went off. We also made sure that the benches were stationed at the side next to the
walls and not on the court.
Client Vulnerability/ Team roles:
Belbin (2018) states that ‘There are no good or bad Team Roles. Each Team Role
has its strengths and weaknesses, and each has equal importance’ this shows that
assigning clear team roles is important because by labelling clearly what each
person is going to do the process of planning and executing an event would be a lot
easier.
I and my co-worker had our own roles, my co-worker introduced the rules of the
game as well as informing them that there was no slide tackling involved because
someone may become hurt or injured. Navin (2011) you need to consider the ages of
your participants so that it will reduce the number of injuries that may occur, by doing
this you are making sure that the participants can show their potential and it will
promote enjoyment and fulfilment to the sport.
My role was to hand out the bibs to one of the teams as well as being a referee to
ensure that the football tournament was an equal and safe game. The duration of the
football tournament was one hour. Robinson (2015) Depending on the environment,
the Coach may find themselves slipping in to one of more of their roles, which could
include identifying what inspires the participants, improving their performance by
making the sport challenging and structured.
Equity
The football tournament did become a little challenging because it became
competitive and fun for the participants. The environment become competitive
because there were participants who had the skills and qualities, and there were
participants who enjoyed participating in the football tournament for fun, which was
good because it was a mixture of abilities.
Whilst the football tournament was in play, I was giving encouragement and praise to
the participants because they were all having fun, and some of the participants
needed encouragement because they was not fully enjoying the football tournament,
so it was my responsibility to ensure that everyone was involved and having fun.
Half an hour before the football tournament was finished, myself and my co-worker
gathered everyone in the middle to discuss if they wanted to participate in a different
sport, we gave them the options to take part in Cricket, dodge ball, handball and
bench ball or to continue participating in football. Navin (2011) and Sport England
(2004) both agree that sports equity is all about fairness in sport, to ensure that is
becomes accessible to all members of the society, no matter what the age, ability,
gender, race, ethnicity or social/economic status is, everybody should be included.
They came to a decision to continue to participate in the football tournament, but just
to make sure that everyone wanted to continue with the game, I asked for those who
wanted to continue with the football tournament to raise their hands and it was
confirmed that for the next half an hour the football tournament would continue.

The members of the Youth club really enjoyed participating in the Football
tournament, one of the teams was scoring more points than the other team, so I was
giving the team with less point’s encouragement and praise. When it came to the
end of our football tournament, we asked everyone to gather around in a circle
where myself and my co-worker gave them feedback by commenting on how
everyone played very well during the football tournament and we both said well done
to all of the participants who had taken part in the football tournament.
The Norming stage is when the group has structure and identity as well as roles and
responsibility have been assigned. There may be specific behaviour rising within the
group that is when the leader establishes that specific behaviour (Tuckman, 1965).
At this stage the actual work just about begins because if everyone within the group
has been assigned a specific role or responsibility, the group will then begin to work
together.
We were waiting for a response from the local charity, and when we did we decided
to contact them directly to arrange an appointment with them. During that time I had
designed a walking netball session plan that was appropriate for the age and ability
level.
Storming is where the group is then established, there will be discussions on
specific leadership roles, which could lead to disagreements and conflict within the
group (Tuckman, 1965). It can be normal for disagreements to occur within an
established group, as the group itself are still thinking of leadership roles and
responsibilities. Once the disagreements have occurred, that is when the discussion
turns to roles and responsibilities.
This was the stage were we both had a discussion on what roles and responsibilities
that we would take on. Once our Disclosing barring service certificates was in the
process of being renewed, I had the responsibility to contact the local primary school
indirectly. However, the timing was a little poor and in the end the school was not
available to do our event in. Our contingency plan was to contact a local charity to
arrange an appointment with the events coordinator.
We then discussed doing our event for a local charity, whom I was responsible for
contacting them indirectly. We had discussed what sport we was going to do, which
would had been walking netball, as it would have been appropriate for the age and
ability level, as well as being popular.
Forming is the next stage, this is when the group comes together to start thinking of
different ideas and perspectives. There will be some uncertainty because there may
be some different leadership styles, and that is when an individual will become the
leader of the group (Tuckman, 1965). It is important for the group to come together
as a whole because that is when they can formulate different ideas as well as
identifying leadership roles.
This was the stage where we both had different ideas about the event, we was
thinking of what type of event it would be, where it would take place and who would
participate in the event. We had a list of sports that we could choose from, at the
beginning we chose to do a mini Olympics at a local primary school. Before we could
contact the primary school we had to make sure that our Disclosing Barring
certificates had to be renewed, so that was our first priority.
The pre-group is the first stage of establishing who you are going to work with on a
particular project or plan (Tuckman, 1965). It is important to know who you are going
to be working with because you want to be able to see if that individual is the correct
person to be working with and whether the commitment will be fulfilled.
This is the stage where I and my co-worker decided to work together on our event
because we do like to begin work as soon as possible. The commitment has been
fulfilled because we had been helping each other, communicating with each other
effectively as well as making sure that we had made a start.
There are five stages of group development, pre-group, Forming, Storming,
Norming, performing and adjourning. These 5 stages are embedded in to a group
project or plan.
Planning and designing stage:

Event Proposal