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(i) By vessel, aircraft, tank truck, tank Amdt. 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985;
car, or other non-pipeline mode of Amdt. 195-36, 52 FR 15005, Apr. 22, 1986;
transportation; or Amdt. 195-36C, 51 FR 20976, June 10,
(ii) Through facilities located on the 1986; Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12,
grounds of a materials transportation 1991; Amdt. 195-47, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5,
terminal that are used exclusively to transfer 1991; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28,
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide between 1994; Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR 35465, July 12,
non-pipeline modes of transportation or 1994; Amdt. 195-57, 62 FR 31364, June 9,
between a non-pipeline mode and a pipeline, 1997; Amdt. 195-57A, 62 FR 52511, Oct. 8,
not including any device and associated 1997; Amdt. 195-59, 62 FR 61692, Nov. 19,
piping that are necessary to control pressure 1997; Amdt. 195-64, 63 FR 46692, Sep. 2,
in the pipeline under §195.406(b); and, 1998; Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2,
(10) Transportation of carbon dioxide 1999; Amdt. 195-78, 68 FR 46109, Aug. 5,
downstream from the following point, as 2003; 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005]
applicable:
(i) The inlet of a compressor used in the
injection of carbon dioxide for oil recovery §195.2 Definitions.
operations, or the point where recycled
carbon dioxide enters the injection system, As used in this part–
whichever is farther upstream; or
(ii) The connection of the first branch Abandoned means permanently
pipeline in the production field that removed from service.
transports carbon dioxide to injection wells Administrator means the Administrator,
or to headers or manifolds from which Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety
pipelines branch to injection wells. Administration or his or her delegate.
(c) Breakout tanks subject to this part
must comply with requirements that apply Barrel means a unit of measure-ment
specifically to breakout tanks and, to the equal to 42 U.S. standard gallons.
extent applicable, with requirements that
apply to pipeline systems and pipeline Breakout tank means a tank used to (a)
facilities. If a conflict exists between a relieve surges in a hazardous liquid pipeline
requirement that applies specifically to system or (b) receive and store hazardous
breakout tanks and a requirement that liquid transported by a pipeline for
applies to pipeline systems or pipeline reinjection and continued transportation by
facilities, the requirement that applies pipeline.
specifically to breakout tanks prevails.
Anhydrous ammonia breakout tanks need Carbon dioxide means a fluid consisting
not comply with §§195.132(b), 195.205(b), of more than 90 percent carbon dioxide
195.242 (c) and (d), 195.264 (b) and (e), molecules compressed to a supercritical
195.307, 195.428 (c) and (d), and 195.432 state.
(b) and (c).
Component means any part of a pipeline
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by which may be subjected to pump pressure
Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970; including, but not limited to, pipe, valves,
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; elbows, tees, flanges, and closures.
Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895, Apr. 23, 1985;
Nominal wall thickness means the wall Pipeline or pipeline system means all
thickness listed in the pipe specifications. parts of a pipeline facility through which a
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide moves in
Offshore means beyond the line of transportation, including, but not limited to,
ordinary low water along that portion of the line pipe, valves and other appurtenances
coast of the United States that is in direct connected to line pipe, pumping units,
contact with the open seas and beyond the fabricated assemblies associated with
line marking the seaward limit of inland pumping units, metering and delivery
waters. stations and fabricated assemblies therein,
and breakout tanks.
Operator means a person who owns or
operates pipeline facilities. Pipeline facility means new and existing
pipe, rights-of-way, and any equipment,
Outer Continental Shelf means all facility, or building used in the
submerged lands lying seaward and outside transportation of hazardous liquids or carbon
the area of lands beneath navigable waters dioxide.
as defined in Section 2 of the Submerged
Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301) and of which Production facility means piping or
the subsoil and seabed appertain to the equipment used in the production,
United States and are subject to its extraction, recovery, lifting, stabiliza-tion,
jurisdiction and control. separation or treating of petroleum or carbon
dioxide, or associated storage or
Person means any individual, firm, joint measurement. (To be a production facility
venture, partnership, corporation, under this definition, piping or equipment
association, State, municipality, cooperative must be used in the process of extracting
association, or joint stock association, and petroleum or carbon dioxide from the
includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or ground or from facilities where CO2 is
personal repre-sentative thereof. produced, and preparing it for transportation
by pipeline. This includes piping between
Petroleum means crude oil, condensate, treatment plants which extract carbon
natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, and dioxide, and facilities utilized for the
liquefied petroleum gas. injection of carbon dioxide for recovery
operations.)
Petroleum product means flammable,
toxic, or corrosive products obtained from Rural area means outside the limits of
distilling and processing of crude oil, any incorporated or unincorporated city,
unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, blend town, village, or any other designated
stocks and other miscellaneous hydrocarbon residential or commercial area such as a
compounds. subdivision, a business or shopping center,
or community development.
Pipe or line pipe means a tube, usually
cylindrical, through which a hazardous Specified minimum yield strength
liquid or carbon dioxide flows from one means the minimum yield strength,
point to another. expressed in p.s.i. (kPa ) gage, prescribed by
the specification under which the material is
purchased from the manufacturer.
Stress level means the level of tangential §195.3 Matter incorporated by reference
or hoop stress, usually expressed as a in whole or in part.
percentage of specified minimum yield
strength. (a) Any document or portion thereof
incorporated by reference in this part is
Surge pressure means pressure included in this part as though it were
produced by a change in velocity of the printed in full. When only a portion of a
moving stream that results from shutting document is referenced, then this part
down a pump station or pumping unit, incorporates only that referenced portion of
closure of a valve, or any other blockage of the document and the reminder is not
the moving stream. incorporated. Applicable editions are listed
in paragraph (c) of this section in
Toxic product means “poisonous parentheses following the title of the
material” as defined by 173.132 Class 6, referenced material. Earlier editions listed
Division 6.1-Definitions of this chapter. in previous editions of this section may be
used for components manufactured,
Unusually sensitive area (USA) means a designed, or installed in accordance with
drinking water or ecological resource area those earlier editions at the time they were
that is unusually sensitive to environmental listed. The user must refer to the
damage from a hazardous liquid pipeline appropriate previous edition of 49 CFR for a
release, as identified under §195.6. listing of the earlier editions.
(b) All incorporated materials are
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by available for inspection in the Pipeline and
Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970; Hazardous Materials SafetyAdministration,
Amdt 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973; 400 Seventh Street, SW, Washington, DC,
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; or at the National Archives and Records
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; Administration (NARA). For information on
Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895, Apr. 23, 1985; the availability of this material at NARA,
Amdt. 195-33C, 50 FR 38659, Sept. 24, call 202-741-6030 or go to:
1985; Amdt. 195-36, 51 FR 15005, Apr. 22, http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/co
1986; Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, de_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.ht
1991; Amdt. 195-47, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5, ml. These materials have been approved for
1991; Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, incorporation by reference by the Director
1994; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
1994; Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR 35465, July 12, U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. In
1994; Amdt. 195-59, 62 FR 61692, Nov. 19, addition, materials incorporated by reference
1997; Amdt. 195-62, 63 FR 36373, July 6, are available as follows:
1998; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13,
1998; Amdt. 195-69, 65 FR 54440, Sept. 8,
2000, Amdt. 915-71, 65 FR 80530, Dec. 21, 1. Pipeline Research Council
2000; Amdt. 195-77, 68 FR 11748, Mar. 12, International, Inc. (PRCI), c/o Technical
2003; Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, Toolboxes, 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 520,
2004; Amdt. 195-82, 69 FR 48400, Aug. 10, Houston, TX 77098.
2004; 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005]
(7) ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel Code, Section IX “Welding §195.222.
and Brazing Qualifications,” (2004 edition, including addenda
through July 1, 2005).
D. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings §195.118(a).
Industry, Inc. (MSS):
(1) MSS SP-75-2004 “Specification for High Test Wrought Butt
Welding Fittings” .
(2) [Reserved].
E. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): §195.106(e).
(1) ASTM Designation: A53/A53M-04a (2004) “Standard
Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated
Welded and Seamless” .
(2) ASTM Designation: A106/A106M-04b (2004) “Standard §195.106(e).
Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service” .
(3) ASTM Designation: A 333/A 333M-05 “Standard §195.106(e).
Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-
Temperature Service” .
(4) ASTM Designation: A 381-96 (Reapproved 2001) “Standard §195.106(e).
Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-
Pressure Transmission Systems” .
(5) ASTM Designation: A 671-04 (2004) “Standard Specification §195.106(e).
for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower
Temperatures” .
(6) ASTM Designation: A 672-96 (Reapproved 2001) “Standard §195.106(e).
Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-
Pressure Service at Moderate Temperatures” .
(7) ASTM Designation: A 691-98 (Reapproved 2002) “Standard §195.106(e).
Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe Electric-Fusion-
Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures” .
F. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): §195.264(b)(1).
(1) NFPA 30 (2003) “Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Code” .
(2) [Reserved].
G. NACE International (NACE): §195.571
(1) NACE Standard RP0169-2002 “Control of External
Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems” .
(2) NACE Standard RP0502-2002 “Pipeline External Corrosion §195.588
Direct Assessment Methodology'' (2002).
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
Amdt. 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973; Amdt. 195-32, 49 FR 36859, Sep. 20, 1984;
Amdt. 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976; Amdt. 195-37, 51 FR 15333, Apr. 23. 1986;
Amdt. 195-14, 43 FR 18553, May 1, 1978; Amdt. 195-40, 54 FR 5625, Feb. 6. 1989;
Amdt. 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981; Amdt. 195-41, 54 FR 22781, July 3, 1989;
Amdt. 195-43, 54 FR 32344, Aug. 7, 1989; historical records are not available,
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; appropriate tests must be performed to
Amdt. 195-48, 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993; determine if the pipeline is in satisfactory
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994; condition for safe operation. If one or more
Amdt. 195-56, 61 FR 26121, May, 24, 1996; of the variables necessary to verify the
Amdt. 195-56A, 61 FR 36825, July 15, design pressure under §195.106 or to
1996; Amdt. 195-61, 63 FR 7721, Feb. 17, perform the testing under paragraph (a) (4)
1998; Amdt. 195-62, 63 FR 36373, July 6, of this section is unknown, the design
1998; Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, pressure may be verified and the maximum
1999; Amdt. 195-66A, 65 FR 4770, Feb. 1, operating pressure determine by-
2000; Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, (i) Testing the pipeline in accordance
2002; Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, with ASME B31.8, Appendix N, to produce
2004; Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 28833, May 19, a stress equal to the yield strength; and
2005; Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25, (ii) Applying, to not more than 80
2005; Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402, June 9, percent of the first pressure that produces a
2006] yielding, the design factor F in §195.106(a)
and the appropriate factors in §195.106(e).
(2) The pipeline right-of-way, all
§195.4 Compatibility necessary for aboveground segments of the pipeline, and
transportation of hazardous liquids or appropriately selected underground
carbon dioxide. segments must be visually inspected for
physical defects and operating conditions
No person may transport any hazardous which reasonably could be expected to
liquid or carbon dioxide unless the impair the strength or tightness of the
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide is pipeline.
chemically compatible with both the (3) All known unsafe defects and
pipeline, including all components, and any conditions must be corrected in accordance
other commodity that it may come into with this part.
contact with while in the pipeline. (4) The pipeline must be tested in
accordance with subpart E of this part to
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by substantiate the maximum operating
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; pressure permitted by §195.406.
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991] (b) A pipeline that qualifies for use
under this section need not comply with the
corrosion control requirements of subpart H
§195.5 Conversion to service subject to this of this part until 12 months after it is placed
part. into service, notwithstanding any previous
deadlines for compliance.
(a) A steel pipeline previously used in (c) Each operator must keep for the life
service not subject to this part qualifies for of the pipeline a record of the investigations,
use under this part if the operator prepares tests, repairs, replacements, and alterations
and follows a written procedure to made under the requirements of paragraph
accomplish the following: (a) of this section.
