Tablas Mecánica de Fluidos

Appendix A
Physical Properties
of Fluids
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Castor oil
SAE 10 oil
0.1
0.06
Glycerin
0.04
0.03 SAE 30 oil
Crude oil (SG 0.86)
0.02
0.01
6
Absolute viscosity µ, N ⋅ s / m2
4
Kerosine
3
Aniline
2
Carb Mercury
on t
1 × 10 – 3 etra
chlo
ride
6
4 Ethyl alcohol
3 Benzene Water
2 Gasoline (SG 0.68)
1 × 10 – 4
6
4
3 Helium
2
Carbon dioxide
Air
1× 10 – 5
Hydrogen
5
Fig. A.1 Absolute viscosity of com- – 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
mon fluids at 1 atm. Temperature, °C 769
http://librosysolucionarios.net
770 Appendix A
1 × 10 – 3
8
6
4 Glycerin
3
Helium
2 SAE 10 oil
Hydrogen
1 × 10 – 4
8
6
SAE 30 oil
4
Kinematic viscosity ν, m2 / s
3 Air and oxygen

2
Carbon dioxide
1 × 10 – 5
8
6
Crude oil (SG 0.86)
4
3
2
Kerosine
Benzene
1 × 10 – 6
8 Ethyl alcohol
6
4 Water
3
Gasoline (SG 0.68) Carbon
2 tetrachloride
Mercury
1 × 10 – 7
Fig. A.2 Kinematic viscosity of –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
common fluids at 1 atm. Temperature, °C
Physical Properties of Fluids 771
Table A.1 Viscosity and Density of

T, °C , kg/m3 , N s/m2 , m2/s T, °F , slug/ft3 , lb s/ft2 , ft2/s
Water at 1 atm
0 1000 1.788 E-3 1.788 E-6 32 1.940 3.73 E-5 1.925 E-5
10 1000 1.307 E-3 1.307 E-6 50 1.940 2.73 E-5 1.407 E-5
20 998 1.003 E-3 1.005 E-6 68 1.937 2.09 E-5 1.082 E-5
30 996 0.799 E-3 0.802 E-6 86 1.932 1.67 E-5 0.864 E-5
40 992 0.657 E-3 0.662 E-6 104 1.925 1.37 E-5 0.713 E-5
50 988 0.548 E-3 0.555 E-6 122 1.917 1.14 E-5 0.597 E-5
60 983 0.467 E-3 0.475 E-6 140 1.908 0.975 E-5 0.511 E-5
70 978 0.405 E-3 0.414 E-6 158 1.897 0.846 E-5 0.446 E-5
80 972 0.355 E-3 0.365 E-6 176 1.886 0.741 E-5 0.393 E-5
90 965 0.316 E-3 0.327 E-6 194 1.873 0.660 E-5 0.352 E-5
100 958 0.283 E-3 0.295 E-6 212 1.859 0.591 E-5 0.318 E-5
Suggested curve fits for water in the range 0 T 100°C:

(kg/m3) 1000 0.0178T°C 4°C1.7 0.2%

ln 1.704 5.306z 7.003z2
0
273 K
z 0 1.788 E-3 kg/(m
s)
TK
Table A.2 Viscosity and Density of

T, °C , kg/m3 , N s/m2 , m2/s T, °F , slug/ft3 , lb s/ft2 , ft2/s
Air at 1 atm
40 1.520 1.51 E-5 0.99 E-5 40 2.94 E-3 3.16 E-7 1.07 E-4
0 1.290 1.71 E-5 1.33 E-5 32 2.51 E-3 3.58 E-7 1.43 E-4
20 1.200 1.80 E-5 1.50 E-5 68 2.34 E-3 3.76 E-7 1.61 E-4
50 1.090 1.95 E-5 1.79 E-5 122 2.12 E-3 4.08 E-7 1.93 E-4
100 0.946 2.17 E-5 2.30 E-5 212 1.84 E-3 4.54 E-7 2.47 E-4
150 0.835 2.38 E-5 2.85 E-5 302 1.62 E-3 4.97 E-7 3.07 E-4
200 0.746 2.57 E-5 3.45 E-5 392 1.45 E-3 5.37 E-7 3.71 E-4
250 0.675 2.75 E-5 4.08 E-5 482 1.31 E-3 5.75 E-7 4.39 E-4
300 0.616 2.93 E-5 4.75 E-5 572 1.20 E-3 6.11 E-7 5.12 E-4
400 0.525 3.25 E-5 6.20 E-5 752 1.02 E-3 6.79 E-7 6.67 E-4
500 0.457 3.55 E-5 7.77 E-5 932 0.89 E-3 7.41 E-7 8.37 E-4
Suggested curve fits for air:

p
Rair 287 J/(kg
K)
RT

T 0.7
Power law:
0 T0
T0 S

TS
T 3/2
Sutherland law: Sair 110.4 K
0 T0
with T0 273 K, 0 1.71 E-5 kg/(m
s), and T in kelvins.
772 Appendix A
Table A.3 Properties of Common

Bulk modulus, Viscosity
Liquids at 1 atm and 20°C (68°F) Liquid , kg/m3 , kg/(m s) , N/m* p, N/m2 N/m2 parameter C†
Ammonia 13,608 2.20 E-4 2.13 E-2 9.10 E5 — 1.05
Benzene 13,881 6.51 E-4 2.88 E-2 1.01 E4 1.43 E9 4.34
Carbon tetrachloride 31,590 9.67 E-4 2.70 E-2 1.20 E4 9.65 E8 4.45
Ethanol 13,789 1.20 E-3 2.28 E-2 5.73 E3 9.03 E8 5.72
Ethylene glycol 31,117 2.14 E-2 4.84 E-2 1.23 E1 — 11.7
Freon 12 31,327 2.62 E-4 — — — 1.76
Gasoline 13,680 2.92 E-4 2.16 E-2 5.51 E4 9.58 E80 3.68
Glycerin 31,260 1.49 6.33 E-2 1.43 E-2 4.34 E90 28.0
Kerosine 13,804 1.92 E-3 2.83 E-2 3.11 E3 1.63 E90 5.56
Mercury 13,550 1.56 E-3 4.84 E-1 1.13 E-3 2.55 E10 1.07
Methanol 13,791 5.98 E-4 2.25 E-2 1.34 E4 8.33 E80 4.63
SAE 10W oil 13,870 1.04 E-1‡ 3.63 E-2 — 1.31 E90 15.7
SAE 10W30 oil 13,876 1.7 E-1‡ — — — 14.0
SAE 30W oil 13,891 2.9 E-1‡ 3.53 E-2 — 1.38 E90 18.3
SAE 50W oil 13,902 8.6 E-1‡ — — — 20.2
Water 13,998 1.00 E-3 7.28 E-2 2.34 E3 2.19 E90 Table A.1
Seawater (30%) 31,025 1.07 E-3 7.28 E-2 2.34 E3 2.33 E90 7.28
*
In contact with air.
†
The viscosity-temperature variation of these liquids may be fitted to the empirical expression

293 K
exp C 1
20°C TK
with accuracy of 6 percent in the range 0 T 100°C.
‡
Representative values. The SAE oil classifications allow a viscosity variation of up to 50 percent, especially at lower
temperatures.
Table A.4 Properties of Common

Molecular Specific-heat Power-law
Gases at 1 atm and 20°C (68°F) Gas weight R, m2/(s2 K) g, N/m3 , N s/m2 ratio exponent n†
H2 2.016 4124 00.822 9.05 E-6 1.41 0.68
He 4.003 2077 01.630 1.97 E-5 1.66 0.67
H2O 18.020 0461 07.350 1.02 E-5 1.33 1.15
Ar 39.944 0208 16.300 2.24 E-5 1.67 0.72
Dry air 28.960 0287 11.800 1.80 E-5 1.40 0.67
CO2 44.010 0189 17.900 1.48 E-5 1.30 0.79
CO 28.010 0297 11.400 1.82 E-5 1.40 0.71
N2 28.020 0297 11.400 1.76 E-5 1.40 0.67
O2 32.000 0260 13.100 2.00 E-5 1.40 0.69
NO 30.010 0277 12.100 1.90 E-5 1.40 0.78
N2O 44.020 0189 17.900 1.45 E-5 1.31 0.89
Cl2 70.910 0117 28.900 1.03 E-5 1.34 1.00
CH4 16.040 0518 06.540 1.34 E-5 1.32 0.87
†
The power-law curve fit, Eq. (1.27), /293K (T/293)n, fits these gases to within 4 percent in the range 250 T
1000 K. The temperature must be in kelvins.
Physical Properties of Fluids 773
Table A.5 Surface Table A.6 Prop-

