Holy Trinity University

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan

Title : Culture

Subject : Foundations of Education - I

Professor : Mrs. Julia T. Gorobat

Student/Course : Joy N. Dacuan

BEED - IV (Math)

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Culture - the sum total of the behavioral traits acquired by man as members of the society

- according to Sir Edward Burnett Taylor, culture is a complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of the society.

Classification of culture according to:

A. Characteristics

1. Learned - because of our intellect and will

2. Varied - because our social and physical nature

varies from one place to another

3. Group Product - because culture constitutes group habits

4. Transmitted - because we are heir to our social tradition

5. Adaptive - mainly because of technological changes

B. Dynamism

1. Static - it is where the culture or cultural patterns

are transmitted from generation to generation

2. Dynamic - it is where the culture continues to change as

being passed from one generation to another.
C. Stability

1. Stable - if the culture is satisfying the group

2. Unstable - if the culture doesn’t satisfy the group and

when violent conflict occurs before any
changes made

D. Form

1. Material - consist of tangible things like houses, clothing,

tools, utensils, automobiles, TV, etc.

2. Non-Material - refers to what is symbolic or intangible

such sentiments, folkways, mores and customs

E. Components

1. Values - it is the idea of right and wrong

2. Beliefs - is the view of reality shared by a group

3. Behaviors - are observable patters of action

4. Norms - are range of permissible behaviors

established by the group

F. Functions

1. Makes communication possible through common language

2. Provides standards for right and wrong

3. Gives training in behaviour approved by the group

4. Provides knowledge and skill needed for survival

5. Gives a sense of identity and belonging

G. Divisions

1. Sociology - refers to the structure and organization

of society considered as cultural variables

2. Technology - stresses the evolution of technology

3. Ideology - a set of ideas that discusses one’s goals,
expectations and actions in his/her own culture.

H. Universal Patterns
(In connection with Education and the
Philippine Cultural Heritage)

1. Language and Speech

- We have 80 languages which are Malayo
Polynesian Language. We have Cebuano in
Visayas, Tagalog in Central Luzon and
Ilocano in Northern Luzon

- Since 1938, our government had established

a national language which is Tagalog.
English is still our universal language.

- 50% of the population speaks English and

a native language while for the educated
Filipinos, it is common to be trilingual.

2. Technology
-Since 1993, manufacturing has become our
expert gainer.

3. Art
- Literature is small but of a high quality.
Some early literature are easily destroyed
because:
 a. they were written on easy
materials such the branch of
woods, stones, leaves and etc.;

b. they were burned by the early

Spanish friars because of the idea
that they were works of evil.

4. Property System
- This promotes conflict between the
rich and the poor.

5. Political System
- Long ago, it was a “gobernacion” or a
territory administered by a governor
while the church as a “patronato real”,
meaning they are led by royal patronage.

6. Warfare
- Some war fares are:
a. the execution of the 3 Filipino
Friars (GOMBURZA)

b. KATIPUNAN by Andres Bonifacio

7. Mythology and Science

- Myths and rituals are mostly influenced
by the Indians, such “Bathala” and
“Mariyang Makiling”.

- In 1865, studies of tropical typhoons

started on Manila.
 - In 1937, The Nation Research Council
of the Philippines explored the physical,
biological and social sciences.

8. Supernatural Beliefs (and Religion)

- Some Filipino beliefs are:

a. animism- beliefs in Spiritual

beings, example: God.

b. mana - beliefs in supernatural

attributes of a person,
example: Lam-ang

c. prayer - is a supplication
expressing dependence

d. magic - performed with tricks used

to entertain

e. shamans - or in tagalong “albularyo”

f. priest - officers of religion; heals

us spiritually, emotionally and
physically

9. Family and Society

- Marriage is seen to be sacred

- The Barangay, which is the smallest unit of

social and political organization is being
led by the “Maharlika” or “Datu”,
“Nobleman” or close relatives of the chief.

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Reference Books:

 Foundations of Education, by D.Tulio, p. 103-125

 Foundations of Education, by A. Lardizabal, p. 162-167
 Foundations of Education, by J. Calderon, p. 168-173

Reference Websites:

 http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/
cultural/anthropology/culturalanth.html
 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/
index?qid=20080902165745AAL1Txb
 http://www.pia.gov.ph/philtoday/pt03/pt0312.htm

Read more of this report at:

 http://www.joydacuan.co.cc
 http://gaugaudacuan.co.cc
 http://www.scribd.com/joydacuan

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“Never quit. Be the best!”