(1) The design, construction, operation,
and maintenance history of the pipeline [Amdt. 195-13, 43 FR 6786, Feb. 16, 1979
must be reviewed and, where sufficient as amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357,
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, (5) An area containing an imperiled
June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, species, threatened or endangered species,
Dec. 27, 2002] depleted marine mammal species, or
imperiled ecological community where the
species or community occurrence is
§195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs). considered to be one of the most viable,
highest quality, or in the best condition, as
As used in this part, a USA means a identified by an element occurrence ranking
drinking water or ecological resource area (EORANK) of A (excellent quality) or B
that is unusually sensitive to environmental (good quality).
damage from a hazardous liquid pipeline (c) As used in this part--
release. Adequate Alternative Drinking Water
(a) An USA drinking water resource is: Source means a source of water that
(1) The water intake for a Community currently exists, can be used almost
Water System (CWS) or a Non- immediately with a minimal amount of
transient Non-community Water System effort and cost, involves no decline in water
(NTNCWS) that obtains its water supply quality, and will meet the consumptive,
primarily from a surface water source and hygiene, and fire fighting requirements of
does not have an adequate alternative the existing population of impacted
drinking water source; customers for at least one month for a
(2) The Source Water Protection Area surface water source of water and at least six
(SWPA) for a CWS or a NTNCWS that months for a groundwater source.
obtains its water supply from a Class I or Aquatic or Aquatic Dependent Species
Class IIA aquifer and does not have an or Community means a species or
adequate alternative drinking water source. community that primarily occurs in aquatic,
Where a state has not yet identified the marine, or wetland habitats, as well as
SWPA, the Wellhead Protection Area species that may use terrestrial habitats
(WHPA) will be used until the state has during all or some portion of their life cycle,
identified the SWPA; or but that are still closely associated with or
(3) The sole source aquifer recharge area dependent upon aquatic, marine, or wetland
where the sole source aquifer is a karst habitats for some critical component or
aquifer in nature. portion of their life-history (i.e.,
(b) An USA ecological resource is: reproduction, rearing and development,
(1) An area containing a critically feeding, etc).
imperiled species or ecological community; Class I Aquifer means an aquifer that is
(2) A multi-species assemblage area; surficial or shallow, permeable, and is
(3) A migratory waterbird concentration highly vulnerable to contamination. Class I
area; aquifers include:
(4) An area containing an imperiled (1) Unconsolidated Aquifers (Class Ia)
species, threatened or endangered species, that consist of surficial, unconsolidated, and
depleted marine mammal species, or an permeable alluvial, terrace, outwash, beach,
imperiled ecological community where the dune and other similar deposits. These
species or community is aquatic, aquatic aquifers generally contain layers of sand and
dependent, or terrestrial with a limited gravel that, commonly, are interbedded to
range; or some degree with silt and clay. Not all Class
Ia aquifers are important water-bearing
units, but they are likely to be both contain lesser amounts of interbedded fine
permeable and vulnerable. The only natural grained clastics (shale, siltstone, mudstone)
protection of these aquifers is the thickness and occasionally carbonate units. In general,
of the unsaturated zone and the presence of well yields must exceed 50 gallons per
fine-grained material; minute to be included in this class. Local
(2) Soluble and Fractured Bedrock fracturing may contribute to the dominant
Aquifers (Class Ib). Lithologies in this class primary porosity and permeability of these
include limestone, dolomite, and, locally, systems.
evaporitic units that contain documented Community Water System (CWS) means
karst features or solution channels, a public water system that serves at least 15
regardless of size. Generally these aquifers service connections used by year-round
have a wide range of permeability. Also residents of the area or regularly serves at
included in this class are sedimentary strata, least 25 year-round residents.
and metamorphic and igneous (intrusive and Critically imperiled species or
extrusive) rocks that are significantly ecological community (habitat) means an
faulted, fractured, or jointed. In all cases animal or plant species or an ecological
groundwater movement is largely controlled community of extreme rarity, based on The
by secondary openings. Well yields range Nature Conservancy's Global Conservation
widely, but the important feature is the Status Rank. There are generally 5 or fewer
potential for rapid vertical and lateral occurrences, or very few remaining
ground water movement along preferred individuals (less than 1,000) or acres (less
pathways, which result in a high degree of than 2,000). These species and ecological
vulnerability; communities are extremely vulnerable to
(3) Semiconsolidated Aquifers (Class Ic) extinction due to some natural or man-made
that generally contain poorly to moderately factor.
indurated sand and gravel that is interbedded Depleted marine mammal species means
with clay and silt. This group is intermediate a species that has been identified and is
to the unconsolidated and consolidated end protected under the Marine Mammal
members. These systems are common in the Protection Act of 1972, as amended
Tertiary age rocks that are exposed (MMPA) (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). The term
throughout the Gulf and Atlantic coastal “depleted” refers to marine mammal species
states. Semiconsolidated conditions also that are listed as threatened or endangered,
arise from the presence of intercalated clay or are below their optimum sustainable
and caliche within primarily unconsolidated populations (16 U.S.C. 1362). The term
to poorly consolidated units, such as occurs “marine mammal” means “any mammal
in parts of the High Plains Aquifer; or which is morphologically adapted to the
(4) Covered Aquifers (Class Id) that are marine environment (including sea otters
any Class I aquifer overlain by less than 50 and members of the orders Sirenia,
feet of low permeability, unconsolidated Pinnipedia, and Cetacea), or primarily
material, such as glacial till, lacustrian, and inhabits the marine environment (such as the
loess deposits. polar bear)” (16 U.S.C. 1362). The order
Class IIa aquifer means a Higher Yield Sirenia includes manatees, the order
Bedrock Aquifer that is consolidated and is Pinnipedia includes seals, sea lions, and
moderately vulnerable to contamination. walruses, and the order Cetacea includes
These aquifers generally consist of fairly dolphins, porpoises, and whales.
permeable sandstone or conglomerate that
both, as part of the state source water and has been designated as a hemispheric
assessment program (SWAP) approved by reserve, international reserve, regional
EPA under section 1453 of the Safe reserve, or endangered species reserve.
Drinking Water Act. Hemispheric reserves host at least 500,000
Species means species, subspecies, shorebirds annually or 30% of a species
population stocks, or distinct vertebrate flyway population. International reserves
populations. host 100,000 shorebirds annually or 15% of
Terrestrial ecological community with a a species flyway population. Regional
limited range means a non-aquatic or non- reserves host 20,000 shorebirds annually or
aquatic dependent ecological community 5% of a species flyway population.
that covers less than five (5) acres. Endangered species reserves are critical to
Terrestrial species with a limited range the survival of endangered species and no
means a non-aquatic or non-aquatic minimum number of birds is required.
dependent animal or plant species that has a
range of no more than five (5) acres. [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Threatened and endangered species Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970;
(T&E) means an animal or plant species that Amdt. 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973;
has been listed and is protected under the Amdt. 195-71, 65 FR 80530, Dec. 21, 2000]
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended (ESA73) (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
“Endangered species” is defined as “any
species which is in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of its
range” (16 U.S.C. 1532). “Threatened §195.8 Transportation of hazardous
species” is defined as “any species which is liquid or carbon dioxide in pipelines
likely to become an endangered species constructed with other than steel pipe.
within the foreseeable future throughout all
or a significant portion of its range” (16 No person may transport any hazardous
U.S.C. 1532). liquid or carbon dioxide through a pipe that
Transient Non-community Water System is constructed after October 1, 1970, for
(TNCWS) means a public water system that hazardous liquids or after July 12, 1991 for
does not regularly serve at least 25 of the carbon dioxide of material other than steel
same persons over six months per year. This unless the person has notified the
type of water system serves a transient Administrator in writing at least 90 days
population found at rest stops, campgrounds, before the transportation is to begin. The
restaurants, and parks with their own source notice must state whether carbon dioxide or
of water. a hazardous liquid is to be transported and
Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) the chemical name, common name,
means the surface and subsurface area properties, and characteristics of the
surrounding a well or well field that supplies hazardous liquid to be transported and the
a public water system through which material used in construction of the pipeline.
contaminants are likely to pass and If the Administrator determines that the
eventually reach the water well or well field. transportation of the hazardous liquid or
Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve carbon dioxide in the manner proposed
Network (WHSRN) site means an area that would be unduly hazardous, he will, within
contains migratory shorebird concentrations 90 days after receipt of the notice, order the
person that gave the notice, in writing, not to An operator may make arrangements
transport the hazardous liquid or carbon with another person for the performance of
dioxide in the proposed manner until further any action required by this part. However,
notice. the operator is not thereby relieved from the
responsibility for compliance with any
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by requirement of this part.
Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970;
Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991,
Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994]
Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and value of lost product, and damage to the
Safety-Related Condition Reporting property of the operator or others, or both,
exceeding $50,000.
§195.49 Annual report.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Beginning no later than June 15, 2005, Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979;
each operator must annually complete and Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981,
submit DOT form RSPA F 7000-1.1 for Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988;
each type of hazardous liquid pipeline Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991;
facility operated at the end of the previous Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994;
year. A separate report is required for crude Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998;
oil, HVL (including anhydrous ammonia), Amdt. 195-75, 67 FR 831, Jan. 8, 2002;
petroleum products, and carbon dioxide Amdt. 195-75a, 67 FR 6436, Feb. 12, 2002]
pipelines. Operators are encouraged, but not
required, to file an annual report by June 15,
2004, for calendar year 2003. §195.52 Telephonic notice of certain
accidents.
[Amdt. 195-80, 69 FR 537, Jan. 6, 2004]
(a) At the earliest practicable moment
following discovery of a release of the
§195.50 Reporting accidents. hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide
transported resulting in an event described
An accident report is required for each in §195.50, the operator of the system shall
failure in a pipeline system subject to this give notice, in accordance with paragraph
part in which there is a release of the (b) of this section, of any failure that:
hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide (1) Caused a death or a personal injury
transported resulting in any of the following: requiring hospitalization;
(a) Explosion or fire not intentionally set (2) Resulted in either a fire or explosion
by the operator. not intentionally set by the operator;
(b) Release of 5 gallons (19 liters) or (3) Caused estimated property damage,
more of hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide, including cost of cleanup and recovery,
except that no report is required for a release value of lost product, and damage to the
of less than 5 barrels (0.8 cubic meters) property of the operator or others, or both,
resulting from a pipeline maintenance exceeding $50,000;
activity if the release is: (4) Resulted in pollution of any stream,
(1) Not otherwise reportable under this river, lake, reservoir, or other similar body
section; of water that violated applicable water
(2) Not one described in §195.52(a)(4); quality standards, caused a discoloration of
(3) Confined to company property or the surface of the water or adjoining
pipeline right-of-way; and shoreline, or deposited a sludge or emulsion
(4) Cleaned up promptly; beneath the surface of the water or upon
(c) Death of any person; adjoining shorelines; or
(d) Personal injury necessitating (5) In the judgment of the operator was
hospitalization; significant even though it did not meet the
(e) Estimated property damage, criteria of any other paragraph of this
including cost of clean-up and recovery, section.
(2) Is an accident that is required to be (4) Name, job title, and business
reported under §195.50 or results in such an telephone number of person who determined
accident before the deadline for filing the that the condition exists.
safety-related condition report; or (5) Date condition was discovered and
(3) Is corrected by repair or replacement date condition was first determined to exist.
in accordance with applicable safety (6) Location of condition, with reference
standards before the deadline for filing the to the State (and town, city, or county) or
safety-related condition report, except that offshore site, and as appropriate nearest
reports are required for all conditions under street address, offshore platform, survey
paragraph (a)(1) of this section other than station number, milepost, landmark, or name
localized corrosion pitting on an effectively of pipeline.
coated and cathodically protected pipeline. (7) Description of the condition,
including circumstances leading to its
[Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988 discovery, any significant effects of the
as amended by Amdt. 195-39C, 53 FR condition on safety, and the name of the
36942, Sept. 22, 1988; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR commodity transported or stored.
37500, July 13, 1998] (8) The corrective action taken
(including reduction of pressure or
shutdown) before the report is submitted and
§195.56 Filing safety-related condition the planned follow-up or future corrective
reports. action, including the anticipated schedule
for starting and concluding such action.
(a) Each report of a safety-related
condition under §195.55(a) must be filed [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(received by the Administrator) in writing Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
within 5 working days (not including Amdt 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985;
Saturdays, Sundays, or Federal holidays) Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988;
after the day a representative of the operator Amdt. 195-39C, 53 FR 36942, Sept. 22,
first determines that the condition exists, but 1988; Amdt. 195-42, 54 FR 32342, Aug. 7,
not later than 10 working days after the day 1989; Amdt. 195-44, 54 FR 40878, Oct. 4,
a representative of the operator discovers the 1989; Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12,
condition. Separate conditions may be 1994; Amdt. 195-61, 63 FR 7721, Feb. 17,
described in a single report if they are 1998]
closely related. To file a report by facsimile
(fax), dial (202) 366-7128.
(b) The report must be headed "Safety- §195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condition
Related Condition Report" and provide the reports.
following information:
(1) Name and principal address of (a) Each operator shall, within 60 days
operator. after completion of the inspection of all its
(2) Date of report. underwater pipelines subject to §195.413(a),
(3) Name, job title, and business report the following information:
telephone number of person submitting the (1) Name and principal address of
report. operator.
(2) Date of report.
(3) Name, job title, and business and provide for further transmittal of one
telephone number of person submitting the copy within 10 days of receipt to the
report. Information Resources Manager. Safety-
(4) Total number of miles (kilometers) related condition reports required by
of pipeline inspected. §195.55 for intrastate pipelines must be
(5) Length and date of installation of submitted concurrently to the State agency,
each exposed pipeline segment, and and if that agency acts as an agent of the
location; including, if available, the location Secretary with respect to interstate pipelines,
according to the Minerals Management safety-related condition reports for these
Service or state offshore area and block pipelines must be submitted concurrently to
number tract. that agency.