T, °C , N/m p, kPa a, m/s z, m T, K p, Pa , kg/m3 a, m/s
Tension, Vapor erties of the
Pressure, and Sound 0 0.0756 0.611 1402 Standard 0500 291.41 107,508 1.2854 342.2
Speed of Water 10 0.0742 1.227 1447 Atmosphere 0,0000 288.16 101,350 1.2255 340.3
20 0.0728 2.337 1482 0,0500 284.91 095,480 1.1677 338.4
30 0.0712 4.242 1509 01,000 281.66 089,889 1.1120 336.5
40 0.0696 7.375 1529 01,500 278.41 084,565 1.0583 334.5
50 0.0679 12.34 1542 02,000 275.16 079,500 1.0067 332.6
60 0.0662 19.92 1551 02,500 271.91 074,684 0.9570 330.6
70 0.0644 31.16 1553 03,000 268.66 070,107 0.9092 328.6
80 0.0626 47.35 1554 03,500 265.41 065,759 0.8633 326.6
90 0.0608 70.11 1550 04,000 262.16 061,633 0.8191 324.6
100 0.0589 101.3 1543 04,500 258.91 057,718 0.7768 322.6
05,000 255.66 054,008 0.7361 320.6
120 0.0550 198.5 1518 05,500 252.41 050,493 0.6970 318.5
140 0.0509 361.3 1483 06,000 249.16 047,166 0.6596 316.5
160 0.0466 617.8 1440 06,500 245.91 044,018 0.6237 314.4
180 0.0422 1,002 1389 07,000 242.66 041,043 0.5893 312.3
200 0.0377 1,554 1334 07,500 239.41 038,233 0.5564 310.2
220 0.0331 2,318 1268 08,000 236.16 035,581 0.5250 308.1
240 0.0284 3,344 1192 08,500 232.91 033,080 0.4949 306.0
260 0.0237 4,688 1110 09,000 229.66 030,723 0.4661 303.8
280 0.0190 6,412 1022 09,500 226.41 028,504 0.4387 301.7
300 0.0144 8,581 920 10,000 223.16 026,416 0.4125 299.5
320 0.0099 11,274 800 10,500 219.91 024,455 0.3875 297.3
340 0.0056 14,586 630 11,000 216.66 022,612 0.3637 295.1
360 0.0019 18,651 370 11,500 216.66 020,897 0.3361 295.1
374* 0.0*19 22,090* 0* 12,000 216.66 019,312 0.3106 295.1
12,500 216.66 017,847 0.2870 295.1
*Critical point. 13,000 216.66 016,494 0.2652 295.1
13,500 216.66 015,243 0.2451 295.1
14,000 216.66 014,087 0.2265 295.1
14,500 216.66 013,018 0.2094 295.1
15,000 216.66 012,031 0.1935 295.1
15,500 216.66 011,118 0.1788 295.1
16,000 216.66 010,275 0.1652 295.1
16,500 216.66 009,496 0.1527 295.1
17,000 216.66 008,775 0.1411 295.1
17,500 216.66 008,110 0.1304 295.1
18,000 216.66 007,495 0.1205 295.1
18,500 216.66 006,926 0.1114 295.1
19,000 216.66 006,401 0.1029 295.1
19,500 216.66 005,915 0.0951 295.1
20,000 216.66 005,467 0.0879 295.1
22,000 218.60 004,048 0.0645 296.4
24,000 220.60 002,972 0.0469 297.8
26,000 222.50 002,189 0.0343 299.1
28,000 224.50 001,616 0.0251 300.4
30,000 226.50 001,197 0.0184 301.7
40,000 250.40 000,287 0.0040 317.2
50,000 270.70 000,080 0.0010 329.9
60,000 255.70 000,022 0.0003 320.6
70,000 219.70 000,006 0.0001 297.2
Appendix B
Compressible-Flow Tables
Table B.1
Ma p/p0 /0 T/T0 A/A* Ma p/p0 /0 T/T0 A/A*
Isentropic Flow
of a Perfect 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.74 0.6951 0.7712 0.9013 1.0681
Gas, k 1.4 0.02 0.9997 0.9998 0.9999 28.9421 0.76 0.6821 0.7609 0.8964 1.0570
0.04 0.9989 0.9992 0.9997 14.4815 0.78 0.6690 0.7505 0.8915 1.0471
0.06 0.9975 0.9982 0.9993 9.6659 0.8 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865 1.0382
0.08 0.9955 0.9968 0.9987 7.2616 0.82 0.6430 0.7295 0.8815 1.0305
0.1 0.9930 0.9950 0.9980 5.8218 0.84 0.6300 0.7189 0.8763 1.0237
0.12 0.9900 0.9928 0.9971 4.8643 0.86 0.6170 0.7083 0.8711 1.0179
0.14 0.9864 0.9903 0.9961 4.1824 0.88 0.6041 0.6977 0.8659 1.0129
0.16 0.9823 0.9873 0.9949 3.6727 0.9 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606 1.0089
0.18 0.9776 0.9840 0.9936 3.2779 0.92 0.5785 0.6764 0.8552 1.0056
0.2 0.9725 0.9803 0.9921 2.9635 0.94 0.5658 0.6658 0.8498 1.0031
0.22 0.9668 0.9762 0.9904 2.7076 0.96 0.5532 0.6551 0.8444 1.0014
0.24 0.9607 0.9718 0.9886 2.4956 0.98 0.5407 0.6445 0.8389 1.0003
0.26 0.9541 0.9670 0.9867 2.3173 1.0 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333 1.0000
0.28 0.9470 0.9619 0.9846 2.1656 1.02 0.5160 0.6234 0.8278 1.0003
0.3 0.9395 0.9564 0.9823 2.0351 1.04 0.5039 0.6129 0.8222 1.0013
0.32 0.9315 0.9506 0.9799 1.9219 1.06 0.4919 0.6024 0.8165 1.0029
0.34 0.9231 0.9445 0.9774 1.8229 1.08 0.4800 0.5920 0.8108 1.0051
0.36 0.9143 0.9380 0.9747 1.7358 1.1 0.4684 0.5817 0.8052 1.0079
0.38 0.9052 0.9313 0.9719 1.6587 1.12 0.4568 0.5714 0.7994 1.0113
0.4 0.8956 0.9243 0.9690 1.5901 1.14 0.4455 0.5612 0.7937 1.0153
0.42 0.8857 0.9170 0.9659 1.5289 1.16 0.4343 0.5511 0.7879 1.0198
0.44 0.8755 0.9094 0.9627 1.4740 1.18 0.4232 0.5411 0.7822 1.0248
0.46 0.8650 0.9016 0.9594 1.4246 1.2 0.4124 0.5311 0.7764 1.0304
0.48 0.8541 0.8935 0.9559 1.3801 1.22 0.4017 0.5213 0.7706 1.0366
0.5 0.8430 0.8852 0.9524 1.3398 1.24 0.3912 0.5115 0.7648 1.0432
0.52 0.8317 0.8766 0.9487 1.3034 1.26 0.3809 0.5019 0.7590 1.0504
0.54 0.8201 0.8679 0.9449 1.2703 1.28 0.3708 0.4923 0.7532 1.0581
0.56 0.8082 0.8589 0.9410 1.2403 1.3 0.3609 0.4829 0.7474 1.0663
0.58 0.7962 0.8498 0.9370 1.2130 1.32 0.3512 0.4736 0.7416 1.0750
0.6 0.7840 0.8405 0.9328 1.1882 1.34 0.3417 0.4644 0.7358 1.0842
0.62 0.7716 0.8310 0.9286 1.1656 1.36 0.3323 0.4553 0.7300 1.0940
0.64 0.7591 0.8213 0.9243 1.1451 1.38 0.3232 0.4463 0.7242 1.1042
0.66 0.7465 0.8115 0.9199 1.1265 1.4 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184 1.1149
0.68 0.7338 0.8016 0.9153 1.1097 1.42 0.3055 0.4287 0.7126 1.1262
0.7 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107 1.0944 1.44 0.2969 0.4201 0.7069 1.1379
0.72 0.7080 0.7814 0.9061 1.0806 1.46 0.2886 0.4116 0.7011 1.1501
774
Compressible-Flow Tables 775
Table B.1 (Cont.)

