Citizenship

1. Civil Code of Spain December 18 1889

a. Born in Spanish territory
b. Children of Spanish father or mother (even if born outside of Spain)
c. Naturalized foreigners
d. Any domiciled inhabitants of any town of the Monarchy
2. April 11 1899 – July 1 1902
a. Jus soli
3. Philippine Bill of 1902/Philippine Organic Act of 1902
a. Inhabitant of the Philippines and a Spanish subject on April 11 1899
i. Inhabitant – native-born; native of Peninsular Spain; obtained Spanish
papers on or before April 11 1899
4. Jones Law 1916
a. Spanish subject on April 11 1899
b. Residing in the Philippines on said date
c. Not a citizen of another country
5. 1935 Constitution
a. Citizens at the time of the adoption of the constitution
b. Born in the Philippines of foreign parents and elected to public office before
1935 Constitution
c. Whose fathers are Philippine citizens
d. Whose mothers are Philippine citizens AND elect Philippine citizenship at age of
majority
e. Naturalized
6. 1973 Constitution
a. Citizens at the time of the adoption of the constitution
b. Whose fathers OR mothers are Philippine citizens
c. Who elect Philippine citizenship pursuant to 1935 constitution
d. Naturalized
e. Filipina who marries an alien and does not renounce her citizenship
7. 1987 Constitution
a. Citizens at the time of the adoption of the constitution
b. Whose fathers or mothers are Philippine citizens
c. Born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers AND elect Philippine citizenship
d. Naturalized

Illegitimate child
- Follows citizenship of mother
Laws on reacquiring citizenship
1. CA 63
a. Philippine women married to aliens reacquire citizenship after death of husband
or termination of marriage
2. PD 725 (Frivaldo v COMELEC)
a. Filipina women married to aliens
b. Natural-born Filipinos who lost their citizenship
i. Applying with Special Committee on Naturalization to reacquire
citizenship
c. RETROACTS to time of application
3. RA 2630 (Bengzon v HRET)
a. Filipino citizens who lost citizenship by serving the armed forces of the US and
became naturalized US citizens
i. Reacquire by taking an oath of allegiance
4. RA 9225 (Cordora v Tambunting; David v Agbay)
a. Natural-born citizens who lose their citizenship BEFORE enactment of RA 9225
REACQUIRE their citizenship
b. Natural-born citizens who become citizens of another country AFTER enactment
of RA 9225 RETAIN their citizenship AKA DUAL CITIZEN
c. DOES NOT RETROACT

How to reacquire citizenship

1. Direct act of congress (bills)
2. Naturalization
3. Repatriation

Revised Naturalization Law CA 473

- Not left the Philippines
- Dedicated himself to a lawful calling or profession
- Not convicted of any offense of Government promulgated rules
- Committed any act prejudicial to the state’s interest