(6) Length and date of installation of
each pipeline segment, if different from a [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
pipeline segment identified under paragraph Amdt 195-5, 38 FR 2977, Jan. 31, 1973;
(a)(5) of this section, that is a hazard to Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981,
navigation, and the location; including, if Amdt. 195-23, 47 FR 32719, July 29, 1982;
available, the location according to the Amdt 195-34, 50 FR 34470, Aug. 26, 1985;
Minerals Management Service or state Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988;
offshore area and block number tract. Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994;
(b) The report shall be mailed to the Amdt. 195-55, 61 FR 18512, Apr. 26, 1996;
Information Officer, Pipeline Hazardous Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, 2004;
Materials Safety Administration, 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005]
Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590.
§195.59 Abandoned underwater facilities
[Amdt. 195-47, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5, 1991 report.
as amended by Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500,
July 13, 1998; 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005] For each abandoned offshore pipeline
facility or each abandoned onshore pipeline
facility that crosses over, under or through a
§195.58 Address for written reports. commercially navigable waterway, the last
operator of that facility must file a report
Each written report required by this upon abandonment of that facility.
subpart must be made to the Information (a) The preferred method to submit data
Resources Manager, Office of Pipeline on pipeline facilities abandoned after
Safety, Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety October 10, 2000 is to the National Pipeline
Administration, U.S. Department of Mapping System (NPMS) in accordance
Transportation, Room 7128, 400 Seventh with the NPMS “Standards for Pipeline and
Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Liquefied Natural Gas Operator
However, accident reports for intrastate Submissions.” To obtain a copy of the
pipelines subject to the jurisdiction of a NPMS Standards, please refer to the NPMS
State agency pursuant to a certification homepage at www.npms.PHMSA.dot.gov or
under the pipeline safety laws (49 U.S.C. contact the NPMS National Repository at
60101 et seq.) may be submitted in duplicate 703-317-3073. A digital data format is
to that State agency if the regulations of that preferred, but hard copy submissions are
agency require submission of these reports acceptable if they comply with the NPMS
[Amdt. 195-28, 48 FR 30637, July 5, 1983] P = Internal design pressure in p.s.i. (kPa)
gage.
than 1.11 times the smallest measurement [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
taken on pipe that is 20 inches (508 mm) or Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
more in nominal outside diameter. Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
(d) The minimum wall thickness of the Amdt 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981;
pipe may not be less than 87.5 percent of the Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
value used for nominal wall thickness in Amdt. 195-30, 49 FR 7567, Mar. 1, 1984;
determining the internal design pressure Amdt. 195-37, 51 FR 15333, Apr. 23, 1986;
under paragraph (a) of this section. In Amdt. 195-40, 54 FR 5625, Feb. 6, 1989;
addition, the anticipated external loads and Amdt. 195-48, 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993;
external pressures that are concurrent with Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994;
internal pressure must be considered in Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994;
accordance with §§195.108 and 195.110 Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
and, after determining the internal design
pressure, the nominal wall thickness must be
increased as necessary to compensate for §195.108 External pressure.
these concurrent loads and pressures.
(e) The seam joint factor used in Any external pressure that will be
paragraph (a) of this section is determined in exerted on the pipe must be provided for in
accordance with the following table: designing a pipeline system.
A carbon dioxide pipeline system must Any used pipe installed in a pipeline
be designed to mitigate the effects of system must comply with §195.112 (a) and
fracture propagation. (b) and the following:
(a) The pipe must be of a known
[Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, specification and the seam joint factor must
1991] be determined in accordance with
§195.106(e). If the specified minimum yield
strength or the wall thickness is not known,
§195.112 New pipe. it is determined in accordance with
§195.106 (b) or (c) as appropriate.
Any new pipe installed in a pipeline (b) There may not be any:
system must comply with the following: (1) Buckles;
(a) The pipe must be made of steel of the (2) Cracks, grooves, gouges, dents, or
carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy other surface defects that exceed the
type that is able to withstand the internal maximum depth of such a defect permitted
pressures and external loads and pressures by the specification to which the pipe was
anticipated for the pipeline system. manufactured; or
(b) The pipe must be made in (3) Corroded areas where the remaining
accordance with a written pipe specification wall thickness is less than the minimum
that sets forth the chemical requirements for thickness required by the tolerances in the
the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the specification to which the pipe was
pipe to provide pipe suitable for the use manufactured.
intended. However, pipe that does not meet the
(c) Each length of pipe with a nominal requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this
outside diameter of 4½ in (114.3 mm) or section may be used if the operating
more must be marked on the pipe or pipe pressure is reduced to be commensurate
coating with the specification to which it with the remaining wall thickness.
was made, the specified minimum yield
strength or grade, and the pipe size. The [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
marking must be applied in a manner that Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970;
does not damage the pipe or pipe coating Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
and must remain visible until the pipe is
installed.
§195.116 Valves.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; Each valve installed in a pipeline system
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994; must comply with the following:
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998] (a) The valve must be of a sound
engineering design.
(b) Materials subject to the internal
pressure of the pipeline system, including
welded and flanged ends, must be
compatible with the pipe or fittings to which
the valve is attached.
§195.114 Used pipe.
(c) Each part of the valve that will be in (b) There may not be any buckles, dents,
contact with the carbon dioxide or cracks, gouges, or other defects in the fitting
hazardous liquid stream must be made of that might reduce the strength of the fitting.
materials that are compatible with carbon (c) The fitting must be suitable for the
dioxide or each hazardous liquid that it is intended service and be at least as strong as
anticipated will flow through the pipeline the pipe and other fittings in the pipeline
system. system to which it is attached.
(d) Each valve must be both
hydrostatically shell tested and [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
hydrostatically seat tested without leakage Amdt 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976;
to at least the requirements set forth in Amdt 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981;
Section 10 of API Standard 6D Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(incorporated by reference, see §195.3). 47 FR 32721, July 29, 1982, Amdt. 195-48,
(e) Each valve other than a check valve 58 FR 14519, Mar. 18, 1993]
must be equipped with a means for clearly
indicating the position of the valve (open,
closed, etc.). §195.120 Passage of internal inspection
(f) Each valve must be marked on the devices.
body or the nameplate, with at least the
following: (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)
(1) Manufacturer's name or trademark. and (c) of this section, each new pipeline
(2) Class designation or the maximum and each line section of a pipeline where the
working pressure to which the valve may be line pipe, valve, fitting or other line
subjected. component is replaced, must be designed
(3) Body material designation (the end and constructed to accommodate the passage
connection material, if more than one type is of instrumented internal inspection devices.
used). (b) This section does not apply to:
(4) Nominal valve size. (1) Manifolds;
(2) Station piping such as at pump
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by stations, meter stations, or pressure reducing
Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970; stations;
Amdt 195-9, 41 FR 13590, Mar. 31, 1976; (3) Piping associated with tank farms
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; and other storage facilities;
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; (4) Cross-overs;
Amdt. 195-86, 71 FR 33402, June 9, 2006] (5) Sizes of pipe for which an
instrumented internal inspection device is
not commercially available;
§195.118 Fittings. (6) Offshore pipelines, other than main
lines 10 inches (254 millimeters) or greater
(a) Butt-welding type fittings must meet in nominal diameter, that transport liquids to
the marking, end preparation, and the onshore facilities; and,
bursting strength requirements of (7) Other piping that the Admini-strator
ASME/ANSI B16.9 or MSS Standard under §190.9 of this chapter, finds in a
Practice SP-75. particular case would be impracticable to
design and construct to accommodate the
§195.124 Closures.
(a) Each aboveground breakout tank (without gas in the liquid). On such systems,
must be designed and constructed to each new computational pipeline monitoring
withstand the internal pressure produced by (CPM) leak detection system and each
the hazardous liquid to be stored therein and replaced component of an existing CPM
any anticipated external loads. system must comply with section 4.2 of API
(b) For aboveground breakout tanks first 1130 in its design and with any other design
placed in service after October 2, 2000, criteria addressed in API 1130 for
compliance with paragraph (a) of this components of the CPM leak detection
section requires one of the following: system.
(1) Shop-fabricated, vertical, cylindrical,
closed top, welded steel tanks with nominal [Amdt 195-62 63 FR 36373, July 6, 1998]
capacities of 90 to 750 barrels (14.3 to 119.2
m3) and with internal vapor space pressures
that are approximately atmospheric must be
designed and constructed in accordance with
API Specification 12F.
(2) Welded, low-pressure (i.e., internal
vapor space pressure not greater than 15
psig (103.4 kPa)), carbon steel tanks that
have wall shapes that can be generated by a
single vertical axis of revolution must be
designed and constructed in accordance with
API Standard 620.
(3) Vertical, cylindrical, welded steel
tanks with internal pressures at the tank top
approximating atmospheric pressures (i.e.,
internal vapor space pressures not greater
than 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa), or not greater than
the pressure developed by the weight of the
tank roof) must be designed and constructed
in accordance with API Standard 650.
(4) High pressure steel tanks (i.e.,
internal gas or vapor space pressures greater
than 15 psig (103.4 kPa)) with a nominal
capacity of 2000 gallons (7571 liters) or
more of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) must
be designed and constructed in accordance
with API Standard 2510.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by (a) Each weld and welding must be
Amdt. 195-8, 40 FR 10181, Mar. 5, 1975; inspected to ensure compliance with the
Amdt. 195-8A, 40 FR 27222, June 27, 1975; requirements of this subpart. Visual
Amdt. 195-21, 46 FR 10157, Feb. 2, 1981; inspection must be supplemented by
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; nondestructive testing.
Amdt. 195-32, 49 FR 36859, Sept. 20, 1984; (b) The acceptability of a weld is
Amdt. 195-38, 51 FR 20294, June 4, 1986; determined according to the standards in
Amdt. 195-79, 68 FR 53526, Sept. 11, 2003; Section 9 of API 1104. However, if a girth
Amdt. 195-81, 69 FR 32886, June 14, 2004; weld is unacceptable under those standards
Amdt. 195-81A, 69 FR 54591, Sept. 9, for a reason other than a crack, and if
2004] Appendix A to API 1104 (ibr, see §195.3)
applies to the weld, the acceptability of the
weld may be determined under that
§195.224 Welding: Weather. appendix.
public institutions, and places of public §195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.
assembly.
(f) When installing used pipe, 100 (a) Unless specifically exempted in this
percent of the old girth welds must be subpart, all pipe must be buried so that it is
nondestructively tested. below the level of cultivation. Except as
(g) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie-ins provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the
of replacement sections, 100 percent of the pipe must be installed so that the cover
girth welds must be nondestructively tested. between the top of the pipe and the ground
level, road bed, river bottom, or underwater
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by natural bottom (as determined by recognized
Amdt. 195-1, 35 FR 5332, Mar. 31, 1970; and generally accepted practices), as
Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976; applicable, complies with the following
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; table:
Amdt. 195-26, 48
FR 9013, Mar. 3, 1983; Amdt. 195-35, 50 Cover (inches)
FR 37191, Sep. 12, 1985; Amdt. 195-52, 59 (millimeters)
FR 33388, June 28, 1994] Location For normal For rock
excavation excavation 1
Industrial, 36 (914) 30 (762)
commercial, and
§195.246 Installation of pipe in a ditch. residential areas
Crossings of inland 48 (1219) 18 (457)
(a) All pipe installed in a ditch must be bodies of water with
installed in a manner that minimized the a width of at least
100 ft (30 m) from
introduction of secondary stresses and the high water mark to
possibility of damage to the pipe. high water mark
(b) Except for pipe in the Gulf of Drainage ditches at 36 (914) 36 (914)
Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15 public roads and
feet deep, all offshore pipe in water at least railroads
12 feet deep (3.7 meters) but not more than Deepwater port 48 (1219) 24 (610)
safety zone
200 feet deep (61 meters) deep as measured Gulf of Mexico and 36 (914) 18 (457)
from the mean low water must be installed its inlets in waters
so that the top of the pipe is below the less than 15 feet (4.6
underwater natural bottom (as determined meters) deep as
by recognized and generally accepted measured from mean
low water
practices) unless the pipe is supported by
Other offshore areas 36 (914) 18 (457)
stanchions held in place by anchors or heavy under water less than
concrete coating or protected by an 12 ft (3.7 meters)
equivalent means. deep as measured
from mean low
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by water
Any other area 30 (762) 18 (457)
Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; 1
Rock excavation is any excavation that requires
Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994; blasting or removal by equivalent means.
Amdt. 195-82, 69 FR 48400, Aug. 10, 2004]
(b) Except for the Gulf of Mexico and its
inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters)
deep, less cover than the minimum required (b) Prevents damage to the pipe and pipe
by paragraph (a) of this section and coating from equipment or from the backfill
§195.210 may be used if— material.