Isentropic Flow of
a Perfect Gas, 1.48 0.2804 0.4032 0.6954 1.1629 2.56 0.0533 0.1232 0.4328 2.7891
k 1.4 1.5 0.2724 0.3950 0.6897 1.1762 2.58 0.0517 0.1205 0.4289 2.8420
1.52 0.2646 0.3869 0.6840 1.1899 2.6 0.0501 0.1179 0.4252 2.8960
1.54 0.2570 0.3789 0.6783 1.2042 2.62 0.0486 0.1153 0.4214 2.9511
1.56 0.2496 0.3710 0.6726 1.2190 2.64 0.0471 0.1128 0.4177 3.0073
1.58 0.2423 0.3633 0.6670 1.2344 2.66 0.0457 0.1103 0.4141 3.0647
1.6 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614 1.2502 2.68 0.0443 0.1079 0.4104 3.1233
1.62 0.2284 0.3483 0.6558 1.2666 2.7 0.0430 0.1056 0.4068 3.1830
1.64 0.2217 0.3409 0.6502 1.2836 2.72 0.0417 0.1033 0.4033 3.2440
1.66 0.2151 0.3337 0.6447 1.3010 2.74 0.0404 0.1010 0.3998 3.3061
1.68 0.2088 0.3266 0.6392 1.3190 2.76 0.0392 0.0989 0.3963 3.3695
1.7 0.2026 0.3197 0.6337 1.3376 2.78 0.0380 0.0967 0.3928 3.4342
1.72 0.1966 0.3129 0.6283 1.3567 2.8 0.0368 0.0946 0.3894 3.5001
1.74 0.1907 0.3062 0.6229 1.3764 2.82 0.0357 0.0926 0.3860 3.5674
1.76 0.1850 0.2996 0.6175 1.3967 2.84 0.0347 0.0906 0.3827 3.6359
1.78 0.1794 0.2931 0.6121 1.4175 2.86 0.0336 0.0886 0.3794 3.7058
1.8 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068 1.4390 2.88 0.0326 0.0867 0.3761 3.7771
1.82 0.1688 0.2806 0.6015 1.4610 2.9 0.0317 0.0849 0.3729 3.8498
1.84 0.1637 0.2745 0.5963 1.4836 2.92 0.0307 0.0831 0.3696 3.9238
1.86 0.1587 0.2686 0.5910 1.5069 2.94 0.0298 0.0813 0.3665 3.9993
1.88 0.1539 0.2627 0.5859 1.5308 2.96 0.0289 0.0796 0.3633 4.0763
1.9 0.1492 0.2570 0.5807 1.5553 2.98 0.0281 0.0779 0.3602 4.1547
1.92 0.1447 0.2514 0.5756 1.5804 3.0 0.0272 0.0762 0.3571 4.2346
1.94 0.1403 0.2459 0.5705 1.6062 3.02 0.0264 0.0746 0.3541 4.3160
1.96 0.1360 0.2405 0.5655 1.6326 3.04 0.0256 0.0730 0.3511 4.3990
1.98 0.1318 0.2352 0.5605 1.6597 3.06 0.0249 0.0715 0.3481 4.4835
2.0 0.1278 0.2300 0.5556 1.6875 3.08 0.0242 0.0700 0.3452 4.5696
2.02 0.1239 0.2250 0.5506 1.7160 3.1 0.0234 0.0685 0.3422 4.6573
2.04 0.1201 0.2200 0.5458 1.7451 3.12 0.0228 0.0671 0.3393 4.7467
2.06 0.1164 0.2152 0.5409 1.7750 3.14 0.0221 0.0657 0.3365 4.8377
2.08 0.1128 0.2104 0.5361 1.8056 3.16 0.0215 0.0643 0.3337 4.9304
2.1 0.1094 0.2058 0.5313 1.8369 3.18 0.0208 0.0630 0.3309 5.0248
2.12 0.1060 0.2013 0.5266 1.8690 3.2 0.0202 0.0617 0.3281 5.1210
2.14 0.1027 0.1968 0.5219 1.9018 3.22 0.0196 0.0604 0.3253 5.2189
2.16 0.0996 0.1925 0.5173 1.9354 3.24 0.0191 0.0591 0.3226 5.3186
2.18 0.0965 0.1882 0.5127 1.9698 3.26 0.0185 0.0579 0.3199 5.4201
2.2 0.0935 0.1841 0.5081 2.0050 3.28 0.0180 0.0567 0.3173 5.5234
2.22 0.0906 0.1800 0.5036 2.0409 3.3 0.0175 0.0555 0.3147 5.6286
2.24 0.0878 0.1760 0.4991 2.0777 3.32 0.0170 0.0544 0.3121 5.7358
2.26 0.0851 0.1721 0.4947 2.1153 3.34 0.0165 0.0533 0.3095 5.8448
2.28 0.0825 0.1683 0.4903 2.1538 3.36 0.0160 0.0522 0.3069 5.9558
2.3 0.0800 0.1646 0.4859 2.1931 3.38 0.0156 0.0511 0.3044 6.0687
2.32 0.0775 0.1609 0.4816 2.2333 3.4 0.0151 0.0501 0.3019 6.1837
2.34 0.0751 0.1574 0.4773 2.2744 3.42 0.0147 0.0491 0.2995 6.3007
2.36 0.0728 0.1539 0.4731 2.3164 3.44 0.0143 0.0481 0.2970 6.4198
2.38 0.0706 0.1505 0.4688 2.3593 3.46 0.0139 0.0471 0.2946 6.5409
2.4 0.0684 0.1472 0.4647 2.4031 3.48 0.0135 0.0462 0.2922 6.6642
2.42 0.0663 0.1439 0.4606 2.4479 3.5 0.0131 0.0452 0.2899 6.7896
2.44 0.0643 0.1408 0.4565 2.4936 3.52 0.0127 0.0443 0.2875 6.9172
2.46 0.0623 0.1377 0.4524 2.5403 3.54 0.0124 0.0434 0.2852 7.0471
2.48 0.0604 0.1346 0.4484 2.5880 3.56 0.0120 0.0426 0.2829 7.1791
2.5 0.0585 0.1317 0.4444 2.6367 3.58 0.0117 0.0417 0.2806 7.3135
2.52 0.0567 0.1288 0.4405 2.6865 3.6 0.0114 0.0409 0.2784 7.4501
2.54 0.0550 0.1260 0.4366 2.7372 3.62 0.0111 0.0401 0.2762 7.5891
776 Appendix B
Table B.1
(Cont.) Isentropic
Flow of a Perfect 3.64 0.0108 0.0393 0.2740 7.7305 4.34 0.0042 0.0202 0.2098 14.4456
Gas, k 1.4 3.66 0.0105 0.0385 0.2718 7.8742 4.36 0.0041 0.0198 0.2083 14.6965
3.68 0.0102 0.0378 0.2697 8.0204 4.38 0.0040 0.0194 0.2067 14.9513
3.7 0.0099 0.0370 0.2675 8.1691 4.4 0.0039 0.0191 0.2053 15.2099
3.72 0.0096 0.0363 0.2654 8.3202 4.42 0.0038 0.0187 0.2038 15.4724
3.74 0.0094 0.0356 0.2633 8.4739 4.44 0.0037 0.0184 0.2023 15.7388
3.76 0.0091 0.0349 0.2613 8.6302 4.46 0.0036 0.0181 0.2009 16.0092
3.78 0.0089 0.0342 0.2592 8.7891 4.48 0.0035 0.0178 0.1994 16.2837
3.8 0.0086 0.0335 0.2572 8.9506 4.5 0.0035 0.0174 0.1980 16.5622
3.82 0.0084 0.0329 0.2552 9.1148 4.52 0.0034 0.0171 0.1966 16.8449
3.84 0.0082 0.0323 0.2532 9.2817 4.54 0.0033 0.0168 0.1952 17.1317
3.86 0.0080 0.0316 0.2513 9.4513 4.56 0.0032 0.0165 0.1938 17.4228
3.88 0.0077 0.0310 0.2493 9.6237 4.58 0.0031 0.0163 0.1925 17.7181
3.9 0.0075 0.0304 0.2474 9.7990 4.6 0.0031 0.0160 0.1911 18.0178
3.92 0.0073 0.0299 0.2455 9.9771 4.62 0.0030 0.0157 0.1898 18.3218
3.94 0.0071 0.0293 0.2436 10.1581 4.64 0.0029 0.0154 0.1885 18.6303
3.96 0.0069 0.0287 0.2418 10.3420 4.66 0.0028 0.0152 0.1872 18.9433
3.98 0.0068 0.0282 0.2399 10.5289 4.68 0.0028 0.0149 0.1859 19.2608
4.0 0.0066 0.0277 0.2381 10.7188 4.7 0.0027 0.0146 0.1846 19.5828
4.02 0.0064 0.0271 0.2363 10.9117 4.72 0.0026 0.0144 0.1833 19.9095
4.04 0.0062 0.0266 0.2345 11.1077 4.74 0.0026 0.0141 0.1820 20.2409
4.06 0.0061 0.0261 0.2327 11.3068 4.76 0.0025 0.0139 0.1808 20.5770
4.08 0.0059 0.0256 0.2310 11.5091 4.78 0.0025 0.0137 0.1795 20.9179
4.1 0.0058 0.0252 0.2293 11.7147 4.8 0.0024 0.0134 0.1783 21.2637
4.12 0.0056 0.0247 0.2275 11.9234 4.82 0.0023 0.0132 0.1771 21.6144
4.14 0.0055 0.0242 0.2258 12.1354 4.84 0.0023 0.0130 0.1759 21.9700
4.16 0.0053 0.0238 0.2242 12.3508 4.86 0.0022 0.0128 0.1747 22.3306
4.18 0.0052 0.0234 0.2225 12.5695 4.88 0.0022 0.0125 0.1735 22.6963
4.2 0.0051 0.0229 0.2208 12.7916 4.9 0.0021 0.0123 0.1724 23.0671
4.22 0.0049 0.0225 0.2192 13.0172 4.92 0.0021 0.0121 0.1712 23.4431
4.24 0.0048 0.0221 0.2176 13.2463 4.94 0.0020 0.0119 0.1700 23.8243
4.26 0.0047 0.0217 0.2160 13.4789 4.96 0.0020 0.0117 0.1689 24.2109
4.28 0.0046 0.0213 0.2144 13.7151 4.98 0.0019 0.0115 0.1678 24.6027
4.3 0.0044 0.0209 0.2129 13.9549 5.0 0.0019 0.0113 0.1667 25.0000
4.32 0.0043 0.0205 0.2113 14.1984
Table B.2 Normal-Shock Relations

