What is the product of the reduction of 2-methylbutanal?

[1 mark]
5.
A. 2-methylbutan-1-ol

IBDP Paper 1 Topic 1,5,15,7,17,10,20 (2013-17) B. 2-methylbutan-2-ol

C. 3-methylbutan-2-one
[100 marks]
D. 2-methylbutanoic acid

Which equation represents enthalpy of hydration? [1 mark] Which molecule is chiral? [1 mark]
1. 6.

A. Na(g) → Na +(aq) + e− A. 2-chlorobutane

B. Na +(g) → Na +(aq) B. 2,2-dichloropentane

C. NaCl(s) → Na +(g) + Cl−(g) C. Propan-2-amine

D. NaCl(s) → Na +(aq) + Cl−(aq) D. 4-hydroxybutanoic acid

Which combination of ΔH θ and ΔS θ will result in a non-spontaneous reaction at all temperatures? [1 mark] 7.
The Born-Haber cycle for potassium oxide is shown below: [1 mark]
2.

The graph shows values of ΔG for a reaction at different temperatures. [1 mark]

3.

Which expression represents the lattice enthalpy in kJ mol –1?

A. –361 + 428 + 838 + 612

B. –(–361) + 428 + 838 + 612

C. –361 + 428 + 838 – 612

D. –(–361) + 428 + 838 – 612

Which statement is correct?

A. The standard entropy change of the reaction is negative. Which ion’s hydration energy is the most exothermic? [1 mark]
8.
B. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is positive. A. Li +

C. At higher temperatures, the reaction becomes less spontaneous. B. Na +

D. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is negative. C. Br –

D. I–

4. What is the major product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and hydrogen bromide? [1 mark]

A. 3-bromo-2-methylbutane 9. Which variable affects the equilibrium constant, Kc? [1 mark]

B. 3-bromo-3-methylbutane A. Atmospheric pressure

C. 2-bromo-3-methylbutane B. Catalyst

D. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane C. Concentration of reactants

D. Temperature
10. Components X and Y are mixed together and allowed to reach equilibrium. The concentrations of X, Y, W and Z in the equilibrium [1 mark] A mixture of 0.40 mol of CO (g) and 0.40 mol of H 2 (g) was placed in a 1.00 dm3 vessel. The following equilibrium was established. [1 mark]
16.
mixture are 4, 1, 4 and 2 mol dm−3 respectively.
CO (g) + 2H2 (g) CH3OH (g)
X + 2Y ⇌ 2W + Z
At equilibrium, the mixture contained 0.25 mol of CO (g). How many moles of H 2 (g) and CH3OH (g) were present at equilibrium?
What is the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc?
1
A.
8
1
B.
2

C. 2

D. 8

11. Which pair of isomers always shows optical activity? [1 mark]

A. Cis-trans

B. Enantiomers

C. Conformational Which is correct for the conversion of propanal to propyl methanoate? [1 mark]
17.
D. E/Z

Which compounds can be reduced? [1 mark]

12.
I. C 2H4
II. CH 3COOH
III. CH3CHO

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

13. In which order should the reagents be used to convert benzene into phenylamine (aniline)? [1 mark]

18. Which statement is correct for a pair of enantiomers under the same conditions? [1 mark]

A. A racemic mixture of the enantiomers is optically active.

B. They have the same chemical properties in all their reactions.

C. They have the same melting and boiling points.

D. They rotate the plane of plane-polarized light by different angles.

14. Which represents the enthalpy change of hydration of the chloride ion? [1 mark]

The equation for the formation of ethyne is: [1 mark]

19.

2C(s) + H2 (g) → C2H2 (g)

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for this reaction using the enthalpy of combustion data below?