(1) It is impracticable to comply with the
minimum cover requirements; and [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(2) Additional protection is provided Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
that is equivalent to the minimum required Amdt. 195-79, 68 FR 53526, Sept. 11, 2003]
cover.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by The pipe at each railroad or highway
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; crossing must be installed so as to
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998] adequately withstand the dynamic forces
exerted by anticipated traffic loads.
employees and that is protected from Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976;
damage or tampering. Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(b) Each submerged valve located Amdt. 195-50, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12, 1994;
offshore or in inland navigable waters must Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998]
be marked, or located by conventional
survey techniques, to facilitate quick
location when operation of the valve is §195.262 Pumping equipment.
required.
(a) Adequate ventilation must be
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by provided in pump station buildings to
Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976; prevent the accumulation of hazardous
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981] vapors. Warning devices must be installed
to warn of the presence of hazardous vapors
in the pumping station building.
§195.260 Valves: Location. (b) The following must be provided in
each pump station:
A valve must be installed at each of the (1) Safety devices that prevent
following locations: overpressuring of pumping equipment,
(a) On the suction end and the discharge including the auxiliary pumping equipment
end of a pump station in a manner that within the pumping station.
permits isolation of the pump station (2) A device for the emergency
equipment in the event of an emergency. shutdown of each pumping station.
(b) On each line entering or leaving a (3) If power is necessary to actuate the
breakout storage tank area in a manner that safety devices, an auxiliary power supply.
permits isolation of the tank area from other (c) Each safety device must be tested
facilities. under conditions approximating actual
(c) On each mainline at locations along operations and found to function properly
the pipeline system that will minimize before the pumping station may be used.
damage or pollution from accidental (d) Except for offshore pipelines,
hazardous liquid discharge, as appropriate pumping equipment must be installed on
for the terrain in open country, for offshore property that is under the control of the
areas, or for populated areas. operator and at least 15.2 m (50 ft) from the
(d) On each lateral takeoff from a trunk boundary of the pump station.
line in a manner that permits shutting off the (e) Adequate fire protection must be
lateral without interrupting the flow in the installed at each pump station. If the fire
trunk line. protection system installed requires the use
(e) On each side of a water crossing that of pumps, motive power must be provided
is more than 100 feet (30 meters) wide from for those pumps that is separate from the
high-water mark to high-water mark unless power that operates the station.
the Administrator finds in a particular case
that valves are not justified. [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
(f) On each side of a reservoir holding Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
water for human consumption. Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994]
Apr. 23, 1985; Amdt. 195-33C, 50 FR (i) High risk if the product transported is
38659, Sept. 24; 1985; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR highly toxic or is both highly volatile and
29379, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-51B, 61 FR flammable;
43026, Aug. 20, 1996, Amdt. 195-53, 59 FR (ii) Medium risk if the product
35465, July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195-58, 62 FR transported is flammable with a flashpoint
54591, Oct. 21, 1997; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR of less than 100 deg. F, but not highly
37500, July 13, 1998, Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR volatile; or
59475, Nov. 4, 1998] (iii) Low risk if the product transported
is not high or medium risk.
(3) The volume indicator is—
§195.303 Risk-based alternative to (i) High risk if the line is at least 18
pressure testing older hazardous liquid inches in nominal diameter;
and carbon dioxide pipelines. (ii) Medium risk if the line is at least 10
inches, but less than 18 inches, in nominal
(a) An operator may elect to follow a diameter; or
program for testing a pipeline on risk-based (iii) Low risk if the line is not high or
criteria as an alternative to the pressure medium risk.
testing in §195.302(b)(1)(i)-(iii) and (4) The probability of failure indicator
§195.302(b)(2)(i) of this subpart. Appendix is—
B provides guidance on how this program (i) High risk if the segment has
will work. An operator electing such a experienced more than three failures in the
program shall assign a risk classification to last 10 years due to time-dependent defects
each pipeline segment according to the (e.g., corrosion, gouges, or problems
indicators described in paragraph (b) of this developed during manufacture, construction
section as follows: or operation, etc.); or
(1) Risk Classification A if the location (ii) Low risk if the segment has
indicator is ranked as low or medium risk, experienced three failures or less in the last
the product and volume indicators are 10 years due to time-dependent defects.
ranked as low risk, and the probability of (c) The program under paragraph (a) of
failure indicator is ranked as low risk; this section shall provide for pressure testing
(2) Risk Classification C if the location for a segment constructed of electric
indicator is ranked as high risk; or resistance-welded (ERW) pipe and
(3) Risk Classification B. lapwelded pipe manufactured prior to 1970
(b) An operator shall evaluate each susceptible to longitudinal seam failures as
pipeline segment in the program according determined through paragraph (d) of this
to the following indicators of risk: section. The timing of such pressure test
(1) The location indicator is— may be determined based on risk
(i) High risk if an area is non-rural or classifications discussed under paragraph (b)
environmentally sensitive1; or of this section. For other segments, the
(ii) Medium risk; or program may provide for use of a magnetic
(iii) Low risk if an area is not high or flux leakage or ultrasonic internal inspection
medium risk. survey as an alternative to pressure testing
(2) The product indicator is1 and, in the case of such segments in Risk
Classification A, may provide for no
additional measures under this subpart.
1 (See Appendix B, Table C).
being tested for at least 4 continuous hours (b) Except for offshore pipelines, liquid
at a pressure equal to 125 percent, or more, petroleum that does not vaporize rapidly
of the maximum operating pressure and, in may be used as the test medium if–
the case of a pipeline that is not visually (1) The entire pipeline section under test
inspected for leakage during test, for at least is outside of cities and other populated
an additional 4 continuous hours at a areas;
pressure equal to 110 percent, or more, of (2) Each building within 300 feet (91
the maximum operating pressure. meters) of the test section is unoccupied
while the test pressure is equal to or greater
[Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR 29379, June 7, 1994; than a pressure which produces a hoop stress
Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR 59475, Nov. 4, 1998] of 50 percent of specified minimum yield
strength;
(3) The test section is kept under
§195.305 Testing of components. surveillance by regular patrols during the
test; and,
(a) Each pressure test under §195.302 (4) Continuous communication is
must test all pipe and attached fittings, maintained along entire test section.
including com-ponents, unless otherwise (c) Carbon dioxide pipelines may use
permitted by paragraph (b) of this section. inert gas or carbon dioxide as the test
(b) A component, other than pipe, that is medium if–
the only item being replaced or added to the (1) The entire pipeline section under test
pipeline system need not be hydrostatically is outside of cities and other populated
tested under paragraph (a) of this section if areas;
the manufacturer certifies that either– (2) Each building within 300 feet (91
(1) The component was hydro-statically meters) of the test section is unoccupied
tested at the factory; or while the test pressure is equal to or greater
(2) The component was manu-factured than a pressure that produces a hoop stress
under a quality control system that ensures of 50 percent of specified minimum yield
each component is at least equal in strength strength;
to a prototype that was hydrostatically tested (3) The maximum hoop stress during the
at the factory. test does not exceed 80 percent of specified
minimum yield strength;
[Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as (4) Continuous communication is
amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, maintained along entire test section; and,
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR 29379, (5) The pipe involved is new pipe having
June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, a longitudinal joint factor of 1.00.
June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR 59475, (d) Air on inert gas may be used as the
Nov. 4, 1998] test medium in low-stress pipelines.
the procedures were effective in each dioxide spills, and take appropriate
emergency and taking corrective action corrective action;
where deficiencies are found. (4) Take steps necessary to control any
(f) Safety-related condition reports. The accidental release of hazardous liquid or
manual required by paragraph (a) of this carbon dioxide and to minimize the potential
section must include instructions enabling for fire, explosion, toxicity, or
personnel who perform operation and environmental damage; and
maintenance activities to recognize (5) Learn the potential causes, types,
conditions that potentially may be safety- sizes, and consequences of fire and the
related conditions that are subject to the appropriate use of portable fire extinguishers
reporting requirements of §195.55. and other on-site fire control equipment,
involving, where feasible, a simulated
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by pipeline emergency condition.
Amdt. 195-11, 41 FR 34035, Aug. 12, 1976; (b) At the intervals not exceeding 15
Amdt. 195-13, 43 FR 6786, Feb. 16, 1979; months, but at least once each calendar year,
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; each operator shall:
Amdt. 195-16, 44 FR 70164, Dec. 6, 1979; (1) Review with personnel their
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; performance in meeting the objectives of the
Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982; emergency response training program set
Amdt. 195-39, 53 FR 24942, July 1, 1988; forth in paragraph (a) of this section; and
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; (2) Make appropriate changes to the
Amdt. 195-46, 56 FR 31087, July 9, 1991; emergency response training program as
Amdt. 195-49, 59 FR 6579, Feb. 11, 1994; necessary to ensure that it is effective.
Amdt. 195-55, 61 FR 18512, Apr. 26, 1996; (c) Each operator shall require and
Amdt. 195-69, 65 FR 54440, Sept. 8, 2000; verify that its supervisors maintain a
Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002] thorough knowledge of that portion of the
emergency response procedures established
under 195.402 for which they are
§195.403 Emergency response training. responsible to ensure compliance.
(a) Each operator shall establish and [Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979
conduct a continuing training program to as amended by Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357,
instruct emergency response personnel to: July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850,
(1) Carry out the emergency procedures Oct. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26920,
established under 195.402 that relate to their June 12, 1991; Amdt. 192-67, 64 FR 46853,
assignments; Aug. 27, 1999; Amdt. 195-78, 68 FR 53526,
(2) Know the characteristics and hazards Sept. 11, 2003]
of the hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide
transported, including, in case of flammable §195.404 Maps and records.
HVL, flammability of mixtures with air,
odorless vapors, and water reactions; (a) Each operator shall maintain current
(3) Recognize conditions that are likely maps and records of its pipeline systems that
to cause emergencies, predict the include at least the following information:
consequences of facility malfunctions or (1) Location and identification of the
failures and hazardous liquids or carbon following pipeline facilities:
(i) Breakout tanks;
pipelines being converted under §195.5, if 38659, Sep. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195-51, 59 FR
one or more factors of the design formula 29379, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR
(§195.106) are unknown, one of the 33388, June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR
following pressures is to be used as design 37500, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195-65, 63 FR
pressure: 59475, Nov. 4, 1998]
(i) Eighty percent of the first test
pressure that produces yield under section
N5.0 of Appendix N of ASME B31.8, §195.408 Communications.
reduced by the appropriate factors in
§§195.106(a) and (e); or (a) Each operator must have a
(ii) If the pipe is 12¾ in (324 mm) or communication system to provide for the
less outside diameter and is not tested to transmission of information needed for the
yield under this paragraph, 200 p.s.i. (1379 safe operation of its pipeline system.
kPa). (b) The communication system required
(2) The design pressure of any other by paragraph (a) of this section must, as a
component of the pipeline. minimum, include means for:
(3) Eighty percent of the test pressure for (1) Monitoring operational data as
any part of the pipeline which has been required by §195.402(c)(9);
pressure tested under Subpart E of this part. (2) Receiving notices from operator
(4) Eighty percent of the factory test personnel, the public, and public authorities
pressure or of the prototype test pressure for of abnormal or emergency conditions and
any individually installed component which sending this information to appropriate
is excepted from testing under §195.304. personnel or government agencies for
(5) For pipelines under §§195.302(b)(1) corrective action;
and (b)(2)(i), that have not been pressure (3) Conducting two-way vocal
tested under Subpart E of this part, 80 communication between a control center and
percent of the test pressure or highest the scene of abnormal operations and
operating pressure to which the pipeline was emergencies; and,
subjected for 4 or more continuous hours (4) Providing communication with fire,
that can be demonstrated by recording charts police, and other public officials during
or logs made at the time the test or emergency conditions, including a natural
operations were conducted. disaster.
(b) No operator may permit the pressure
in a pipeline during surges or other [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
variations from normal operations to exceed Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979;
110 percent of the operating pressure limit Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
established under paragraph (a) of this
section. Each operator must provide
adequate controls and protective equipment §195.410 Line markers.
to control the pressure within this limit.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b)
[Amdt. 195-2, 35 FR 17183, Nov. 7, 1970 as of this section, each operator shall place and
amended by Amdt. 195-17, 45 FR 59161, maintain line markers over each buried
Sep. 8, 1980; Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, pipeline in accordance with the following:
July 27, 1981; Amdt. 195-33, 50 FR 15895, (1) Markers must be located at each
Apr. 23, 1985; Amdt. 195-33C, 50 FR public road crossing, at each railroad
crossing, and in sufficient number along the (a) Each operator shall, at intervals not
remainder of each buried line so that its exceeding 3 weeks, but at least 26 times
location is accurately known. each calendar year, inspect the surface
(2) The marker must state at least the conditions on or adjacent to each pipeline
following on a background of sharply right-of-way. Methods of inspection include
contrasting color: walking, driving, flying or other appropriate
(i) The word “Warning,” “Caution,” or mean of traversing the right-of-way.