for a Perfect Gas, k 1.4 Man1 Man2 p2/p1 V1/V2 2/1 T2/T1 p02/p01 A*2/A*1
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.02 0.9805 1.0471 1.0334 1.0132 1.0000 1.0000
1.04 0.9620 1.0952 1.0671 1.0263 0.9999 1.0001
1.06 0.9444 1.1442 1.1009 1.0393 0.9998 1.0002
1.08 0.9277 1.1941 1.1349 1.0522 0.9994 1.0006
1.1 0.9118 1.2450 1.1691 1.0649 0.9989 1.0011
1.12 0.8966 1.2968 1.2034 1.0776 0.9982 1.0018
1.14 0.8820 1.3495 1.2378 1.0903 0.9973 1.0027
1.16 0.8682 1.4032 1.2723 1.1029 0.9961 1.0040
1.18 0.8549 1.4578 1.3069 1.1154 0.9946 1.0055
1.2 0.8422 1.5133 1.3416 1.1280 0.9928 1.0073
1.22 0.8300 1.5698 1.3764 1.1405 0.9907 1.0094
1.24 0.8183 1.6272 1.4112 1.1531 0.9884 1.0118
Table B.2 (Cont.) Normal-Shock

Relations for a Perfect Gas, k 1.4 Man1 Man2 p2/p1 V1/V2 2/1 T2/T1 p02/p01 A*2/A*1
1.26 0.8071 1.6855 1.4460 1.1657 0.9857 1.0145
1.28 0.7963 1.7448 1.4808 1.1783 0.9827 1.0176
1.3 0.7860 1.8050 1.5157 1.1909 0.9794 1.0211
1.32 0.7760 1.8661 1.5505 1.2035 0.9758 1.0249
1.34 0.7664 1.9282 1.5854 1.2162 0.9718 1.0290
1.36 0.7572 1.9912 1.6202 1.2290 0.9676 1.0335
1.38 0.7483 2.0551 1.6549 1.2418 0.9630 1.0384
1.4 0.7397 2.1200 1.6897 1.2547 0.9582 1.0436
1.42 0.7314 2.1858 1.7243 1.2676 0.9531 1.0492
1.44 0.7235 2.2525 1.7589 1.2807 0.9476 1.0552
1.46 0.7157 2.3202 1.7934 1.2938 0.9420 1.0616
1.48 0.7083 2.3888 1.8278 1.3069 0.9360 1.0684
1.5 0.7011 2.4583 1.8621 1.3202 0.9298 1.0755
1.52 0.6941 2.5288 1.8963 1.3336 0.9233 1.0830
1.54 0.6874 2.6002 1.9303 1.3470 0.9166 1.0910
1.56 0.6809 2.6725 1.9643 1.3606 0.9097 1.0993
1.58 0.6746 2.7458 1.9981 1.3742 0.9026 1.1080
1.6 0.6684 2.8200 2.0317 1.3880 0.8952 1.1171
1.62 0.6625 2.8951 2.0653 1.4018 0.8877 1.1266
1.64 0.6568 2.9712 2.0986 1.4158 0.8799 1.1365
1.66 0.6512 3.0482 2.1318 1.4299 0.8720 1.1468
1.68 0.6458 3.1261 2.1649 1.4440 0.8639 1.1575
1.7 0.6405 3.2050 2.1977 1.4583 0.8557 1.1686
1.72 0.6355 3.2848 2.2304 1.4727 0.8474 1.1801
1.74 0.6305 3.3655 2.2629 1.4873 0.8389 1.1921
1.76 0.6257 3.4472 2.2952 1.5019 0.8302 1.2045
1.78 0.6210 3.5298 2.3273 1.5167 0.8215 1.2173
1.8 0.6165 3.6133 2.3592 1.5316 0.8127 1.2305
1.82 0.6121 3.6978 2.3909 1.5466 0.8038 1.2441
1.84 0.6078 3.7832 2.4224 1.5617 0.7948 1.2582
1.86 0.6036 3.8695 2.4537 1.5770 0.7857 1.2728
1.88 0.5996 3.9568 2.4848 1.5924 0.7765 1.2877
1.9 0.5956 4.0450 2.5157 1.6079 0.7674 1.3032
1.92 0.5918 4.1341 2.5463 1.6236 0.7581 1.3191
1.94 0.5880 4.2242 2.5767 1.6394 0.7488 1.3354
1.96 0.5844 4.3152 2.6069 1.6553 0.7395 1.3522
1.98 0.5808 4.4071 2.6369 1.6713 0.7302 1.3695
2.0 0.5774 4.5000 2.6667 1.6875 0.7209 1.3872
2.02 0.5740 4.5938 2.6962 1.7038 0.7115 1.4054
2.04 0.5707 4.6885 2.7255 1.7203 0.7022 1.4241
2.06 0.5675 4.7842 2.7545 1.7369 0.6928 1.4433
2.08 0.5643 4.8808 2.7833 1.7536 0.6835 1.4630
2.1 0.5613 4.9783 2.8119 1.7705 0.6742 1.4832
2.12 0.5583 5.0768 2.8402 1.7875 0.6649 1.5039
2.14 0.5554 5.1762 2.8683 1.8046 0.6557 1.5252
2.16 0.5525 5.2765 2.8962 1.8219 0.6464 1.5469
2.18 0.5498 5.3778 2.9238 1.8393 0.6373 1.5692
2.2 0.5471 5.4800 2.9512 1.8569 0.6281 1.5920
2.22 0.5444 5.5831 2.9784 1.8746 0.6191 1.6154
2.24 0.5418 5.6872 3.0053 1.8924 0.6100 1.6393
2.26 0.5393 5.7922 3.0319 1.9104 0.6011 1.6638
2.28 0.5368 5.8981 3.0584 1.9285 0.5921 1.6888
2.3 0.5344 6.0050 3.0845 1.9468 0.5833 1.7144
2.32 0.5321 6.1128 3.1105 1.9652 0.5745 1.7406
778 Appendix B

