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Objectives
Introduction
As the solvent moves past the spot that was aaplied an equilibrium was
achieved for each component of the mixture between the molecules of that
component which are adsorbed on the solid and the molecules which is are in
solution . In principle , the components will differ in solubility and in the strength of
their adsorption to the adsorbent and some components will be carried further up the
plate than the others.When the solvent has reached on the top of the plate, the plate
will be removed from the solvent , it will dried and the developing components will be
visualised . UV lamp and iodine are used to visualized the components .
In this experiment the TLC was used to examine the composition of known
analgesic whic is the pain relieving drug such as paracetamol. Several common
analgesics are aspirin and acetomeniphen . Caffein is sometimes added to these
formulations to overcome drowsiness.
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Caffeine
Result and observation
The distance from starting point to the end point of reading 1 is 5 cm while for
reading 2 is 5.1 cm
Discussion
Differrent compounds in the sample mixture travel at different rates due to the
differances in their attraction to the stationary phase and because of differences in solubility
in the solvent . Fom the above calculation we can see that different compound has different
Rf value.
For reading 1 , Rf for aspirin is 0.52 , upthamol is 0.46 , caffein is 0.22 and
acetaminophen is 0.5 . From reading 2 Rf value for aspirin is 0.55 , upthamol is 0.47 , caffein
is 0.22 and acetaminophen is 0.47 . Reading 1 and 2 has same reading Rf value for caffeine
so the drug is caffeine .
There is some precaution that we should be aware by doing this experiment which is
we cannot allow UV light to shine to anyone eyes , it can cause permanent eyes damage
.While we are doing line on the TLC sheet we should use pencil instead of pen because it
can contaminated our TLC paper.The solution point maybe moves with the pen ink.
Conclusion
The Rf value was determined which is for reading 1 ,Rf for aspirin is 0.52 ,
upthamol is 0.46 , caffein is 0.22 and acetaminophen is 0.5 while for reading 2 , Rf value for
aspirin is 0.55 , upthamol is 0.47 , caffein is 0.22 and acetaminophen is 0.47 .From the
calculation the compound in the TLC tablet is caffeine.
References
1) http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatography/thinlayer.html
2)http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=acetaminophen+structure&hl=en&biw=630&bih=523&tbm
=isch&tbnid=DJB2GqHcyJYSwM:&imgrefurl=http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chem
ical-Structures---A/Acetaminophen---
Paracetamol.htm&docid=fzax4ltjyeRdUM&imgurl=http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/t/M/1/paracet
amol.jpg&w=500&h=242&ei=ue6sUezsG8XPrQeSjoDQCg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:0,s:0,i:159&iact=r
c&dur=688&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=302&start=0&ndsp=7&tx=208&ty=34
3)http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=aspirin+structure&hl=en&biw=630&bih=523&tbm=isch&tb
nid=r5x16yeF4Rsd6M:&imgrefurl=http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-
Structures---A/Acetylsalicylic-Acid---
Aspirin.htm&docid=WwEehinkioHn4M&imgurl=http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/4/g/1/acetylsalicy
lic_acid.png&w=325&h=396&ei=1u6sUZC1OtCHrAfxyYAw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:159&iact=
rc&dur=3593&page=1&tbnh=212&tbnw=174&start=0&ndsp=8&tx=86&ty=102
4)http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=caffeine+structure&hl=en&biw=630&bih=523&tbm=isch&t
bnid=S5lQYargb83f1M:&imgrefurl=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine&docid=a2ncv-
MklN_BLM&imgurl=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Caffeine-2D-
skeletal.svg/200px-Caffeine-2D-skeletal.svg.png&w=200&h=165&ei=8u6sUdrUFcuArgft-
oCwDg&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:159&iact=rc&dur=657&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=156&start
=0&ndsp=8&tx=118&ty=82
Questions
1) What happens if the spots are made too large when preparing a TLC plate for
development?
If the spot too large it may cause the shape of the final spot become skewed and
elongates.
2) What happens if the spots are made too small when preparing a TLC plate for
development ?
If the spots are too small the Rf value are hard to determined.
3) Why must the spots be above the level of the developing solvent in the
development chamber ?
Because the spot will move upward from the solvent level and carry the components
of the spot at constant rate to the top but if the spot is below the solvent level , then
the sovent will wash away the spot into the solvent and there will no development.
4) What would happen if the spotting line and positions marked on the plate with
a ball-point pen?
This will make the ink of the ball pen will contaminated the result , the ink will move
with the spot and we cannot get the correct result.