“Danger” followed by the words “Petroleum (b) Except for offshore pipelines, each
(or the name of the hazardous liquid operator shall, at intervals not exceeding 5
transported) Pipeline,” or “Carbon Dioxide years, inspect each crossing under a
Pipeline,” all of which, except for markers navigable waterway to determine the
in heavily developed urban areas, must be in condition of the crossing.
letters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters) high
with an approximate stroke of ¼-inch (6.4 [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
millimeters) . Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
(ii) The name of the operator and a Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 48650, Oct. 21, 1982;
telephone number (including area code) Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, June 28, 1994]
where the operator can be reached at all
times.
(b) Line markers are not required for §195.413 Underwater inspection and
buried pipelines located– reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico
(1) Offshore or at crossings of or under and its inlets.
waterways and other bodies of water; or
(2) In heavily developed urban areas
such as downtown business centers where– (a) Except for gathering lines of 4½
(i) The placement of markers is inches (114mm) nominal outside diameter
impractical and would not serve the purpose or smaller, each operator shall prepare and
for which markers are intended; and follow a procedure to identify its pipelines
(ii) The local government maintains in the Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters
current substructure records. less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as
(c) Each operator shall provide line measured from mean low water that are at
marking at locations where the line is risk of being an exposed underwater
aboveground in areas that are accessible to pipeline or a hazard to navigation. The
the public. procedures must be in effect August 10,
2005.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by (b) Each operator shall conduct
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; appropriate periodic underwater inspections
Amdt. 195-27, 48 FR 25206, June 6, 1983, of its pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and its
Amdt. 195-45, 56 FR 26922, June 12, 1991; inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters)
Amdt. 195-54, 60 FR 14646, Mar. 20, 1995; deep as measured from mean low water
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998] based on the identified risk.
(c) If an operator discovers that its
pipeline is an exposed underwater pipeline
§195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way and or poses a hazard to navigation, the operator
crossings under navigable waters. shall—
(1) Promptly, but not later than 24 hours (b) Each operator shall, at intervals not
after discovery, notify the National exceeding 7½ months, but at least twice
Response Center, telephone: 1-800-424- each calendar year, inspect each mainline
8802, of the location and, if available, the valve to determine that it is functioning
geographic coordinates of that pipeline. properly.
(2) Promptly, but not later than 7 days (c) Each operator shall provide
after discovery, mark the location of the protection for each valve from unauthorized
pipeline in accordance with 33 CFR Part 64 operation and from vandalism.
at the ends of the pipeline segment and at
intervals of not over 500 yards (457 meters) [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
long, except that a pipeline segment less Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
than 200 yards (183 meters) long need only Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982]
be marked at the center; and
(3) Within 6 months after discovery, or
not later than November 1 of the following §195.422 Pipeline repairs.
year if the 6 month period is later than
November 1 of the year of discovery, bury (a) Each operator shall, in repairing its
the pipeline so that the top of the pipe is 36 pipeline systems, insure that the repairs are
inches (914 millimeters) below the made in a safe manner and are made so as to
underwater natural bottom (as determined prevent damage to persons or property.
by recognized and generally accepted (b) No operator may use any pipe, valve,
practices) for normal excavation or 18 or fitting, for replacement in repairing
inches (457 millimeters) for rock pipeline facilities, unless it is designed and
excavation. constructed as required by this part.
(i) An operator may employ engineered
alternatives to burial that meet or exceed the [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
level of protection provided by burial. Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
(ii) If an operator cannot obtain required
state or Federal permits in time to comply
with this section, it must notify OPS; specify
whether the required permit is State or
Federal; and, justify the delay.
§195.424 Pipe movement.
[Amdt. 195-47, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5, 1991,
as amended by Amdt. 195-52, 59 FR 33388, (a) No operator may move any line pipe,
June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, unless the pressure in the line section
July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195-82, 69 FR 48400, involved is reduced to not more than 50
Aug. 10, 2004] percent of the maximum operating pressure.
(b) No operator may move any pipeline
containing highly volatile liquids where
§195.420 Valve maintenance. materials in the line section involved are
joined by welding unless–
(a) Each operator shall maintain each (1) Movement when the pipeline does
valve that is necessary for the safe operation not contain highly volatile liquids is
of its pipeline systems in good working impractical;
order at all times.
(2) The procedures of the operator under [Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
§195.402 contain precautions to protect the Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979;
public against the hazard in moving Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981]
pipelines containing highly volatile liquids,
including the use of warnings, where
necessary, to evacuate the area close to the §195.428 Overpressure safety devices
pipeline; and and overfill protection systems.
(3) The pressure in that line section is
reduced to the lower of the following: (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b)
(i) Fifty percent or less of the maximum of this section, each operator shall, at
operating pressure; or intervals not exceeding 15 months, but at
(ii) The lowest practical level that will least once each calendar year, or in the case
maintain the highly volatile liquid in a liquid of pipelines used to carry highly volatile
state with continuous flow, but not less than liquids, at intervals not to exceed 7½
50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) gage above the vapor months, but at least twice each calendar
pressure of the commodity. year, inspect and test each pressure limiting
(c) No operator may move any pipeline device, relief valve, pressure regulator, or
containing highly volatile liquids where other item of pressure control equipment to
materials in the line section involved are not determine that it is functioning properly, is
joined by welding unless– in good mechanical condition, and is
(1) The operator complies with adequate from the standpoint of capacity
paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section; and and reliability of operation for the service in
(2) That line section is isolated to which it is used.
prevent the flow of highly volatile liquid. (b) In the case of relief valves on
pressure breakout tanks containing highly
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by volatile liquids, each operator shall test each
Amdt 195-7, 39 FR 19780, June 4, 1974; valve at intervals not exceeding 5 years.
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; (c) Aboveground breakout tanks that are
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; constructed or significantly altered
Amdt. 195-63, 63 FR 37500, July 13, 1998] according to API Standard 2510 after
October 2, 2000, must have an overfill
protection system installed according to
§195.426 Scraper and sphere facilities. section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510. Other
aboveground breakout tanks with 600
No operator may use a launcher or gallons (2271 liters) or more of storage
receiver that is not equipped with a relief capacity that are constructed or significantly
device capable of safely relieving pressure altered after October 2, 2000, must have an
in the barrel before insertion or removal of overfill protection system installed
scrapers or spheres. The operator must use a according to API Recommended Practice
suitable device to indicate that pressure has 2350. However, operators need not comply
been relieved in the barrel or must provide a with any part of API Recommended Practice
means to prevent insertion or removal of 2350 for a particular breakout tank if the
scrapers or spheres if pressure has not been operator notes in the manual required by
relieved in the barrel. §195.402 why compliance with that part is
not necessary for safety of the tank.
(d) After October 2, 2000, the structural conditions prevent access to the
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of tank bottom, the bottom integrity may be
this section for inspection and testing of assessed according to a plan included in the
pressure control equipment apply to the operations and maintenance manual under
inspection and testing of overfill protection §195.402(c)(3).
systems. (c) Each operator shall inspect the
physical integrity of in-service steel
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by aboveground breakout tanks built to API
Amdt. 195-4, 37 FR 18733, Sep. 15, 1972; Standard 2510 according to section 6 of API
Amdt. 195-15, 44 FR 41197, July 16, 1979; 510.
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981; (d) The intervals of inspection specified
Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982; by documents referenced in paragraphs (b)
Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, 1999] and (c) of this section begin on May 3, 1999,
or on the operator's last recorded date of the
inspection, whichever is earlier.
§195.430 Firefighting equipment.
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by
Each operator shall maintain adequate Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981;
firefighting equipment at each pump station Amdt. 195-24, 47 FR 46850, Oct. 21, 1982;
and breakout tank area. The equipment Amdt. 195-66, 64 FR 15926, April 2, 1999]
must be–
(a) In proper operating condition at all
times; §195.434 Signs.
(b) Plainly marked so that its identity as
firefighting equipment is clear; and, Each operator must maintain signs
(c) Located so that it is easily accessible visible to the public around each pumping
during a fire. station and breakout tank area. Each sign
must contain the name of the operator and a
[Part 195 - Org., Oct. 4, 1969 as amended by telephone number (including area code)
Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38357, July 27, 1981] where the operator can be reached at all
times.
(ii) In the case of blasting, any remote from where the valve is installed.
inspection must include leakage surveys. The RCV is usually operated by the
(d) A damage prevention program under supervisory control and data acquisition
this section is not required for the following (SCADA) system. The linkage between the
pipelines: pipeline control center and the RCV may be
(1) Pipelines located offshore. by fiber optics, microwave, telephone lines,
(2) Pipelines to which access is or satellite.
physically controlled by the operator. High consequence area means:
(1) A commercially navigable waterway,
[Amdt. 195-54, 53 FR 14646, Mar. 20, which means a waterway where a
1995; Amdt. 195-60, 62 FR 61695, Nov. 19, substantial likelihood of commercial
1997] navigation exists;
(2) A high population area, which
means an urbanized area, as defined and
§195.444 CPM leak detection. delineated by the Census Bureau, that
contains 50,000 or more people and has a
Each computational pipeline monitoring population density of at least 1,000 people
(CPM) leak detection system installed on a per square mile;
hazardous liquid pipeline transporting liquid (3) An other populated area, which
in a single phase (without gas in the liquid) means a place, as defined and delineated by
must comply with API 1130 in operating, the Census Bureau, that contains a
maintaining, testing, record keeping, and concentrated population, such as an
dispatcher training of the system. incorporated or unincorporated city, town,
village, or other designated residential or
[Amdt. 195-62, 63 FR 36373, July 6, 1998] commercial area;
(4) An unusually sensitive area, as
defined in §195.6.
affect a high consequence area.) Covered (4) Include in the program a framework
pipelines are categorized as follows: that—
(1) Category 1 includes pipelines (i) Addresses each element of the
existing on May 29, 2001, that were owned integrity management program under
or operated by an operator who owned or paragraph (f) of this section, including
operated a total of 500 or more miles of continual integrity assessment and
pipeline subject to this part. evaluation under paragraph (j) of this
(2) Category 2 includes pipelines section; and
existing on May 29, 2001, that were owned (ii) Initially indicates how decisions will
or operated by an operator who owned or be made to implement each element.
operated less than 500 miles of pipeline (5) Implement and follow the program.
subject to this part. (6) Follow recognized industry practices
(3) Category 3 includes pipelines in carrying out this section, unless—
constructed or converted after May 29, (i) This section specifies otherwise; or
2001. (ii) The operator demonstrates that an
(b) What program and practices must alternative practice is supported by a reliable
operators use to manage pipeline integrity? engineering evaluation and provides an
Each operator of a pipeline covered by this equivalent level of public safety and
section must: environmental protection.
(1) Develop a written integrity (c) What must be in the baseline
management program that addresses the assessment plan? (1) An operator must
risks on each segment of pipeline in the first include each of the following elements in its
column of the following table not later than written baseline assessment plan:
the date in the second column: (i) The methods selected to assess the
integrity of the line pipe. An operator must
Pipeline Date assess the integrity of the line pipe by any of
Category 1 March 31, 2002. the following methods. The methods an
Category 2 February 18, 2003.
operator selects to assess low frequency
Category 3 1 year after the date the
pipeline begins electric resistance welded pipe or lap welded
operation. pipe susceptible to longitudinal seam failure
(2) Include in the program an must be capable of assessing seam integrity
identification of each pipeline or pipeline and of detecting corrosion and deformation
segment in the first column of the following anomalies.
table not later than the date in the second (A) Internal inspection tool or tools
column: capable of detecting corrosion and
deformation anomalies including dents,
Pipeline Date gouges and grooves;
Category 1 December 31, 2001 (B) Pressure test conducted in
Category 2 November 18, 2002. accordance with subpart E of this part;
Category 3 Date the pipeline begins (C) External corrosion direct assessment
operation.
in accordance with §195.588; or
(D) Other technology that the operator
(3) Include in the program a plan to
demonstrates can provide an equivalent
carry out baseline assessments of line pipe
understanding of the condition of the line
as required by paragraph (c) of this section.
pipe. An operator choosing this option must
notify the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS)
90 days before conducting the assessment, according to paragraph (j)(3) of this section.
by sending a notice to the address or The table follows:
facsimile number specified in paragraph (m)
of this section. Pipeline Date
(ii) A schedule for completing the Category 1 January 1, 1996.
integrity assessment; Category 2 February 15, 1997.
(iii) An explanation of the assessment
methods selected and evaluation of risk (3) Newly-identified areas. (i) When
factors considered in establishing the information is available from the
assessment schedule. information analysis (see paragraph (g) of
(2) An operator must document, prior to this section), or from Census Bureau maps,
implementing any changes to the plan, any that the population density around a pipeline
modification to the plan, and reasons for the segment has changed so as to fall within the
modification. definition in §195.450 of a high population
(d) When must operators complete area or other populated area, the operator
baseline assessments? Operators must must incorporate the area into its baseline
complete baseline assessments as follows: assessment plan as a high consequence area
(1) Time periods. Complete assessments within one year from the date the area is
before the following deadlines: identified. An operator must complete the
baseline assessment of any line pipe that
could affect the newly-identified high
consequence area within five years from the
If the pipeline Then complete And assess at date the area is identified.
is: baseline least 50 (ii) An operator must incorporate a new
assessments not percent of the unusually sensitive area into its baseline
later than the line pipe on an
following date expedited assessment plan within one year from the
according to a basis, date the area is identified. An operator must
schedule that beginning with complete the baseline assessment of any line
prioritizes the highest risk
assessments pipe, not later pipe that could affect the newly-identified
than: high consequence area within five years
Category 1 March 31, 2008. September 30, from the date the area is identified.