2.34 0.5297 6.2215 3.1362 1.9838 0.5658 1.7674
2.36 0.5275 6.3312 3.1617 2.0025 0.5572 1.7948
2.38 0.5253 6.4418 3.1869 2.0213 0.5486 1.8228
2.4 0.5231 6.5533 3.2119 2.0403 0.5401 1.8514
2.42 0.5210 6.6658 3.2367 2.0595 0.5317 1.8806
2.44 0.5189 6.7792 3.2612 2.0788 0.5234 1.9105
2.46 0.5169 6.8935 3.2855 2.0982 0.5152 1.9410
2.48 0.5149 7.0088 3.3095 2.1178 0.5071 1.9721
2.5 0.5130 7.1250 3.3333 2.1375 0.4990 2.0039
2.52 0.5111 7.2421 3.3569 2.1574 0.4911 2.0364
2.54 0.5092 7.3602 3.3803 2.1774 0.4832 2.0696
2.56 0.5074 7.4792 3.4034 2.1976 0.4754 2.1035
2.58 0.5056 7.5991 3.4263 2.2179 0.4677 2.1381
2.6 0.5039 7.7200 3.4490 2.2383 0.4601 2.1733
2.62 0.5022 7.8418 3.4714 2.2590 0.4526 2.2093
2.64 0.5005 7.9645 3.4937 2.2797 0.4452 2.2461
2.66 0.4988 8.0882 3.5157 2.3006 0.4379 2.2835
2.68 0.4972 8.2128 3.5374 2.3217 0.4307 2.3218
2.7 0.4956 8.3383 3.5590 2.3429 0.4236 2.3608
2.72 0.4941 8.4648 3.5803 2.3642 0.4166 2.4005
2.74 0.4926 8.5922 3.6015 2.3858 0.4097 2.4411
2.76 0.4911 8.7205 3.6224 2.4074 0.4028 2.4825
2.78 0.4896 8.8498 3.6431 2.4292 0.3961 2.5246
2.8 0.4882 8.9800 2.6636 2.4512 0.3895 2.5676
2.82 0.4868 9.1111 3.6838 2.4733 0.3829 2.6115
2.84 0.4854 9.2432 3.7039 2.4955 0.3765 2.6561
2.86 0.4840 9.3762 3.7238 2.5179 0.3701 2.7017
2.88 0.4827 9.5101 3.7434 2.5405 0.3639 2.7481
2.9 0.4814 9.6450 3.7629 2.5632 0.3577 2.7954
2.92 0.4801 9.7808 3.7821 2.5861 0.3517 2.8436
2.94 0.4788 9.9175 3.8012 2.6091 0.3457 2.8927
2.96 0.4776 10.0552 3.8200 2.6322 0.3398 2.9427
2.98 0.4764 10.1938 3.8387 2.6555 0.3340 2.9937
3.0 0.4752 10.3333 3.8571 2.6790 0.3283 3.0456
3.02 0.4740 10.4738 3.8754 2.7026 0.3227 3.0985
3.04 0.4729 10.6152 3.8935 2.7264 0.3172 3.1523
3.06 0.4717 10.7575 3.9114 2.7503 0.3118 3.2072
3.08 0.4706 10.9008 3.9291 2.7744 0.3065 3.2630
3.1 0.4695 11.0450 3.9466 2.7986 0.3012 3.3199
3.12 0.4685 11.1901 3.9639 2.8230 0.2960 3.3778
3.14 0.4674 11.3362 3.9811 2.8475 0.2910 3.4368
3.16 0.4664 11.4832 3.9981 2.8722 0.2860 3.4969
3.18 0.4654 11.6311 4.0149 2.8970 0.2811 3.5580
3.2 0.4643 11.7800 4.0315 2.9220 0.2762 3.6202
3.22 0.4634 11.9298 4.0479 2.9471 0.2715 3.6835
3.24 0.4624 12.0805 4.0642 2.9724 0.2668 3.7480
3.26 0.4614 12.2322 4.0803 2.9979 0.2622 3.8136
3.28 0.4605 12.3848 4.0963 3.0234 0.2577 3.8803
3.3 0.4596 12.5383 4.1120 3.0492 0.2533 3.9483
3.32 0.4587 12.6928 4.1276 3.0751 0.2489 4.0174
3.34 0.4578 12.8482 4.1431 3.1011 0.2446 4.0877
3.36 0.4569 13.0045 4.1583 3.1273 0.2404 4.1593
3.38 0.4560 13.1618 4.1734 3.1537 0.2363 4.2321
3.4 0.4552 13.3200 4.1884 3.1802 0.2322 4.3062

3.42 0.4544 13.4791 4.2032 3.2069 0.2282 4.3815
3.44 0.4535 13.6392 4.2178 3.2337 0.2243 4.4581
3.46 0.4527 13.8002 4.2323 3.2607 0.2205 4.5361
3.48 0.4519 13.9621 4.2467 3.2878 0.2167 4.6154
3.5 0.4512 14.1250 4.2609 3.3151 0.2129 4.6960
3.52 0.4504 14.2888 4.2749 3.3425 0.2093 4.7780
3.54 0.4496 14.4535 4.2888 3.3701 0.2057 4.8614
3.56 0.4489 14.6192 4.3026 3.3978 0.2022 4.9461
3.58 0.4481 14.7858 4.3162 3.4257 0.1987 5.0324
3.6 0.4474 14.9533 4.3296 3.4537 0.1953 5.1200
3.62 0.4467 15.1218 4.3429 3.4819 0.1920 5.2091
3.64 0.4460 15.2912 4.3561 3.5103 0.1887 5.2997
3.66 0.4453 15.4615 4.3692 3.5388 0.1855 5.3918
3.68 0.4446 15.6328 4.3821 3.5674 0.1823 5.4854
3.7 0.4439 15.8050 4.3949 3.5962 0.1792 5.5806
3.72 0.4433 15.9781 4.4075 3.6252 0.1761 5.6773
3.74 0.4426 16.1522 4.4200 3.6543 0.1731 5.7756
3.76 0.4420 16.3272 4.4324 3.6836 0.1702 5.8755
3.78 0.4414 16.5031 4.4447 3.7130 0.1673 5.9770
3.8 0.4407 16.6800 4.4568 3.7426 0.1645 6.0801
3.82 0.4401 16.8578 4.4688 3.7723 0.1617 6.1849
3.84 0.4395 17.0365 4.4807 3.8022 0.1589 6.2915
3.86 0.4389 17.2162 4.4924 3.8323 0.1563 6.3997
3.88 0.4383 17.3968 4.5041 3.8625 0.1536 6.5096
3.9 0.4377 17.5783 4.4156 3.8928 0.1510 6.6213
3.92 0.4372 17.7608 4.5270 3.9233 0.1485 6.7348
3.94 0.4366 17.9442 4.5383 3.9540 0.1460 6.8501
3.96 0.4360 18.1285 4.5494 3.9848 0.1435 6.9672
3.98 0.4355 18.3138 4.5605 4.0158 0.1411 7.0861
4.0 0.4350 18.5000 4.5714 4.0469 0.1388 7.2069
4.02 0.4344 18.6871 4.5823 4.0781 0.1364 7.3296
4.04 0.4339 18.8752 4.5930 4.1096 0.1342 7.4542
4.06 0.4334 19.0642 4.6036 4.1412 0.1319 7.5807
4.08 0.4329 19.2541 4.6141 4.1729 0.1297 7.7092
4.1 0.4324 19.4450 4.6245 4.2048 0.1276 7.8397
4.12 0.4319 19.6368 4.6348 4.2368 0.1254 7.9722
4.14 0.4314 19.8295 4.6450 4.2690 0.1234 8.1067
4.16 0.4309 20.0232 4.6550 4.3014 0.1213 8.2433
4.18 0.4304 20.2178 4.6650 4.3339 0.1193 8.3819
4.2 0.4299 20.4133 4.6749 4.3666 0.1173 8.5227
4.22 0.4295 20.6098 4.6847 4.3994 0.1154 8.6656
4.24 0.4290 20.8072 4.6944 4.4324 0.1135 8.8107
4.26 0.4286 21.0055 4.7040 4.4655 0.1116 8.9579
4.28 0.4281 21.2048 4.7135 4.4988 0.1098 9.1074
4.3 0.4277 21.4050 4.7229 4.5322 0.1080 9.2591
4.32 0.4272 21.6061 4.7322 4.5658 0.1062 9.4131
4.34 0.4268 21.8082 4.7414 4.5995 0.1045 9.5694
4.36 0.4264 22.0112 4.7505 4.6334 0.1028 9.7280
4.38 0.4260 22.2151 4.7595 4.6675 0.1011 9.8889
4.4 0.4255 22.4200 4.7685 4.7017 0.0995 10.0522
4.42 0.4251 22.6258 4.7773 4.7361 0.0979 10.2179
4.44 0.4247 22.8325 4.7861 4.7706 0.0963 10.3861
4.46 0.4243 23.0402 4.7948 4.8053 0.0947 10.5567
4.48 0.4239 23.2488 4.8034 4.8401 0.0932 10.7298
780 Appendix B