15. Which ionic compound has the largest value of lattice enthalpy? [1 mark]
1 1
A. MgS A. 2 × (−394) + (−572) − (−2602)
2 2
B. 2 × (−394) + (−572) − (−2602)
B. MgO
C. 2 × (−394) + 1 (−572) + 1 (−2602)
2 2
C. CaBr2 D. 2 × (−394) + (−572) + (−2602)
D. NaF

3
 3 −3
26. 4.0 g of solid sodium hydroxide is added to 0.10 dm of 1.0 mol dm aqueous sulfuric acid.
Which transition represents an enthalpy of hydration? [1 mark] [1 mark]
20.

A. 2H2O (l) →H3O+ (aq) + OH− (aq)

2NaOH(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
B. NaCl (s) →Na+ (aq) + Cl− (aq)
C. K+(s)→K+(aq) Which statement is correct?
D. K+(g)→K+(aq)
A. Neither reactant is in excess.

B. 0.10 mol Na2SO4 is formed.

21. What are the signs for the entropy changes associated with this reaction? [1 mark]
C. Excess H2SO4 remains in solution.
H2O(g) → H2O(l)
D. Excess NaOH remains in solution.

27. The same amount of heat energy is added to 1.00 g of each substance. [1 mark]

Which statement is correct if all the substances are at the same temperature before the heat energy is added?

Which is correct for an isolated system in equilibrium? [1 mark] A. Copper will reach the highest temperature.
22.
B. Water will reach the highest temperature.

C. All four substances will reach the same temperature.

D. Aluminium will reach a higher temperature than sodium chloride.

Which equation represents the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methanol? [1 mark]
28.
A. C(g) + 2H2(g) + 1 O2(g) → CH3OH(l)
2

B. C(g) + 4H(g) + O(g) → CH3OH(l)

C. C(s) + 4H(g) + O(g) → CH3OH(l)
23. Which statement is correct about the major reaction between 1-chloropropane, CH3CH2CH2Cl, and dilute sodium hydroxide [1 mark]
D. C(s) + 2H2(g) + 12 O2(g) → CH3OH(l)
solution, NaOH (aq)?

A. The rate equation is second order.

B. The hydroxide ion acts as a Brønsted–Lowry base. 29. Which species are arranged in order of increasing entropy? [1 mark]
C. The reaction has two distinct steps.
A. C3H8(g) < CH3OH(l) < Hg(l) < Na(s)
D. Water is a product.
B. CH3OH(l) < C3H8(g) < Hg(l) < Na(s)
C. Na(s) < Hg(l) < CH3OH(l) < C3H8(g)
Which molecule can be both reduced by sodium borohydride, NaBH 4, and oxidized by warm acidified potassium dichromate(VI)? [1 mark]
24. D. Na(s) < Hg(l) < C3H8(g) < CH3OH(l)
A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3
B. (CH3)3CCHO
C. (CH3)3COH 30. Which combination of [1 mark]
D. (CH3)3CCOC(CH3)3 ΔH and
ΔS values corresponds to a non-spontaneous reaction at all temperatures?

25. Which molecule contains a chiral carbon? [1 mark]

A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3
B. (CH3)3CCHO
C. (CH3)3COH
D. (CH3)3COC(CH3)3
31. What is the product of the addition of chlorine, Cl2, to propene, C 3H6? [1 mark] Which combinations of values will result in a spontaneous reaction? [1 mark]
36.
A. 1,1-dichloropropane

B. 2,2-dichloropropane

C. 1,2-dichloropropane

D. 1,3-dichloropropane

A. I and II only

What should be changed to alter the rate of nucleophilic substitution of tertiary halogenoalkanes? [1 mark] B. I and III only
32.
A. The nucleophile C. II and III only

B. The concentration of the nucleophile D. I, II and III

C. The concentration of the tertiary halogenoalkane

D. The size of the reaction flask 37. Which expression gives the sum of all the coefficients for the general equation for the complete [1 mark]

combustion of hydrocarbons?

[1 mark] ___ C xHy(g)+ ___ O2(g) → ___ CO2(g)+ ___ H2O(l)

33. Which pair are geometric isomers?
y
A. 1+x+
4
y
B. 1+x+ 2
3y
C. 1 + 2x + 4
3y
D. 1 + 2x + 2

38. The hydrolysis of tertiary bromoalkanes with a warm dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution proceeds by a two-step SN1 [1 mark]
mechanism.

