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Prof. J. S. Kenney
*Any large scale social phenomenon has both structural and cultural effects
on the person.
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3. Specification of Factors:
4. Stability of Components:
emotion vocabularies
rules governing expression and feeling
situational definitions of meanings, and
purposeful behavior.
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7. Dynamics of Social Change in Emotions:
2. Time: Not just present; past interactions & anticipations of future contacts.
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* Three social processes link the larger social structure with the emotional
experience and behavior of individuals:
(2) Socialization: individuals learn to feel, attend to, express and recognize
the particular emotions identified in their society;
1. Bodily sensations
2. Expressive Gestures and Actions
3. A Social Situation or Relationship
4. Emotional Culture
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stimulates existing, fixed connections
* Gordon seeks to integrate social influences with a physiological substrate.
* These terms may not only indicate valued emotions, but warn against
varieties of a dangerous emotion that must be controlled.
Emotion Prototypes:
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Ordinary Language for Emotion:
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- promote social control of behavior through empathy, embarrassment,
guilt and shame.
* A key link between the larger social order and emotional experiences.
Emotional Competence:
Favored Temperament:
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* Will the types that are culturally favored at one time change with structural
changes?
Diverse Socialization:
* Individuals are socialized by various agents and groups who often hold
contradictory views about emotions.
Socialization Sequence:
*We manage our feelings by modifying our cognitive and somatic experience
(through suppressive tactics or reinterpretation of situations).
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(i) The Nature of Emotion Norms:
* Emotion norms are not explicit, internalized by all members of society, and
followed completely. Hence, research should focus on:
* How people and groups debate, negotiate and bargain over a norm=s content
and applicability.
Internalization of Norms:
* Emotional culture can be distant from actual emotion in some areas, and
very close to it in others.
* Which emotions are more regulated and which more openly permitted for
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various status positions?
Stability of Emotional Control:
Emotional Expertise:
Legitimation by Ethnopsychology:
Changes in Legitimation:
* Research is needed on the rise and fall of emotion norms as they become
legitimated and de-legitimated.
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Consistency Across Institutions:
Resistance to Institutionalization:
Deinstitutionalization of Emotion:
1. Motivating behavior:
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* Emotionally-motivated social behaviors may occur more rapidly,
memorably, and have a stronger effect on the persistence of patterned
relationships.
* Emotional reactions are salient cues about a person=s identities, values and
the particular standpoint that one is taking in a social situation.
* The redistribution of gender, age, and ethnic groups across structural roles
can produce widespread changes in emotional reactions.
Conclusion:
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