2004.
Category 2 February 17, 2009. August 16, (e) What are the risk factors for
2005. establishing an assessment schedule (for
Category 3 Date the pipeline Not applicable. both the baseline and continual integrity
begins operation.
assessments)? (1) An operator must
establish an integrity assessment schedule
(2) Prior assessment. To satisfy the that prioritizes pipeline segments for
requirements of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this assessment (see paragraphs (d)(1) and (j)(3)
section for pipelines in the first column of of this section). An operator must base the
the following table, operators may use assessment schedule on all risk factors that
integrity assessments conducted after the reflect the risk conditions on the pipeline
date in the second column, if the integrity segment. The factors an operator must
assessment method complies with this consider include, but are not limited to:
section. However, if an operator uses this (i) Results of the previous integrity
prior assessment as its baseline assessment, assessment, defect type and size that the
the operator must reassess the line pipe
assessment method can detect, and defect (5) A continual process of assessment
growth rate; and evaluation to maintain a pipeline's
(ii) Pipe size, material, manufacturing integrity (see paragraph (j) of this section);
information, coating type and condition, and (6) Identification of preventive and
seam type; mitigative measures to protect the high
(iii) Leak history, repair history and consequence area (see paragraph (i) of this
cathodic protection history; section);
(iv) Product transported; (7) Methods to measure the program's
(v) Operating stress level; effectiveness (see paragraph (k) of this
(vi) Existing or projected activities in the section);
area; (8) A process for review of integrity
(vii) Local environmental factors that assessment results and information analysis
could affect the pipeline (e.g., corrosivity of by a person qualified to evaluate the results
soil, subsidence, climatic); and information (see paragraph (h)(2) of this
(viii) geo-technical hazards; and (ix) section).
Physical support of the segment such as by a (g) What is an information analysis? In
cable suspension bridge. periodically evaluating the integrity of each
(2) Appendix C of this part provides pipeline segment (paragraph (j) of this
further guidance on risk factors. section), an operator must analyze all
(f) What are the elements of an integrity available information about the integrity of
management program? An integrity the entire pipeline and the consequences of a
management program begins with the initial failure. This information includes:
framework. An operator must continually (1) Information critical to determining
change the program to reflect operating the potential for, and preventing, damage
experience, conclusions drawn from results due to excavation, including current and
of the integrity assessments, and other planned damage prevention activities, and
maintenance and surveillance data, and development or planned development along
evaluation of consequences of a failure on the pipeline segment;
the high consequence area. An operator (2) Data gathered through the integrity
must include, at minimum, each of the assessment required under this section;
following elements in its written integrity (3) Data gathered in conjunction with
management program: other inspections, tests, surveillance and
(1) A process for identifying which patrols required by this Part, including,
pipeline segments could affect a high corrosion control monitoring and cathodic
consequence area; protection surveys; and
(2) A baseline assessment plan meeting (4) Information about how a failure
the requirements of paragraph (c) of this would affect the high consequence area,
section; such as location of the water intake.
(3) An analysis that integrates all (h) What actions must an operator take
available information about the integrity of to address integrity issues?
the entire pipeline and the consequences of a (1) General requirements. An operator
failure (see paragraph (g) of this section); must take prompt action to address all
(4) Criteria for remedial actions to anomalous conditions that the operator
address integrity issues raised by the discovers through the integrity assessment
assessment methods and information or information analysis. In addressing all
analysis (see paragraph (h) of this section); conditions, an operator must evaluate all
anomalous conditions and remediate those completes the repair of these conditions. An
that could reduce a pipeline's integrity. An operator must calculate the temporary
operator must be able to demonstrate that reduction in operating pressure using the
the remediation of the condition will ensure formula in section 451.7 of ASME/ANSI
that the condition is unlikely to pose a threat B31.4 (incorporated by reference, see
to the long-term integrity of the pipeline. A §195.3). An operator must treat the
reduction in operating pressure cannot following conditions as immediate repair
exceed 365 days without an operator taking conditions:
further remedial action to ensure the safety (A) Metal loss greater than 80% of
of the pipeline. An operator must comply nominal wall regardless of dimensions.
with §195.422 when making a repair. (B) A calculation of the remaining
(2) Discovery of condition. Discovery of strength of the pipe shows a predicted burst
a condition occurs when an operator has pressure less than the established maximum
adequate information about the condition to operating pressure at the location of the
determine that the condition presents a anomaly. Suitable remaining strength
potential threat to the integrity of the calculation methods include, but are not
pipeline. An operator must promptly, but no limited to, ASME/ANSI B31G (“Manual for
later than 180 days after an integrity Determining the Remaining Strength of
assessment, obtain sufficient information Corroded Pipelines” (1991) or AGA
about a condition to make that Pipeline Research Committee Project PR-3-
determination, unless the operator can 805 (“A Modified Criterion for Evaluating
demonstrate that the 180-day period is the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe”
impracticable. (December 1989)). These documents are
(3) Schedule for evaluation and incorporated by reference and are available
remediation. An operator must complete at the addresses listed in §195.3.
remediation of a condition according to a (C) A dent located on the top of the
schedule that prioritizes the conditions for pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock
evaluation and remediation. If an operator positions) that has any indication of metal
cannot meet the schedule for any condition, loss, cracking or a stress riser.
the operator must justify the reasons why it (D) A dent located on the top of the
cannot meet the schedule and that the pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock
changed schedule will not jeopardize public positions) with a depth greater than 6% of
safety or environmental protection. An the nominal pipe diameter.
operator must notify OPS if the operator (E) An anomaly that in the judgment of
cannot meet the schedule and cannot the person designated by the operator to
provide safety through a temporary evaluate the assessment results requires
reduction in operating pressure. An operator immediate action.
must send the notice to the address specified (ii) 60-day conditions. Except for
in paragraph (m) of this section. conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) of
(4) Special requirements for scheduling this section, an operator must schedule
remediation.(i) Immediate repair conditions. evaluation and remediation of the following
An operator's evaluation and remediation conditions within 60 days of discovery of
schedule must provide for immediate repair condition.
conditions. To maintain safety, an operator (A) A dent located on the top of the
must temporarily reduce operating pressure pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o'clock
or shut down the pipeline until the operator positions) with a depth greater than 3% of
the pipeline diameter (greater than 0.250 crossing of another pipeline, or is in an area
inches in depth for a pipeline diameter less with widespread circumferential corrosion,
than Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) 12). or is in an area that could affect a girth weld.
(B) A dent located on the bottom of the (G) A potential crack indication that
pipeline that has any indication of metal when excavated is determined to be a crack.
loss, cracking or a stress riser. (H) Corrosion of or along a longitudinal
(iii) 180-day conditions. Except for seam weld.
conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) or (ii) (I) A gouge or groove greater than
of this section, an operator must schedule 12.5% of nominal wall.
evaluation and remediation of the following (iv) Other conditions. In addition to the
within 180 days of discovery of the conditions listed in paragraphs (h)(4)(i)
condition: through (iii) of this section, an operator must
(A) A dent with a depth greater than 2% evaluate any condition identified by an
of the pipeline's diameter (0.250 inches in integrity assessment or information analysis
depth for a pipeline diameter less than NPS that could impair the integrity of the
12) that affects pipe curvature at a girth pipeline, and as appropriate, schedule the
weld or a longitudinal seam weld. condition for remediation. Appendix C of
(B) A dent located on the top of the this part contains guidance concerning other
pipeline (above 4 and 8 o'clock position) conditions that an operator should evaluate.
with a depth greater than 2% of the (i) What preventive and mitigative
pipeline's diameter (0.250 inches in depth measures must an operator take to protect
for a pipeline diameter less than NPS 12). the high consequence area?
(C) A dent located on the bottom of the (1) General requirements. An operator
pipeline with a depth greater than 6% of the must take measures to prevent and mitigate
pipeline's diameter. the consequences of a pipeline failure that
(D) A calculation of the remaining could affect a high consequence area. These
strength of the pipe shows an operating measures include conducting a risk analysis
pressure that is less than the current of the pipeline segment to identify
established maximum operating pressure at additional actions to enhance public safety
the location of the anomaly. Suitable or environmental protection. Such actions
remaining strength calculation methods may include, but are not limited to,
include, but are not limited to, ASME/ANSI implementing damage prevention best
B31G (“Manual for Determining the practices, better monitoring of cathodic
Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines” protection where corrosion is a concern,
(1991)) or AGA Pipeline Research establishing shorter inspection intervals,
Committee Project PR-3-805 (“A Modified installing EFRDs on the pipeline segment,
Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining modifying the systems that monitor pressure
Strength of Corroded Pipe” (December and detect leaks, providing additional
1989)). These documents are incorporated training to personnel on response
by reference and are available at the procedures, conducting drills with local
addresses listed in §195.3. emergency responders and adopting other
(E) An area of general corrosion with a management controls.
predicted metal loss greater than 50% of (2) Risk analysis criteria. In identifying
nominal wall. the need for additional preventive and
(F) Predicted metal loss greater than mitigative measures, an operator must
50% of nominal wall that is located at a evaluate the likelihood of a pipeline release
occurring and how a release could affect the swiftness of leak detection and pipeline
high consequence area. This determination shutdown capabilities, the type of
must consider all relevant risk factors, commodity carried, the rate of potential
including, but not limited to: leakage, the volume that can be released,
(i) Terrain surrounding the pipeline topography or pipeline profile, the potential
segment, including drainage systems such as for ignition, proximity to power sources,
small streams and other smaller waterways location of nearest response personnel,
that could act as a conduit to the high specific terrain between the pipeline
consequence area; segment and the high consequence area, and
(ii) Elevation profile; benefits expected by reducing the spill size.
(iii) Characteristics of the product (j) What is a continual process of
transported; evaluation and assessment to maintain a
(iv) Amount of product that could be pipeline's integrity?
released; (1) General. After completing the
(v) Possibility of a spillage in a farm baseline integrity assessment, an operator
field following the drain tile into a must continue to assess the line pipe at
waterway; specified intervals and periodically evaluate
(vi) Ditches along side a roadway the the integrity of each pipeline segment that
pipeline crosses; could affect a high consequence area.
(vii) Physical support of the pipeline (2) Evaluation. An operator must
segment such as by a cable suspension conduct a periodic evaluation as frequently
bridge; as needed to assure pipeline integrity. An
(viii) Exposure of the pipeline to operator must base the frequency of
operating pressure exceeding established evaluation on risk factors specific to its
maximum operating pressure. pipeline, including the factors specified in
(3) Leak detection. An operator must paragraph (e) of this section. The evaluation
have a means to detect leaks on its pipeline must consider the results of the baseline and
system. An operator must evaluate the periodic integrity assessments, information
capability of its leak detection means and analysis (paragraph (g) of this section), and
modify, as necessary, to protect the high decisions about remediation, and preventive
consequence area. An operator's evaluation and mitigative actions (paragraphs (h) and
must, at least, consider, the following (i) of this section).
factors–length and size of the pipeline, type (3) Assessment intervals. An operator
of product carried, the pipeline's proximity must establish intervals not to exceed five
to the high consequence area, the swiftness (5) years for continually assessing the line
of leak detection, location of nearest pipe's integrity. An operator must base the
response personnel, leak history, and risk assessment intervals on the risk the line pipe
assessment results. poses to the high consequence area to
(4) Emergency Flow Restricting Devices determine the priority for assessing the
(EFRD). If an operator determines that an pipeline segments. An operator must
EFRD is needed on a pipeline segment to establish the assessment intervals based on
protect a high consequence area in the event the factors specified in paragraph (e) of this
of a hazardous liquid pipeline release, an section, the analysis of the results from the
operator must install the EFRD. In making last integrity assessment, and the
this determination, an operator must, at information analysis required by paragraph
least, consider the following factors–the (g) of this section.