4.5 0.4236 23.4583 4.8119 4.8751 0.0917 10.9054
4.52 0.4232 23.6688 4.8203 4.9102 0.0902 11.0835
4.54 0.4228 23.8802 4.8287 4.9455 0.0888 11.2643
4.56 0.4224 24.0925 4.8369 4.9810 0.0874 11.4476
4.58 0.4220 24.3058 4.8451 5.0166 0.0860 11.6336
4.6 0.4217 24.5200 4.8532 5.0523 0.0846 11.8222
4.62 0.4213 24.7351 4.8612 5.0882 0.0832 12.0136
4.64 0.4210 24.9512 4.8692 5.1243 0.0819 12.2076
4.66 0.4206 25.1682 4.8771 5.1605 0.0806 12.4044
4.68 0.4203 25.3861 4.8849 5.1969 0.0793 12.6040
4.7 0.4199 25.6050 4.8926 5.2334 0.0781 12.8065
4.72 0.4196 25.8248 4.9002 5.2701 0.0769 13.0117
4.74 0.4192 26.0455 4.9078 5.3070 0.0756 13.2199
4.76 0.4189 26.2672 4.9153 5.3440 0.0745 13.4310
4.78 0.4186 26.4898 4.9227 5.3811 0.0733 13.6450
4.8 0.4183 26.7133 4.9301 5.4184 0.0721 13.8620
4.82 0.4179 26.9378 4.9374 5.4559 0.0710 14.0820
4.84 0.4176 27.1632 4.9446 5.4935 0.0699 14.3050
4.86 0.4173 27.3895 4.9518 5.5313 0.0688 14.5312
4.88 0.4170 27.6168 4.9589 5.5692 0.0677 14.7604
4.9 0.4167 27.8450 4.9659 5.6073 0.0667 14.9928
4.92 0.4164 28.0741 4.9728 5.6455 0.0657 15.2284
4.94 0.4161 28.3042 4.9797 5.6839 0.0647 15.4672
4.96 0.4158 28.5352 4.9865 5.7224 0.0637 15.7902
4.98 0.4155 28.7671 4.9933 5.7611 0.0627 15.9545
5.0 0.4152 29.0000 5.0000 5.8000 0.0617 16.2032
Table B.3 Adiabatic Frictional

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct for Ma f L*/D p/p* T/T* */ V/V* p0/p*0
k 1.4 0.0 1.2000 0.0
0.02 1778.4500 54.7701 1.1999 0.0219 28.9421
0.04 440.3520 27.3817 1.1996 0.0438 14.4815
0.06 193.0310 18.2508 1.1991 0.0657 9.6659
0.08 106.7180 13.6843 1.1985 0.0876 7.2616
0.1 66.9216 10.9435 1.1976 0.1094 5.8218
0.12 45.4080 9.1156 1.1966 0.1313 4.8643
0.14 32.5113 7.8093 1.1953 0.1531 4.1824
0.16 24.1978 6.8291 1.1939 0.1748 3.6727
0.18 18.5427 6.0662 1.1923 0.1965 3.2779
0.2 14.5333 5.4554 1.1905 0.2182 2.9635
0.22 11.5961 4.9554 1.1885 0.2398 2.7076
0.24 9.3865 4.5383 1.1863 0.2614 2.4956
0.26 7.6876 4.1851 1.1840 0.2829 2.3173
0.28 6.3572 3.8820 1.1815 0.3043 2.1656
0.3 5.2993 3.6191 1.1788 0.3257 2.0351
0.32 4.4467 3.3887 1.1759 0.3470 1.9219
0.34 3.7520 3.1853 1.1729 0.3682 1.8229
0.36 3.1801 3.0042 1.1697 0.3893 1.7358
0.38 2.7054 2.8420 1.1663 0.4104 1.6587
0.4 2.3085 2.6958 1.1628 0.4313 1.5901
0.42 1.9744 2.5634 1.1591 0.4522 1.5289
Table B.3 (Cont.) Adiabatic

Frictional Flow in a Constant-Area Ma f L*/D p/p* T/T* */ V/V* p0/p*0
Duct for k 1.4 0.44 1.6915 2.4428 1.1553 0.4729 1.4740
0.46 1.4509 2.3326 1.1513 0.4936 1.4246
0.48 1.2453 2.2313 1.1471 0.5141 1.3801
0.5 1.0691 2.1381 1.1429 0.5345 1.3398
0.52 0.9174 2.0519 1.1384 0.5548 1.3034
0.54 0.7866 1.9719 1.1339 0.5750 1.2703
0.56 0.6736 1.8975 1.1292 0.5951 1.2403
0.58 0.5757 1.8282 1.1244 0.6150 1.2130
0.6 0.4908 1.7634 1.1194 0.6348 1.1882
0.62 0.4172 1.7026 1.1143 0.6545 1.1656
0.64 0.3533 1.6456 1.1091 0.6740 1.1451
0.66 0.2979 1.5919 1.1038 0.6934 1.1265
0.68 0.2498 1.5413 1.0984 0.7127 1.1097
0.7 0.2081 1.4935 1.0929 0.7318 1.0944
0.72 0.1721 1.4482 1.0873 0.7508 1.0806
0.74 0.1411 1.4054 1.0815 0.7696 1.0681
0.76 0.1145 1.3647 1.0757 0.7883 1.0570
0.78 0.0917 1.3261 1.0698 0.8068 1.0471
0.8 0.0723 1.2893 1.0638 0.8251 1.0382
0.82 0.0559 1.2542 1.0578 0.8433 1.0305
0.84 0.0423 1.2208 1.0516 0.8614 1.0237
0.86 0.0310 1.1889 1.0454 0.8793 1.0179
0.88 0.0218 1.1583 1.0391 0.8970 1.0129
0.9 0.0145 1.1291 1.0327 0.9146 1.0089
0.92 0.0089 1.1011 1.0263 0.9320 1.0056
0.94 0.0048 1.0743 1.0198 0.9493 1.0031
0.96 0.0021 1.0485 1.0132 0.9663 1.0014
0.98 0.0005 1.0238 1.0066 0.9833 1.0003
1.0 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.02 0.0005 0.9771 0.9933 1.0166 1.0003
1.04 0.0018 0.9551 0.9866 1.0330 1.0013
1.06 0.0038 0.9338 0.9798 1.0492 1.0029
1.08 0.0066 0.9133 0.9730 1.0653 1.0051
1.1 0.0099 0.8936 0.9662 1.0812 1.0079
1.12 0.0138 0.8745 0.9593 1.0970 1.0113
1.14 0.0182 0.8561 0.9524 1.1126 1.0153
1.16 0.0230 0.8383 0.9455 1.1280 1.0198
1.18 0.0281 0.8210 0.9386 1.1432 1.0248
1.2 0.0336 0.8044 0.9317 1.1583 1.0304
1.22 0.0394 0.7882 0.9247 1.1732 1.0366
1.24 0.0455 0.7726 0.9178 1.1879 1.0432
1.26 0.0517 0.7574 0.9108 1.2025 1.0504
1.28 0.0582 0.7427 0.9038 1.2169 1.0581
1.3 0.0648 0.7285 0.8969 1.2311 1.0663
1.32 0.0716 0.7147 0.8899 1.2452 1.0750
1.34 0.0785 0.7012 0.8829 1.2591 1.0842
1.36 0.0855 0.6882 0.8760 1.2729 1.0940
1.38 0.0926 0.6755 0.8690 1.2864 1.1042
1.4 0.0997 0.6632 0.8621 1.2999 1.1149
1.42 0.1069 0.6512 0.8551 1.3131 1.1262
1.44 0.1142 0.6396 0.8482 1.3262 1.1379
1.46 0.1215 0.6282 0.8413 1.3392 1.1501
1.48 0.1288 0.6172 0.8344 1.3520 1.1629
1.5 0.1361 0.6065 0.8276 1.3646 1.1762
782 Appendix B