Step I: R − Br → R+Br−
Step II: R+ + OH− → R − OH
Which description of this reaction is consistent with the above information?

Θ
34. Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation, ΔHf , of tetrachloromethane? [1 mark]

A. C(g) + 4Cl(g) → CCl4(g) 39. The equation for the reaction between two gases, A and B, is: [1 mark]

B. C(s) + 4Cl(g) → CCl4(l) 2A(g) + 3B(g) ⇌ C(g) + 3D(g)

C. C(g) + 2Cl2(g) → CCl4(g) When the reaction is at equilibrium at 600 K the concentrations of A, B, C and D are 2, 1, 3 and 2 mol dm−3 respectively. What is the value
of the equilibrium constant at 600 K?
D. C(s) + 2Cl2(g) → CCl4(l)
1
A. 6
9
B.
35. What is the correct order for increasing lattice enthalpy? [1 mark] 7

A. MgO < MgCl2 < NaCl < CsCl C. 3

B. CsCl < NaCl < MgCl2 < MgO D. 6

C. NaCl < CsCl < MgO < MgCl2

D. NaCl < CsCl < MgCl2 < MgO 40. What is the correct order for the increasing rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes by dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide? [1 mark]

A. CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl < CH3CHClCH2CH3 < (CH3)3CCl < (CH3)3CBr

B. (CH3)3CBr < (CH3)3CCl < CH3CHClCH2CH3 < CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl
C. (CH3)3CCl < (CH3)3CBr < CH3CHClCH2CH3 < CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl
D. CH3CHClCH2CH3 < CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl < (CH3)3CBr < (CH3)3CCl
 How many four-membered ring isomers are there of dichlorocyclobutane, C 4H6Cl2? [1 mark] 3 –3 [1 mark]
41. 47. Which solution neutralizes 50.0 cm of 0.120 mol dm NaOH (aq)?
A. 3 A. 12.5 cm3 of 0.080 mol dm –3 H3PO4

B. 4 B. 25.0 cm3 of 0.120 mol dm –3 CH3COOH

C. 5 C. 25.0 cm3 of 0.120 mol dm –3 H2SO4

D. 6 D. 50.0 cm3 of 0.060 mol dm –3 HNO3

[1 mark] 8
42. Which statements are correct for ionic compounds? 48. At 700 ºC, the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction is 1.075 × 10 . [1 mark]

I. Lattice energy increases as ionic radii increase. 2H2 (g) + S2 (g) ⇌ 2H2S (g)
II. Within the same group, the melting point of salts tends to decrease as the radius of the cation increases.
Which relationship is always correct for the equilibrium at this temperature?
III. Solubility in water depends on the relative magnitude of the lattice energy compared to the hydration energy.
A. [H2S]2 < [H2]2 [S2]
A. I and II only
B. [S2] = 2[H2S]
B. I and III only
C. [H2S] < [S2]
C. II and III only
D. [H2S]2 > [H2]2[S2]
D. I, II and III

3 [1 mark]
–1 [1 mark] 49. What is the pressure, in Pa, inside a 1.0 m cylinder containing 10 kg of H 2 (g) at 25 ºC?
43. What is the standard enthalpy of formation, in kJ mol , of IF (g)?
R = 8.31 J K–1 mol –1; pV = nRT
IF7 (g) + I2 (s) → IF5 (g) + 2IF (g) ΔH
θ = –89 kJ 1×104×8.31×25
A.
1.0×103
ΔHθf (IF7) = –941 kJ mol –1 5×102×8.31×298
B. 1.0
ΔHθf (IF5) = –840 kJ mol –1
1×8.31×25
C.
1.0×103
A. –190
5×103×8.31×298
D. 1.0
B. –95

C. +6
+
D. +95 50. Propene reacts separately with H 2O/H and H2/Ni to give products X and Z respectively. [1 mark]

44. The combustion of glucose is exothermic and occurs according to the following equation: [1 mark] What are the major products of the reactions?
C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO 2 (g) + 6H2O (g)

Which is correct for this reaction?