(4) Variance from the 5-year intervals in (i) Internal inspection tool or tools
limited situations. capable of detecting corrosion and
(i) Engineering basis. An operator may deformation anomalies including dents,
be able to justify an engineering basis for a gouges and grooves;
longer assessment interval on a segment of (ii) Pressure test conducted in
line pipe. The justification must be accordance with subpart E of this part;
supported by a reliable engineering (iii) External corrosion direct assessment
evaluation combined with the use of other in accordance with §195.588; or
technology, such as external monitoring (iv) Other technology that the operator
technology, that provides an understanding demonstrates can provide an equivalent
of the condition of the line pipe equivalent understanding of the condition of the line
to that which can be obtained from the pipe. An operator choosing this option must
assessment methods allowed in paragraph notify OPS 90 days before conducting the
(j)(5) of this section. An operator must assessment, by sending a notice to the
notify OPS 270 days before the end of the address or facsimile number specified in
five-year (or less) interval of the paragraph (m) of this section.
justification for a longer interval, and (k) What methods to measure program
propose an alternative interval. An operator effectiveness must be used? An operator's
must send the notice to the address specified program must include methods to measure
in paragraph (m) of this section. whether the program is effective in
(ii) Unavailable technology. An operator assessing and evaluating the integrity of
may require a longer assessment period for a each pipeline segment and in protecting the
segment of line pipe (for example, because high consequence areas. See Appendix C of
sophisticated internal inspection technology this part for guidance on methods that can
is not available). An operator must justify be used to evaluate a program's
the reasons why it cannot comply with the effectiveness.
required assessment period and must also (l) What records must be kept?
demonstrate the actions it is taking to (1) An operator must maintain for
evaluate the integrity of the pipeline review during an inspection:
segment in the interim. An operator must (i) A written integrity management
notify OPS 180 days before the end of the program in accordance with paragraph (b) of
five-year (or less) interval that the operator this section.
may require a longer assessment interval, (ii) Documents to support the decisions
and provide an estimate of when the and analyses, including any modifications,
assessment can be completed. An operator justifications, variances, deviations and
must send a notice to the address specified determinations made, and actions taken, to
in paragraph (m) of this section. implement and evaluate each element of the
(5) Assessment methods. An operator integrity management program listed in
must assess the integrity of the line pipe by paragraph (f) of this section.
any of the following methods. The methods (2) See Appendix C of this part for
an operator selects to assess low frequency examples of records an operator would be
electric resistance welded pipe or lap welded required to keep.
pipe susceptible to longitudinal seam failure (m) Where does an operator send a
must be capable of assessing seam integrity notification? An operator must send any
and of detecting corrosion and deformation notification required by this section to the
anomalies. Information Resources Manager, Office of
agency has verified that it complies with individuals who were performing a covered
this section. task prior to October 26, 1999.
(d) After October 28, 2002, work
[Amdt. 195-67, 64 FR 46853, Aug. 27, 1999 performance history may not be used as a
as amended by Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 10322, sole evaluation method.
Mar. 3, 2005] (e) After December 16, 2004,
observation of on-the-job performance may
not be used as the sole method of evaluation.
§195.507 Recordkeeping.
[Amdt. 195-67, 64 FR 46853, Aug. 27, 1999
Each operator shall maintain records that as amended by Amdt. 195-72, 66 FR 43523,
demonstrate compliance with this subpart. Aug. 20, 2001; Amdt. 195-84, 70 FR 10322,
(a) Qualification records shall include: Mar. 3, 2005]
(1) Identification of qualified
individual(s);
(2) Identification of the covered tasks
the individual is qualified to perform;
(3) Date(s) of current qualification; and
(4) Qualification method(s).
(b) Records supporting an individual's
current qualification shall be maintained
while the individual is performing the
covered task. Records of prior qualification
and records of individuals no longer
performing covered tasks shall be retained
for a period of five years.
§195.509 General.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, (a) Each buried or submerged pipeline
2002] that is constructed, relocated, replaced, or
otherwise changed after the applicable date
in §195.401(c) must have cathodic
§195.559 What coating material may I protection. The cathodic protection must be
use for external corrosion control? in operation not later than 1 year after the
pipeline is constructed, relocated, replaced,
Coating material for external corrosion or otherwise changed, as applicable.
control under §195.557 must— (b) Each buried or submerged pipeline
(a) Be designed to mitigate corrosion of converted under §195.5 must have cathodic
the buried or submerged pipeline; protection if the pipeline—
(b) Have sufficient adhesion to the metal (1) Has cathodic protection that
surface to prevent under film migration of substantially meets §195.571 before the
moisture; pipeline is placed in service; or
(c) Be sufficiently ductile to resist (2) Is a segment that is relocated,
cracking; replaced, or substantially altered.
(d) Have enough strength to resist (c) All other buried or submerged
damage due to handling and soil stress; pipelines that have an effective external
(e) Support any supplemental cathodic coating must have cathodic protection.1
protection; and Except as provided by paragraph (d) of this
(f) If the coating is an insulating type, section, this requirement does not apply to
have low moisture absorption and provide breakout tanks and does not apply to buried
high electrical resistance. piping in breakout tank areas and pumping
stations until December 29, 2003.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, (d) Bare pipelines, breakout tank areas,
2002] and buried pumping station piping must
have cathodic protection in places where
regulations in effect before January 28, 2002
§195.561 When must I inspect pipe required cathodic protection as a result of
coating used for external corrosion electrical inspections. See previous editions
control? of this part in 49 CFR, parts 186 to 199.
(e) Unprotected pipe must have cathodic
(a) You must inspect all external pipe protection if required by §195.573(b).
coating required by §195.557 just prior to
lowering the pipe into the ditch or [Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
submerging the pipe. 2002]
(b) You must repair any coating damage
discovered.
§195.565 How do I install cathodic
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, protection on breakout tanks?
2002]
After October 2, 2000, when you install mechanically secure and electrically
cathodic protection under §195.563(a) to conductive.
protect the bottom of an aboveground (3) Prevent lead attachments from
breakout tank of more than 500 barrels causing stress concentrations on pipe.
(79.5m3) capacity built to API Specification (4) For leads installed in conduits,
12F, API Standard 620, or API Standard 650 suitably insulate the lead from the conduit.
(or its predecessor Standard 12C), you must (5) At the connection to the pipeline,
install the system in accordance with API coat each bared test lead wire and bared
Recommended Practice 651. However, metallic area with an electrical insulating
installation of the system need not comply material compatible with the pipe coating
with API Recommended Practice 651 on and the insulation on the wire.
any tank for which you note in the corrosion (c) Maintenance. You must maintain the
control procedures established under test lead wires in a condition that enables
§195.402(c)(3) why compliance with all or you to obtain electrical measurements to
certain provisions of API Recommended determine whether cathodic protection
Practice 651 is not necessary for the safety complies with §195.571.
of the tank.
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27,
[Amdt. 195-73, 66 FR 66993, Dec. 27, 2002]
2002]
the applicable criteria and other monitoring records, exposed pipe inspection
considerations for cathodic protection records, and the pipeline environment.
contained in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 of (2) For the period in the first column, the
NACE Standard RP 0169 (incorporated by second column prescribes the frequency of
reference, see §195.3). evaluation.
(iii) If you utilize an indirect inspection (A) Corrosion defects are discovered
method not described in Appendix A of that exceed allowable limits (Section 5.5.2.2
NACE Standard RP0502-2002, you must of NACE Standard RP0502-2002 provides
demonstrate the applicability, validation guidance for criteria); or
basis, equipment used, application (B) Root cause analysis reveals
procedure, and utilization of data for the conditions for which ECDA is not suitable
inspection method. (Section 5.6.2 of NACE Standard RP0502-
(3) Indirect examination. In addition to 2002 provides guidance for criteria);
the requirements in Section 4 of NACE (iii) Criteria and notification procedures
Standard RP0502-2002, the procedures for for any changes in the ECDA plan,
indirect examination of the ECDA regions including changes that affect the severity
must include— classification, the priority of direct
(i) Provisions for applying more examination, and the time frame for direct
restrictive criteria when conducting ECDA examination of indications; and
for the first time on a pipeline segment; (iv) Criteria that describe how and on
(ii) Criteria for identifying and what basis you will reclassify and re-
documenting those indications that must be prioritize any of the provisions specified in
considered for excavation and direct Section 5.9 of NACE Standard RP0502-
examination, including at least the 2002.
following: (5) Post assessment and continuing
(A) The known sensitivities of evaluation. In addition to the requirements
assessment tools; in Section 6 of NACE Standard UP 0502-
(B) The procedures for using each tool; 2002, the procedures for post assessment of
and the effectiveness of the ECDA process must
(C) The approach to be used for include—
decreasing the physical spacing of indirect (i) Measures for evaluating the long-
assessment tool readings when the presence term effectiveness of ECDA in addressing
of a defect is suspected; external corrosion in pipeline segments; and
(iii) For each indication identified during (ii) Criteria for evaluating whether
the indirect examination, criteria for— conditions discovered by direct examination
(A) Defining the urgency of excavation of indications in each ECDA region indicate
and direct examination of the indication; and a need for reassessment of the pipeline
(B) Defining the excavation urgency as segment at an interval less than that
immediate, scheduled, or monitored; and specified in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of NACE
(iv) Criteria for scheduling excavations Standard RP0502-2002 (see Appendix D of
of indications in each urgency level. NACE Standard RP0502-2002).
(4) Direct examination. In addition to
the requirements in Section 5 of NACE [Amdt. 195-85, 70 FR 61571, Oct. 25, 2005]
Standard RP0502-2002, the procedures for
direct examination of indications from the
indirect examination must include— §195.589 What corrosion control
(i) Provisions for applying more information do I have to maintain?
restrictive criteria when conducting ECDA
for the first time on a pipeline segment; (a) You must maintain current records or
(ii) Criteria for deciding what action maps to show the location of—
should be taken if either: (1) Cathodically protected pipelines;
from some significant differences in the obvious that a complaint filed with FERC
economic regulation of liquid and of natural would be successful or in which blind
gas pipelines. There is an affirmative reliance on a FERC filing would result in a
assertion of jurisdiction by FERC over situation clearly not intended by the HLPSA
natural gas pipelines through the issuance of such as a pipeline facility not being subject
certificates of public convenience and to either State or Federal safety regulation.
necessity prior to commencing operations. DOT anticipates that the situations in which
With liquid pipelines, there is only a there is any question about the validity of
rebuttable presumption of jurisdiction the FERC filings as a ready reference will
created by the filing by pipeline operators of be few and that the actual variations from
tariffs (or concurrences) for movement of reliance on those filings will be rare. The
liquids through existing facilities. Although following examples indicate the types of
FERC does police the filings for such facilities which DOT believes are interstate
matters as compliance with the general pipeline facilities subject to the HLPSA
duties of common carriers, the question of despite the lack of a filing with FERC and
jurisdiction is normally only aired upon the types of facilities over which DOT will
complaint. While any person, including generally defer to the jurisdiction of a
State or Federal agencies can avail certifying state despite the existence of a
themselves of the FERC forum by use of the filing with FERC.
complaint process, that process has only
been rarely used to review jurisdictional Example 1. Pipeline company P
matters (probably because of the operates a pipeline from "Point A" located
infrequency of real disputes on the issue). in State X to "Point B" (also in X). The
Where the issue has arisen, the reviewing physical facilities never cross a state line
body has noted the need to examine various and do not connect with any other pipeline
criteria primarily of an economic nature. which does cross a state line. Pipeline
DOT believes that, in most cases, the formal company P also operates another pipeline
FERC forum can better receive and evaluate between "Point C" in State X and "Point D"
the type of information that is needed to in an adjoining State Y. Pipeline company P
make decisions of this nature than can DOT. files a tariff with FERC for transportation
In delineating which liquid pipeline from "Point A" to "Point B" as well as for
facilities are interstate pipeline facilities transportation from "Point C" to "Point D."
within the meaning of the HLPSA, DOT DOT will ignore filing for the line from
will generally rely on the FERC filings; that "Point A" to "Point B" and consider the line
is, if there is a tariff or concurrence filed to be intrastate.
with FERC governing the transportation of
hazardous liquids over a pipeline facility or Example 2. Same as in example 1
if there has been an exemption from the except that P does not file any tariffs with
obligation to file tariffs obtained from FERC. DOT will assume jurisdiction of the
FERC, then DOT will, as a general rule, line between "Point C" and "Point D."
consider the facility to be an interstate
pipeline facility within the meaning of the Example 3. Same as in example 1
HLPSA. The types of situations in which except that P files its tariff for the line
DOT will ignore the existence or non- between "Point C" and "Point D" not only
existence of a filing with FERC will be with FERC but also with State X. DOT will
limited to those cases in which it appears
rely on the FERC filing as indication of will consider the pipeline to be an interstate
interstate commerce. pipeline facility.
Example 9. Pipeline company P is
Example 4. Same as in example 1 constructing a pipeline from "Point C" to
except that the pipeline from "Point A" to "Point E" (both in State X) but intends to
"Point B" (in State X) connects with a file tariffs with FERC in the transportation
pipeline operated by another company that of hazardous liquid in interstate commerce.
transports liquid between "Point B" (in State Assuming there is some connection to an
X) and "Point D" (in State Y). DOT will interstate pipeline facility, DOT will
rely on the FERC filing as indication of consider this line to be an interstate pipeline
interstate commerce. facility.
Note: For Location, Product, Volume, and Probability of Failure Indicators, see Tables 3,
4, 5, and 6.