Duct for k 1.4 1.52 0.1433 0.5960 0.8207 1.3770 1.1899
1.54 0.1506 0.5858 0.8139 1.3894 1.2042
1.56 0.1579 0.5759 0.8071 1.4015 1.2190
1.58 0.1651 0.5662 0.8004 1.4135 1.2344
1.6 0.1724 0.5568 0.7937 1.4254 1.2502
1.62 0.1795 0.5476 0.7869 1.4371 1.2666
1.64 0.1867 0.5386 0.7803 1.4487 1.2836
1.66 0.1938 0.5299 0.7736 1.4601 1.3010
1.68 0.2008 0.5213 0.7670 1.4713 1.3190
1.7 0.2078 0.5130 0.7605 1.4825 1.3376
1.72 0.2147 0.5048 0.7539 1.4935 1.3567
1.74 0.2216 0.4969 0.7474 1.5043 1.3764
1.76 0.2284 0.4891 0.7410 1.5150 1.3967
1.78 0.2352 0.4815 0.7345 1.5256 1.4175
1.8 0.2419 0.4741 0.7282 1.5360 1.4390
1.82 0.2485 0.4668 0.7218 1.5463 1.4610
1.84 0.2551 0.4597 0.7155 1.5564 1.4836
1.86 0.2616 0.4528 0.7093 1.5664 1.5069
1.88 0.2680 0.4460 0.7030 1.5763 1.5308
1.9 0.2743 0.4394 0.6969 1.5861 1.5553
1.92 0.2806 0.4329 0.6907 1.5957 1.5804
1.94 0.2868 0.4265 0.6847 1.6052 1.6062
1.96 0.2929 0.4203 0.6786 1.6146 1.6326
1.98 0.2990 0.4142 0.6726 1.6239 1.6597
2.0 0.3050 0.4082 0.6667 1.6330 1.6875
2.02 0.3109 0.4024 0.6608 1.6420 1.7160
2.04 0.3168 0.3967 0.6549 1.6509 1.7451
2.06 0.3225 0.3911 0.6491 1.6597 1.7750
2.08 0.3282 0.3856 0.6433 1.6683 1.8056
2.1 0.3339 0.3802 0.6376 1.6769 1.8369
2.12 0.3394 0.3750 0.6320 1.6853 1.8690
2.14 0.3449 0.3698 0.6263 1.6936 1.9018
2.16 0.3503 0.3648 0.6208 1.7018 1.9354
2.18 0.3556 0.3598 0.6152 1.7099 1.9698
2.2 0.3609 0.3549 0.6098 1.7179 2.0050
2.22 0.3661 0.3502 0.6043 1.7258 2.0409
2.24 0.3712 0.3455 0.5989 1.7336 2.0777
2.26 0.3763 0.3409 0.5936 1.7412 2.1153
2.28 0.3813 0.3364 0.5883 1.7488 2.1538
2.3 0.3862 0.3320 0.5831 1.7563 2.1931
2.32 0.3911 0.3277 0.5779 1.7637 2.2333
2.34 0.3959 0.3234 0.5728 1.7709 2.2744
2.36 0.4006 0.3193 0.5677 1.7781 2.3164
2.38 0.4053 0.3152 0.5626 1.7852 2.3593
2.4 0.4099 0.3111 0.5576 1.7922 2.4031
2.42 0.4144 0.3072 0.5527 1.7991 2.4479
2.44 0.4189 0.3033 0.5478 1.8059 2.4936
2.46 0.4233 0.2995 0.5429 1.8126 2.5403
2.48 0.4277 0.2958 0.5381 1.8192 2.5880
2.5 0.4320 0.2921 0.5333 1.8257 2.6367
2.52 0.4362 0.2885 0.5286 1.8322 2.6865
2.54 0.4404 0.2850 0.5239 1.8386 2.7372
2.56 0.4445 0.2815 0.5193 1.8448 2.7891
2.58 0.4486 0.2781 0.5147 1.8510 2.8420

Duct for k 1.4 2.6 0.4526 0.2747 0.5102 1.8571 2.8960
2.62 0.4565 0.2714 0.5057 1.8632 2.9511
2.64 0.4604 0.2682 0.5013 1.8691 3.0073
2.66 0.4643 0.2650 0.4969 1.8750 3.0647
2.68 0.4681 0.2619 0.4925 1.8808 3.1233
2.7 0.4718 0.2588 0.4882 1.8865 3.1830
2.72 0.4755 0.2558 0.4839 1.8922 3.2440
2.74 0.4791 0.2528 0.4797 1.8978 3.3061
2.76 0.4827 0.2498 0.4755 1.9033 3.3695
2.78 0.4863 0.2470 0.4714 1.9087 3.4342
2.8 0.4898 0.2441 0.4673 1.9140 3.5001
2.82 0.4932 0.2414 0.4632 1.9193 3.5674
2.84 0.4966 0.2386 0.4592 1.9246 3.6359
2.86 0.5000 0.2359 0.4552 1.9297 3.7058
2.88 0.5033 0.2333 0.4513 1.9348 3.7771
2.9 0.5065 0.2307 0.4474 1.9398 3.8498
2.92 0.5097 0.2281 0.4436 1.9448 3.9238
2.94 0.5129 0.2256 0.4398 1.9497 3.9993
2.96 0.5160 0.2231 0.4360 1.9545 4.0763
2.98 0.5191 0.2206 0.4323 1.9593 4.1547
3.0 0.5222 0.2182 0.4286 1.9640 4.2346
3.02 0.5252 0.2158 0.4249 1.9686 4.3160
3.04 0.5281 0.2135 0.4213 1.9732 4.3989
3.06 0.5310 0.2112 0.4177 1.9777 4.4835
3.08 0.5339 0.2090 0.4142 1.9822 4.5696
3.1 0.5368 0.2067 0.4107 1.9866 4.6573
3.12 0.5396 0.2045 0.4072 1.9910 4.7467
3.14 0.5424 0.2024 0.4038 1.9953 4.8377
3.16 0.5451 0.2002 0.4004 1.9995 4.9304
3.18 0.5478 0.1981 0.3970 2.0037 5.0248
3.2 0.5504 0.1961 0.3937 2.0079 5.1210
3.22 0.5531 0.1940 0.3904 2.0120 5.2189
3.24 0.5557 0.1920 0.3872 2.0160 5.3186
3.26 0.5582 0.1901 0.3839 2.0200 5.4201
3.28 0.5607 0.1881 0.3807 2.0239 5.5234
3.3 0.5632 0.1862 0.3776 2.0278 5.6286
3.32 0.5657 0.1843 0.3745 2.0317 5.7358
3.34 0.5681 0.1825 0.3714 2.0355 5.8448
3.36 0.5705 0.1806 0.3683 2.0392 5.9558
3.38 0.5729 0.1788 0.3653 2.0429 6.0687
3.4 0.5752 0.1770 0.3623 2.0466 6.1837
3.42 0.5775 0.1753 0.3594 2.0502 6.3007
3.44 0.5798 0.1736 0.3564 2.0537 6.4198
3.46 0.5820 0.1718 0.3535 2.0573 6.5409
3.48 0.5842 0.1702 0.3507 2.0607 6.6642
3.5 0.5864 0.1685 0.3478 2.0642 6.7896
3.52 0.5886 0.1669 0.3450 2.0676 6.9172
3.54 0.5907 0.1653 0.3422 2.0709 7.0471
3.56 0.5928 0.1637 0.3395 2.0743 7.1791
3.58 0.5949 0.1621 0.3368 2.0775 7.3135
3.6 0.5970 0.1616 0.3341 2.0808 7.4501
3.62 0.5990 0.1590 0.3314 2.0840 7.5891
3.64 0.6010 0.1575 0.3288 2.0871 7.7305
3.66 0.6030 0.1560 0.3262 2.0903 7.8742
784 Appendix B

Duct for k 1.4 3.68 0.6049 0.1546 0.3236 2.0933 8.0204
3.7 0.6068 0.1531 0.3210 2.0964 8.1691
3.72 0.6087 0.1517 0.3185 2.0994 8.3202
3.74 0.6106 0.1503 0.3160 2.1024 8.4739
3.76 0.6125 0.1489 0.3135 2.1053 8.6302
3.78 0.6143 0.1475 0.3111 2.1082 8.7891
3.8 0.6161 0.1462 0.3086 2.1111 8.9506
3.82 0.6179 0.1449 0.3062 2.1140 9.1148
3.84 0.6197 0.1436 0.3039 2.1168 9.2817
3.86 0.6214 0.1423 0.3015 2.1195 9.4513
3.88 0.6231 0.1410 0.2992 2.1223 9.6237
3.9 0.6248 0.1397 0.2969 2.1250 9.7990
3.92 0.6265 0.1385 0.2946 2.1277 9.9771
3.94 0.6282 0.1372 0.2923 2.1303 10.1581
3.96 0.6298 0.1360 0.2901 2.1329 10.3420
3.98 0.6315 0.1348 0.2879 2.1355 10.5289
4.0 0.6331 0.1336 0.2857 2.1381 10.7188
Table B.4 Frictionless Duct Flow

