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Municipalities
Issues
• Created by the British in many towns and
cities during the middle of the nineteenth
century • Creating a special authority like Improvement
• Mainly for maintaining community facilities Trust, separate from municipality, initiated
and services such as water supply, the phenomenon of multiplicity of authorities
sewerage, drainage, primary education, • Overlapping functions, blurring of division of
roads and streets, parks and playgrounds responsibilities and related conflicts
etc., and enforcing building bye-laws
• Planning practice highly physical in
• Limited urban development and regulation
activities such as construction of roads, orientation
division of land into plots, enforcing land use
regulations and construction of buildings
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Evolution of Planning
Legislation Evolution
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Recommendations of Sir
Evolution (1930-1950)
Joseph Bhore Committee
1930 – 1940 • Creation of Ministry of Housing and Town
Planning in every State
• A period of relative lull due to World • Fully equipped directorates of Town Planning in
War II every State
• Appointment of a Town Planning expert in the
1946 Central Ministry of Health for scrutiny of Town
• Health Survey and Development Planning Schemes submitted by States for
financial support
Committee under the chairmanship of
• Creation of improvement trusts in all the large
Sir Joseph Bhore cities
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Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas JN National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
(PURA)
• Launched on 3rd December, 2005
• Part of the President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s `India 2020 – a
• Focus on providing affordable land, drinking water, sanitation, housing
vision for the new millennium’ and social services to the urban poor
• He expected at least 100 PURA complexes would be launched • All the metropolitan areas, other state capitals, and some important
by the end of 2006 religious, historical and tourists centers were covered under the
• PURA to be a collaborative effort of societal organizations, programme
educational institutions, bankers, industrialists, entrepreneurs, • A total of 63 settlements identified under the mission initially.
and the government • Annual central allocation of Rs. 5,500 crore
• 50-50 sharing of PURA project expenses between center and • Two sub-missions:
state - Urban Infrastructure and Governance to be administered
• PURA conceptualized as a modern rural cluster with a by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)
population between 1and 3 lakhs to be created by integrating - Basic Services to the Urban Poor to be administered by
villages by a ring road the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA)
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JLN National Urban Renewal Mission JLN National Urban Renewal Mission
Objectives:
- integrated development of infrastructure services • A financing pattern for sharing of investment between the
state and central governments and loans from financial
- stress on efficient maintenance and self-sustenance
institutions – center taking larger share for comparatively
- ensure adequate investment of funds to eliminate
small cities
deficiencies in infrastructure
• Central assistance linked to mandatory reforms
- planned development of peri-urban areas, out growths,
- local body level reforms in accounting procedures,
urban corridors
- scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision introduction of e-governance, IT applications like GIS and
of utilities with increased access to urban poor MIS, property tax, exclusive budgets for urban poor, user
- urban renewal of inner areas charges for self-sustenance of services, specific focus on
- Provision of basic services, security of tenure at urban poor for provision of infrastructure, housing and
affordable prices, improved housing, and services
environmental and social services
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Conclusions
Institute of Town Planners, India
• Planning practice has evolved from piecemeal planning
schemes to comprehensive development plans
• Set-up in 1951 with 19 members, 290 in • Yet to evolve a national urbanization policy and national
settlement policy
1971, more than 600 in 1979, 1100 in 1987
• Regionalisation exercise should be completed at the national
and more than 5,000 today level
• Worked for consolidation and strengthening • Spatial implications of sectoral investments need to be
incorporated in the planning process
of Town Planning Profession
• Non-implementation of master plans a major concern
• Establishment of Planning School • Planners need to adopt flexible planning approaches
• National economic development efforts need • Better plan implementation and urban management systems
• Participatory approaches and improved urban governance
spatial dimension
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