51. What is the product of the reaction between pentan-2-one and sodium borohydride, NaBH4? [1 mark]

A. Pentan-1-ol

45. Which equation represents the lattice enthalpy of magnesium sulfide? [1 mark] B. Pentan-2-ol
A. MgS (s) → Mg (g) + S (g) C. Pentanoic acid
B. MgS (s) → Mg+ (g) + S– (g) D. Pentanal
C. MgS (s) → Mg2+ (g) + S2– (g)

D. MgS (s) → Mg (s) + S (s)

The enthalpy change for the dissolution of NH4NO3 is +26 kJ mol –1 at 25 °C. Which statement about this reaction is correct? [1 mark]
46.
A. The reaction is exothermic and the solubility decreases at higher temperature.

B. The reaction is exothermic and the solubility increases at higher temperature.

C. The reaction is endothermic and the solubility decreases at higher temperature.

D. The reaction is endothermic and the solubility increases at higher temperature.

3 –3
52. What is the number of optical isomers of isoleucine? [1 mark]

56. The Born-Haber cycle for the formation of magnesium oxide is shown below. [1 mark]

A. 0

B. 2

C. 4

D. 8

53. Which functional group is responsible for the pKb of 4.1 in this compound? [1 mark]

What is a correct description of the steps X, Y and Z in this cycle?

Θ Θ
A. Amido 57. Consider the values of ΔH and ΔS À for the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen at 298 K. [1 mark]

B. Amino N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) ΔH Θ = +181 kJ mol−1

C. Chloro ΔS Θ = +25 J K−1mol−1

D. Ether Which statement is correct for this reaction?

A. ΔGΘ is positive at all temperatures.

B. ΔGΘ is negative at all temperatures.
54. A compound with Mr = 102 contains 58.8 % carbon, 9.80 % hydrogen and 31 % oxygen by mass. [1 mark]
What is its molecular formula? C. ΔGΘ is positive at high temperatures.
Ar: C = 12.0; H = 1.0; O = 16.0 D. ΔGΘ is positive at low temperatures.
A. C2H14O4

B. C3H4O4
58. A mixture of 2.0 mol of H2 and 2.0 mol of I2 is allowed to reach equilibrium in the gaseous state at a certain temperature in a [1 mark]
C. C5H10O2 1.0 dm3 flask. At equilibrium, 3.0 mol of HI are present. What is the value of Kc for this reaction?

D. C6H14O H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

(3.0)2
A. Kc =
(0.5)2
Θ
55. Which processes have a negative value for ΔS ? [1 mark]
B. Kc = 3.0
(0.5)2
I. H2O(l) → H2O(s)
(3.0)2
II. 2H2O2(l) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) C. Kc =
(2.0)2
III. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) (0.5)2
D. Kc =
(3.0)2
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
 3 5
66. Under which conditions does CH4 have the same number of molecules as 100 cm of O2 at 27 °C and 1.0 × 10 Pa?
59. At which temperature, in K, assuming constant pressure, is the volume of a fixed mass of gas at 127 °C doubled? [1 mark] [1 mark]

A. 200 K

B. 254 K

C. 400 K

D. 800 K

60. Which product is formed when bromine water is added to propene, CH3CHCH2? [1 mark]

A. CH3CBr2CH3
B. CH2BrCH2CH2Br
67. What is the IUPAC name for (CH3)2COH(CH2)2CH3? [1 mark]
C. CH3CHBrCH2Br
A. Hexan-3-ol
D. CH3CH2CH2Br
B. 2-methylpentan-2-ol

C. 2-methylpentan-3-ol
Which of these repeating units is present in the polymer poly(propene)? [1 mark] D. Dimethylpentan-1-ol
61.