Tables 4, 5 and 6 are used to establish the PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROBABILITY OF
FAILURE Indicators respectively, in Table 2. The PRODUCT Indicator is selected from Table 4
as H, M, or L based on the acute and chronic hazards associated with the product transported.
The VOLUME Indicator is selected from Table 5 as H, M, or L based on the nominal diameter
of the pipeline. The Probability of Failure Indicator is selected from Table 6.
Table 6 is used to establish the PROBABILITY OF FAILURE Indicator used in Table 2. The
“Probability of Failure” Indicator is selected from Table 6 as H or L.
Agency and the Technical Hazardous Liquid (9) The diameter of the pipeline, the
Pipeline Safety Standards Committee. The potential release volume, and the distance
following list provides guidance to an between the isolation points.
operator on both the mandatory and (10) Potential physical pathways
additional factors: between the pipeline and the high
(1) Terrain surrounding the pipeline. An consequence area.
operator should consider the contour of the (11) Response capability (time to
land profile and if it could allow the liquid respond, nature of response).
from a release to enter a high consequence (12) Potential natural forces inherent in
area. An operator can get this information the area (flood zones, earthquakes,
from topographical maps such as U.S. subsidence areas, etc.)
Geological Survey quadrangle maps. II. Risk factors for establishing
(2) Drainage systems such as small frequency of assessment.
streams and other smaller waterways that A. By assigning weights or values to the
could serve as a conduit to a high risk factors, and using the risk indicator
consequence area. tables, an operator can determine the priority
(3) Crossing of farm tile fields. An for assessing pipeline segments, beginning
operator should consider the possibility of a with those segments that are of highest risk,
spillage in the field following the drain tile that have not previously been assessed. This
into a waterway. list provides some guidance on some of the
(4) Crossing of roadways with ditches risk factors to consider (see §195.452(e)).
along the side. The ditches could carry a An operator should also develop factors
spillage to a waterway. specific to each pipeline segment it is
(5) The nature and characteristics of the assessing, including:
product the pipeline is transporting (refined (1) Populated areas, unusually sensitive
products, crude oils, highly volatile liquids, environmental areas, National Fish
etc.) Highly volatile liquids becomes Hatcheries, commercially navigable waters,
gaseous when exposed to the atmosphere. A areas where people congregate.
spillage could create a vapor cloud that (2) Results from previous
could settle into the lower elevation of the testing/inspection. (See §195.452(h).)
ground profile. (3) Leak History. (See leak history risk
(6) Physical support of the pipeline table.)
segment such as by a cable suspension (4) Known corrosion or condition of
bridge. An operator should look for stress pipeline. (See §195.452(g).)
indicators on the pipeline (strained supports, (5) Cathodic protection history.
inadequate support at towers), atmospheric (6) Type and quality of pipe coating
corrosion, vandalism, and other obvious (disbonded coating results in corrosion).
signs of improper maintenance. (7) Age of pipe (older pipe shows more
(7) Operating conditions of the pipeline corrosion–may be uncoated or have an
(pressure, flow rate, etc.). Exposure of the ineffective coating) and type of pipe seam.
pipeline to an operating pressure exceeding (See Age of Pipe risk table.)
the established maximum operating (8) Product transported (highly volatile,
pressure. highly flammable and toxic liquids present a
(8) The hydraulic gradient of the greater threat for both people and the
pipeline. environment) (see Product transported risk
table.)
(9) Pipe wall thickness (thicker walls maximum value (highest overall risk value
give a better safety margin) for any one segment when compared with
(10) Size of pipe (higher volume release other segments of a pipeline), a segment as
if the pipe ruptures). B if it fell between 1/3 to 2/3 of maximum
(11) Location related to potential ground value, and the remaining segments as A.
movement (e.g., seismic faults, rock i. For the baseline assessment schedule,
quarries, and coal mines); climatic we would plan to assess 50% of all pipeline
(permafrost causes settlement–Alaska); segments covered by the rule, beginning
geologic (landslides or subsidence). with the highest risk segments, within the
(12) Security of throughput (effects on first 3½ years and the remaining segments
customers if there is failure requiring within the seven-year period. For the
shutdown). continuing integrity assessments, we would
(13) Time since the last internal plan to assess the C segments within the first
inspection/pressure testing. two (2) years of the schedule, the segments
(14) With respect to previously classified as moderate risk no later than year
discovered defects/anomalies, the type, three or four and the remaining lowest risk
growth rate, and size. segments no later than year five (5).
(15) Operating stress levels in the ii. For our hypothetical pipeline
pipeline. segment, we have chosen the following risk
(16) Location of the pipeline segment as factors and obtained risk factor values from
it relates to the ability of the operator to the appropriate table. The values assigned to
detect and respond to a leak. (e.g., pipelines the risk factors are for illustration only.
deep underground, or in locations that make
leak detection difficult without specific Age of pipeline: assume 30 years old (refer
sectional monitoring and/or significantly to “Age of Pipeline” risk table)–
impede access for spill response or any other Risk Value=5
purpose). Pressure tested: tested once during
(17) Physical support of the segment construction–
such as by a cable suspension bridge. Risk Value=5
(18) Non-standard or other than Coated: (yes/no)–yes
recognized industry practice on pipeline Coating Condition: Recent excavation of
installation (e.g., horizontal directional suspected areas showed holidays in coating
drilling). (potential corrosion risk)–
B. Example: This example illustrates a Risk Value=5
hypothetical model used to establish an Cathodically Protected: (yes/no)–yes–Risk
integrity assessment schedule for a Value=1
hypothetical pipeline segment. After we Date cathodic protection installed: five
determine the risk factors applicable to the years after pipeline was constructed
pipeline segment, we then assign values or (Cathodic protection installed within one
numbers to each factor, such as, high (5), year of the pipeline's construction is
moderate (3), or low (1). We can determine generally considered low risk.)–Risk
an overall risk classification (A, B, C) for Value=3
the segment using the risk tables and a Close interval survey: (yes/no)–no–Risk
sliding scale (values 5 to 1) for risk factors Value =5
for which tables are not provided. We would
classify a segment as C if it fell above 2/3 of
Internal Inspection tool used: (yes/no)–yes. segment no later than the third year, and the
Date of pig run? In last five years–Risk third segment no later than the fifth year.
Value=1 III. Safety risk indicator tables for leak
Anomalies found: (yes/no)–yes, but do not history, volume or line size, age of pipeline,
pose an immediate safety risk or and product transported.
environmental hazard–Risk Value=3
Leak History: yes, one spill in last 10 years. LEAK HISTORY
(refer to “Leak History” risk table)–Risk
Safety risk Leak history (Time-dependent
Value=2
indicator defects)1
Product transported: Diesel fuel. Product High > 3 Spills in last 10 years
low risk. (refer to “Product” risk table)–Risk Low 3 Spills in last 10 years
Value=1
Pipe size: 16 inches. Size presents moderate 1
Time-dependent defects are those that result in
risk (refer to “Line Size” risk table)–Risk spills due to corrosion, gouges, or problems
Value=3 developed during manufacture, construction or
operation, etc.
iii. Overall risk value for this
hypothetical segment of pipe is 34. Assume LINE SIZE OR VOLUME TRANSPORTED
we have two other pipeline segments for Safety risk Line size
which we conduct similar risk rankings. The indicator
second pipeline segment has an overall risk High ≥ 18"
value of 20, and the third segment, 11. For Moderate 10"–16" nominal diameters
the baseline assessment we would establish Low ≤ 8" nominal diameter
AGE OF PIPELINE
a schedule where we assess the first segment
Safety risk Age Pipeline condition
(highest risk segment) within two years, the indicator dependent1
second segment within five years and the High > 25 years
third segment within seven years. Similarly, Low 25 years
for the continuing integrity assessment, we
1
could establish an assessment schedule Depends on pipeline's coating & corrosion
where we assess the highest risk segment no condition, and steel quality, toughness, welding.
later than the second year, the second
PRODUCT TRANSPORTED
Safety risk indicator Considerations1 Product examples
High (Highly volatile and (Propane, butane, Natural Gas Liquid (NGL),
flammable) ammonia).
Highly toxic (Benzene, high Hydrogen Sulfide content crude
oils).
Medium Flammable<flashpoint 100F (Gasoline, JP4, low flashpoint crude oils).
Low Non-flammable–flashpoint (Diesel, fuel oil, kerosene, JP5, most crude oils).
100+F
1
The degree of acute and chronic toxicity to humans, wildlife, and aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility,
flammability, and water solubility determine the Product Indicator. Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act Reportable Quantity values may be used as an indication of chronic toxicity.
National Fire Protection Association health factors may be used for rating acute hazards.
tools for the integrity assessment from the the integrity management
following list. The type of tool or tools an requirements. Performance measures
operator selects will depend on the results generally fall into three categories:
from previous internal inspection runs, (1) Selected Activity Measures–
information analysis and risk factors specific Measures that monitor the surveillance
to the pipeline segment: and preventive activities the operator
(1) Geometry Internal inspection tools has implemented. These measure
for detecting changes to ovality, e.g., bends, indicate how well an operator is
dents, buckles or wrinkles, due to implementing the various elements of
construction flaws or soil movement, or its integrity management program.
other outside force damage; (2) Deterioration Measures–
(2) Metal Loss Tools (Ultrasonic and Operation and maintenance trends that
Magnetic Flux Leakage) for determining indicate when the integrity of the
pipe wall anomalies, e.g., wall loss due to system is weakening despite
corrosion. preventive measures. This category of
(3) Crack Detection Tools for detecting performance measure may indicate
cracks and crack-like features, e.g., stress that the system condition is
corrosion cracking (SCC), fatigue cracks, deteriorating despite well executed
narrow axial corrosion, toe cracks, hook preventive activities.
cracks, etc. (3) Failure Measures–Leak
V. Methods to measure performance. History, incident response, product
A. General. (1) This guidance is to help loss, etc. These measures will indicate
an operator establish measures to evaluate progress towards fewer spills and less
the effectiveness of its integrity management damage.
program. The performance measures C. Internal vs. External
required will depend on the details of each Comparisons. These comparisons
integrity management program and will be show how a pipeline segment that
based on an understanding and analysis of could affect a high consequence area is
the failure mechanisms or threats to integrity progressing in comparison to the
of each pipeline segment. operator's other pipeline segments that
(2) An operator should select a set of are not covered by the integrity
measurements to judge how well its program management requirements and how
is performing. An operator's objectives for that pipeline segment compares to
its program are to ensure public safety, other operators' pipeline segments.
prevent or minimize leaks and spills and (1) Internal–Comparing data from
prevent property and environmental damage. the pipeline segment that could affect
A typical integrity management program the high consequence area with data
will be an ongoing program and it may from pipeline segments in other areas
contain many elements. Therefore, several of the system may indicate the effects
performance measure are likely to be needed from the attention given to the high
to measure the effectiveness of an ongoing consequence area.
program. (2) External–Comparing data
B. Performance measures. These external to the pipeline segment (e.g.,
measures show how a program to control OPS incident data) may provide
risk on pipeline segments that could affect a measures on the frequency and size of
high consequence area is progressing under leaks in relation to other companies.
(11) the process used for continual A. Any change since the previous
evaluation, and risk factors used for assessment.
determining the frequency of evaluation; B. Mechanical damage that is
(12) process for integrating and located on the top side of the pipe.
analyzing information about the integrity of C. An anomaly abrupt in nature.
a pipeline, information and data used for the D. An anomaly longitudinal in
information analysis; orientation.
(13) results of the information analyses E. An anomaly over a large area.
and periodic evaluations; F. An anomaly located in or near a
(14) the process and risk factors for casing, a crossing of another pipeline,
establishing continual re-assessment or an area with suspect cathodic
intervals; protection.
(15) justification to support any variance
from the required re-assessment intervals; [Amdt. 195-70, 65 FR 75378, Dec. 1,
(16) integrity assessment results and 2000 as amended by Amdt. 195-74, 67
anomalies found, process for evaluating and FR 1650, Jan. 14, 2002]
remediating anomalies, criteria for remedial
actions and actions taken to evaluate and
remediate the anomalies;
(17) other remedial actions planned or
taken;
(18) schedule for evaluation and repair
of anomalies, justification to support
deviation from required repair times;
(19) risk analysis used to identify
additional preventive or mitigative
measures, records of preventive and
mitigative actions planned or taken;
(20) criteria for determining EFRD
installation;
(21) criteria for evaluating and
modifying leak detection capability;
(22) methods used to measure the
program's effectiveness.
VII. Conditions that may impair a
pipeline's integrity.
Section 195.452(h) requires an operator
to evaluate and remediate all pipeline
integrity issues raised by the integrity
assessment or information analysis. An
operator must develop a schedule that
prioritizes conditions discovered on the
pipeline for evaluation and remediation. The
following are some examples of conditions
that an operator should schedule for
evaluation and remediation.