Measuring Principle Comparison
Level
Continuous / Liquids
22.10.2017 05:07 PM
Measuring principle Level radar
Image
Application Liquids
Preferences Non-contact measurement with
no wear and tear
Safe to use with gas-generating
media and production of vapour
Not affected by changing media,
e.g variations °F conductivity
Reliable and proven technology
Process temperature -60 °C ... 450 °C
Process pressure absolute / max. Vacuum ... 160 bar
overpressure limit
Measuring range 0.3 m ... 70 m
Function may be influenced by Foam
Extreme turbulent / boiling
surface
Conductive build-up at antenna
Application limits Measurement to abs. 0% 1)
DK ( Er )< 1.4
Bottom installation
Accuracy 6 GHz : < 10 m : +/- 6 mm
26 GHz : < 10 m : +/- 2 mm
Accuracy may be influenced by Weak echoes caused by moving
surface, small DK ( Er ),...
Tank wall effects, false echoes
Guided radar
Liquids
Measurement with preadjusted
measuring range
Measurement of liquids is
not affected by surface foam,
obstructions or false reflections
-196 °C ... 450 °C
(–321 °F...+842 °F)
Vacuum ... 400 bar
0.2 m (0.6ft)...45 m (148 ft)
Extreme build-up
Extreme foam
Measurement to abs. 0% 2)
DK ( Er ) < 1.4
Agitator blades
Bottom installation
Rod probe :+/- 2 mm (0.08 in)
Rope probe <= 15 m (49 ft): +/- 2
mm (0.08 in)
Rope probe > 15 m (49 ft): +/- 10
mm (0.39 in)
Coaxial probe: +/- 2 mm (0.08 in)
Weak echoes caused by moving
surface, small DK ( Er ),...
False echoes
Ultrasonic
Liquids
Non-contact measurement with
no wear and tear
No calibration with the medium
required
Not affected by changing media,
e.g. variations in density
Cost effective, reliable and proven
technology
-40 °C ( -40°F) ... 135 °C (275 °F)
0.7 bar abs ... 4 bar abs
(10 psi ... 58 psi)
0.07 m (0.23 ft) ... 25 m (85 ft)
Foam
Extreme turbulent surface
Build-up / strong condensate at
the sensor or in the nozzle
Measurement to abs. 0% 1)
Media with vapor pressure > 50
mbar ( 20 °C )
Blocking distance
Bottom / side installation
+/- 2mm + 0.17% of measured
distance
The gas composition may
influence the sound velocity
considerably
Temperature layers in the gas
above the medium
Weak echoes caused by moving
surface,...
False echoes
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Measuring Principle Comparison
Level
Continuous / Liquids
22.10.2017 05:07 PM
Measuring principle Capacitive
Image
Application Liquids
Preferences Accurate measurement of very
small measurement ranges
Interface measurement possible
Cost effective, reliable and proven Reliable proven technology
technology
Process temperature -200 °C ... 400 °C
Process pressure absolute / max. Vacuum ... 500 bar
overpressure limit
Measuring range 0.1 m ... 20 m
Function may be influenced by Plastic vessel
Build-up or foam
Application limits Measurement to abs. 0% 2)
DK ( Er ) < 2.0
Agitator blades
Changing media with Lf < 200
us / cm
Calibration with process medium
necessary
Accuracy +/- 1 %
Accuracy may be influenced by LF < 200 us / cm : variable
dielectric constant
LF > 200 us / cm : high pressure /
temperature with PTFE - isolation
Hydrostatic
Liquids
Not affected by surface foam or
tank installations
Easy planning
-70...400°C/ -94...+752°F
1050bar
100mbar ... 700bar
Hardening build-up
Density variations of the medium
Dynamic pressure caused by
agitor resp. vortex
Hardening build-up
Vacuum and temperatures >
200°C at the same time
+/- 0,075% (0,05%)
Changing density
Tk with capillaries and remote
seals [ process temperature,
ambient temperature ]
Differential pressure
Liquids
Not affected by surface foam or
tank installations
Easy planning
Reliable, proven technology
-70°C...+400°C
(-94...+752°F)
420bar
10mbar ... 40bar
Hardening build-up
Density variations of the medium
Dynamic pressure of agitators
and squinches
Hardening build-up
Aggressive media
+/- 0,075% (0,05%)
Changing density
Tk with capillaries and remote
seals [process temperature,
ambient temperature]
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Measuring Principle Comparison
Level
Continuous / Liquids
22.10.2017 05:07 PM
Measuring principle Radiometric Servo / Float Tank Gauging Gauge pressure
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Application Liquids Liquids general_selection_

Preferences Contactless measurement Absolute measurement general_selection_
Accurate measurement under Level, interface and density
extreme conditions, e.g. toxicity, profile measurement with only
abrasion, aggressiveness one sensor
Interface and density Reliable and proven technology
measurement possible Low maintenance
Communications output up to 6
km
Process temperature Any -200 °C ... 200 °C   general_selection_
Process pressure absolute / max. Any Vacuum ... 25 bar general_selection_
overpressure limit
Measuring range < 2 m / 4 m / 6 m / 8m / 10m 0 m ... 36 m   general_selection_
Function may be influenced by general_selection_ Foam general_selection_
Extreme turbulence / boiling
surface
Build-up on displacer/measuring
wire
Application limits general_selection_ Process connection > 3"/ DN80 general_selection_
0.500 g/cm3 < Density < 2.000 g/
cm3
Accuracy general_selection_ Liquid level: +/- 0.7 mm general_selection_
Liquid Interface: +/- 2.7 mm
Density: +/- 0.005 g/cm3
Accuracy may be influenced by Physically created statistical Turbulence general_selection_
variations of the measuring Vibration
equipment Displacer type
Variations in density may lead to
incorrect measurements in small
containers (< 500mm)
High pressure may cause
variations in gas density

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Measuring Principle Comparison
Level
Continuous / Liquids
22.10.2017 05:07 PM
Measuring principle Absolute and gauge pressure
Image
Application
Preferences
Process temperature
Process pressure absolute / max.
overpressure limit
Measuring range
Function may be influenced by
Application limits
Accuracy
Accuracy may be influenced by

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