68. Which statement about isomerism is correct? [1 mark]

A. But-1-ene and but-2-ene are geometrical isomers.

B. But-1-ene has two geometrical isomers.

C. Butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol are optical isomers.

D. Butan-2-ol has two optical isomers.

Which combination of enthalpy change and entropy change produces a non-spontaneous reaction at all temperatures? [1 mark]
69.

62. Which type(s) of stereoisomerism, if any, is/are present in the molecule CH 2=CHCHBrCH3? [1 mark]

A. Optical only

B. Geometric only

C. Optical and geometric

D. Neither optical nor geometric

63. What is the correct definition of lattice enthalpy? [1 mark]

70. Which equation represents the lattice enthalpy of calcium chloride? [1 mark]
A. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is separated into gaseous ions.
A. CaCl(s) → Ca+(g) + Cl−(g)
B. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is separated into its ions in their standard state.
B. CaCl2(s) → Ca2+(g) + 2Cl−(g)
C. Enthalpy change when one mole of a solid ionic compound is formed from gaseous elements.
C. CaCl2(g) → Ca2+(g) + 2Cl−(g)
D. Enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from the elements in their standard states.
D. CaCl2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)

64. Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy? [1 mark]

71. In which reaction will the entropy of the system increase significantly? [1 mark]
A. 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
A. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
B. N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
B. H2O(g) → H2O(l)
C. 2HCl(aq) + MgCO3(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
C. HCl(g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl(s)
D. NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
D. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

65. Which change must be negative when a reaction occurs spontaneously? [1 mark]
Which equation represents the second electron affinity of oxygen? [1 mark]
72.
A. ΔH A. 1
O (g) + 2e− → O2−(g)
2 2
B. ΔG
B. O(g) + 2e− → O2−(g)
C. ΔS
C. O2(g) + 4e− → 2O2−(g)
D. ΔT
D. O−(g) + e− → O2−(g)

5
 What does a polarimeter measure? [1 mark] 78. Which ionic compound has the most endothermic lattice enthalpy? [1 mark]
73.
A. Colour of reaction mixture A. Sodium chloride

B. Polarity of a molecule B. Sodium oxide

C. Configuration of a molecule as R or S C. Magnesium chloride

D. Rotation of plane-polarized light D. Magnesium oxide

74. Which compound can exist as stereoisomers? [1 mark] 79. Which processes are predicted to have a positive entropy change, ΔS? [1 mark]

A. 1,2-dichloroethane I. I2(g) → I2(s)

B. 1,1-dichloroethene II. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
C. Butan-2-ol III. CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g)
D. Propan-2-ol A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

75. What is the structural formula of the ester formed by reacting propanoic acid with 2-methylbutan-2-ol under appropriate conditions? [1 mark]
D. I, II and III

–1 3
80. 7.102 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142.04 g mol ) is dissolved in water to prepare 0.5000 dm of solution. What is the concentration of [1 mark]
Na2SO4 in mol dm−3?
A. 2.500 × 10−2
B. 1.000 × 10−1
C. 1.000 × 10
D. 1.000 × 102

81. What is the name of (CH3)3CCOCH3, applying IUPAC rules? [1 mark]

A. 2,2-dimethylbutan-3-one

76. Which statements explain why a catalyst is used in the Contact process (shown below)? [1 mark]
B. 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
1 C. 2,2-dimethylbutanal
SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ SO3(g)
2
D. 3,3-dimethylbutanal
I. A catalyst lowers the activation energy.

II. A catalyst moves the position of equilibrium towards the product.

What is the major organic product formed from the reaction of (CH 3)3CBr with a concentrated, ethanolic solution of KOH? [1 mark]
III. A catalyst allows the same rate to be achieved at a lower temperature. 82.
A. (CH3)3COH
B. (CH3)2CCH2
A. I and II only
C. (CH3)2CO
B. I and III only
D. (CH3)2CHO
C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

83. What is the organic product of the reaction between butan-1-ol and ethanoic acid on heating using concentrated sulfuric acid? [1 mark]

A. Butyl methanoate
77. Consider the following two equations. [1 mark]
B. Butyl ethanoate
2Ca(s) + O2(g) → 2CaO(s) ΔH Θ = +x kJ
C. Ethyl butanoate
Ca(s) + 0.5O2(g) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) ΔH Θ = +y kJ
D. Ethyl propanoate
What is ΔH Θ , in kJ, for the following reaction?

CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s)

A. y − 0.5x 84. Which process is endothermic? [1 mark]

B. y−x A. 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)

C. 0.5 − y B. Na(g) → Na+(g) + e−

D. x−y C. H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

D. NH3(g) → NH3(l)
85. Which combination of ions will give the greatest absolute lattice enthalpy? [1 mark] 90. What is the name of the following compound applying IUPAC rules? [1 mark]

A. A small positive ion with a high charge and a small negative ion with a high charge

B. A small positive ion with a low charge and a small negative ion with a low charge

C. A large positive ion with a high charge and a large negative ion with a high charge

D. A large positive ion with a low charge and a small negative ion with a low charge

Θ
86. Which process would be expected to have a ΔS value which is negative? [1 mark]

A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

B. NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl−(g)
C. H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g)
A. cis-4-methylhex-2-ene
D. OF2(g) + H2O(g) → O2(g) + 2HF(g)
B. cis-4-ethylpent-2-ene

C. trans-4-methylhex-2-ene
87. When solid potassium chlorate, KClO3, dissolves in distilled water the temperature of the solution decreases. What are the signs of [1 mark] D. trans-4-ethylpent-2-ene
ΔH Θ, ΔS Θ and ΔGΘ for this spontaneous process?

91. Which factors affect the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes? [1 mark]

I. The nature of the attacking nucleophile

II. The identity of the halogen

III. The structure of the halogenoalkane

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

88. When gaseous nitrosyl chloride, NOCl (g), decomposes, the following equilibrium is established: [1 mark]
D. I, II and III
2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

2.0 mol of NOCl(g) were placed in a 1.0 dm3 container and allowed to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium 1.0 mol of NOCl(g) was present.
92. Which molecule exhibits optical isomerism? [1 mark]
What is the value of Kc?
A. 3-chloropentane
A. 0.50
B. 2-chlorobutane
B. 1.0
C. 1,3-dichloropropane
C. 1.5
D. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
D. 2.0

93. Enthalpy changes of reaction are provided for the following reactions. [1 mark]
89. Which graph represents the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature? [1 mark]
2C(s) + 2H2(g) → C2H4(g) ΔH Θ = +52 kJ mol−1
2C(s) + 3H2(g) → C2H6(g) ΔH Θ = −85 kJ mol−1

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, for the reaction between ethene and hydrogen?

C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)

A. –137

B. –33

C. +33

D. +137

94. Which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy change of combustion? [1 mark]

A. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

B. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
C. 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
D. C5H12(g) + 8O2(g) → 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
 Θ
95. Which reactions/processes have a positive entropy change, ΔS ? [1 mark]
100. Which structure is a geometric isomer of cis-1,2-dichlorocyclobutane? [1 mark]

I. NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)
II. Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO2(g) + 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
III. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

96. Which compound has the most positive lattice enthalpy of dissociation? [1 mark]

A. NaCl

B. NaBr

C. MgCl2
D. MgBr2
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97. What are possible products of the incomplete combustion of propan-2-ol? [1 mark] Printed for The Edge Learning Center
A. carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon

B. carbon dioxide, carbon and hydrogen

C. carbon, carbon monoxide and water

D. carbon dioxide and water only

98. 1-bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, can be converted to 1-aminopentane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2, in a two-step process. [1 mark]

I
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br → CH3CH2CH2CH2CN
II
CH3CH2CH2CH2CN −→ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

What are the reagents I and II?

99. Which halogenoalkane reacts the fastest with hydroxide ions in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? [1 mark]

A. 1-chlorobutane

B. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

C. 1-iodobutane

D. 2-iodo-2-methylpropane