with Heat Transfer for k 1.4 Ma T0/T*0 p/p* T/T* */ V/V* p0/p*0
0.0 0.0 2.4000 0.0 0.0 1.2679
0.02 0.0019 2.3987 0.0023 0.0010 1.2675
0.04 0.0076 2.3946 0.0092 0.0038 1.2665
0.06 0.0171 2.3800 0.0205 0.0086 1.2647
0.08 0.0302 2.3787 0.0362 0.0152 1.2623
0.1 0.0468 2.3669 0.0560 0.0237 1.2591
0.12 0.0666 2.3526 0.0797 0.0339 1.2554
0.14 0.0895 2.3359 0.1069 0.0458 1.2510
0.16 0.1151 2.3170 0.1374 0.0593 1.2461
0.18 0.1432 2.2959 0.1708 0.0744 1.2406
0.2 0.1736 2.2727 0.2066 0.0909 1.2346
0.22 0.2057 2.2477 0.2445 0.1088 1.2281
0.24 0.2395 2.2209 0.2841 0.1279 1.2213
0.26 0.2745 2.1925 0.3250 0.1482 1.2140
0.28 0.3104 2.1626 0.3667 0.1696 1.2064
0.3 0.3469 2.1314 0.4089 0.1918 1.1985
0.32 0.3837 2.0991 0.4512 0.2149 1.1904
0.34 0.4206 2.0657 0.4933 0.2388 1.1822
0.36 0.4572 2.0314 0.5348 0.2633 1.1737
0.38 0.4935 1.9964 0.5755 0.2883 1.1652
0.4 0.5290 1.9608 0.6151 0.3137 1.1566
0.42 0.5638 1.9247 0.6535 0.3395 1.1480
0.44 0.5975 1.8882 0.6903 0.3656 1.1394
0.46 0.6301 1.8515 0.7254 0.3918 1.1308
0.48 0.6614 1.8147 0.7587 0.4181 1.1224
0.5 0.6914 1.7778 0.7901 0.4444 1.1141
0.52 0.7199 1.7409 0.8196 0.4708 1.1059
0.54 0.7470 1.7043 0.8469 0.4970 1.0979
0.56 0.7725 1.6678 0.8723 0.5230 1.0901
0.58 0.7965 1.6316 0.8955 0.5489 1.0826
0.6 0.8189 1.5957 0.9167 0.5745 1.0753
Table B.4 (Cont.) Frictionless

Duct Flow with Heat Transfer for Ma T0/T*0 p/p* T/T* */ V/V* p0/p*0
k 1.4 0.62 0.8398 1.5603 0.9358 0.5998 1.0682
0.64 0.8592 1.5253 0.9530 0.6248 1.0615
0.66 0.8771 1.4908 0.9682 0.6494 1.0550
0.68 0.8935 1.4569 0.9814 0.6737 1.0489
0.7 0.9085 1.4235 0.9929 0.6975 1.0431
0.72 0.9221 1.3907 1.0026 0.7209 1.0376
0.74 0.9344 1.3585 1.0106 0.7439 1.0325
0.76 0.9455 1.3270 1.0171 0.7665 1.0278
0.78 0.9553 1.2961 1.0220 0.7885 1.0234
0.8 0.9639 1.2658 1.0255 0.8101 1.0193
0.82 0.9715 1.2362 1.0276 0.8313 1.0157
0.84 0.9781 1.2073 1.0285 0.8519 1.0124
0.86 0.9836 1.1791 1.0283 0.8721 1.0095
0.88 0.9883 1.1515 1.0269 0.8918 1.0070
0.9 0.9921 1.1246 1.0245 0.9110 1.0049
0.92 0.9951 1.0984 1.0212 0.9297 1.0031
0.94 0.9973 1.0728 1.0170 0.9480 1.0017
0.96 0.9988 1.0479 1.0121 0.9658 1.0008
0.98 0.9997 1.0236 1.0064 0.9831 1.0002
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.02 0.9997 0.9770 0.9930 1.0164 1.0002
1.04 0.9989 0.9546 0.9855 1.0325 1.0008
1.06 0.9977 0.9327 0.9776 1.0480 1.0017
1.08 0.9960 0.9115 0.9691 1.0632 1.0031
1.1 0.9939 0.8909 0.9603 1.0780 1.0049
1.12 0.9915 0.8708 0.9512 1.0923 1.0070
1.14 0.9887 0.8512 0.9417 1.1063 1.0095
1.16 0.9856 0.8322 0.9320 1.1198 1.0124
1.18 0.9823 0.8137 0.9220 1.1330 1.0157
1.2 0.9787 0.7958 0.9118 1.1459 1.0194
1.22 0.9749 0.7783 0.9015 1.1584 1.0235
1.24 0.9709 0.7613 0.8911 1.1705 1.0279
1.26 0.9668 0.7447 0.8805 1.1823 1.0328
1.28 0.9624 0.7287 0.8699 1.1938 1.0380
1.3 0.9580 0.7130 0.8592 1.2050 1.0437
1.32 0.9534 0.6978 0.8484 1.2159 1.0497
1.34 0.9487 0.6830 0.8377 1.2264 1.0561
1.36 0.9440 0.6686 0.8269 1.2367 1.0629
1.38 0.9391 0.6546 0.8161 1.2467 1.0701
1.4 0.9343 0.6410 0.8054 1.2564 1.0777
1.42 0.9293 0.6278 0.7947 1.2659 1.0856
1.44 0.9243 0.6149 0.7840 1.2751 1.0940
1.46 0.9193 0.6024 0.7735 1.2840 1.1028
1.48 0.9143 0.5902 0.7629 1.2927 1.1120
1.5 0.9093 0.5783 0.7525 1.3012 1.1215
1.52 0.9042 0.5668 0.7422 1.3095 1.1315
1.54 0.8992 0.5555 0.7319 1.3175 1.1419
1.56 0.8942 0.5446 0.7217 1.3253 1.1527
1.58 0.8892 0.5339 0.7117 1.3329 1.1640
1.6 0.8842 0.5236 0.7017 1.3403 1.1756
1.62 0.8792 0.5135 0.6919 1.3475 1.1877
1.64 0.8743 0.5036 0.6822 1.3546 1.2002
1.66 0.8694 0.4940 0.6726 1.3614 1.2131
1.68 0.8645 0.4847 0.6631 1.3681 1.2264
786 Appendix B

k 1.4 1.7 0.8597 0.4756 0.6538 1.3746 1.2402
1.72 0.8549 0.4668 0.6445 1.3809 1.2545
1.74 0.8502 0.4581 0.6355 1.3870 1.2692
1.76 0.8455 0.4497 0.6265 1.3931 1.2843
1.78 0.8409 0.4415 0.6176 1.3989 1.2999
1.8 0.8363 0.4335 0.6089 1.4046 1.3159
1.82 0.8317 0.4257 0.6004 1.4102 1.3324
1.84 0.8273 0.4181 0.5919 1.4156 1.3494
1.86 0.8228 0.4107 0.5836 1.4209 1.3669
1.88 0.8185 0.4035 0.5754 1.4261 1.3849
1.9 0.8141 0.3964 0.5673 1.4311 1.4033
1.92 0.8099 0.3895 0.5594 1.4360 1.4222
1.94 0.8057 0.3828 0.5516 1.4408 1.4417
1.96 0.8015 0.3763 0.5439 1.4455 1.4616
1.98 0.7974 0.3699 0.5364 1.4501 1.4821
2.0 0.7934 0.3636 0.5289 1.4545 1.5031
2.02 0.7894 0.3575 0.5216 1.4589 1.5246
2.04 0.7855 0.3516 0.5144 1.4632 1.5467
2.06 0.7816 0.3458 0.5074 1.4673 1.5693
2.08 0.7778 0.3401 0.5004 1.4714 1.5924
2.1 0.7741 0.3345 0.4936 1.4753 1.6162
2.12 0.7704 0.3291 0.4868 1.4792 1.6404
2.14 0.7667 0.3238 0.4802 1.4830 1.6653
2.16 0.7631 0.3186 0.4737 1.4867 1.6908
2.18 0.7596 0.3136 0.4673 1.4903 1.7168
2.2 0.7561 0.3086 0.4611 1.4938 1.7434
2.22 0.7527 0.3038 0.4549 1.4973 1.7707
2.24 0.7493 0.2991 0.4488 1.5007 1.7986
2.26 0.7460 0.2945 0.4428 1.5040 1.8271
2.28 0.7428 0.2899 0.4370 1.5072 1.8562
2.3 0.7395 0.2855 0.4312 1.5104 1.8860
2.32 0.7364 0.2812 0.4256 1.5134 1.9165
2.34 0.7333 0.2769 0.4200 1.5165 1.9476
2.36 0.7302 0.2728 0.4145 1.5194 1.9794
2.38 0.7272 0.2688 0.4091 1.5223 2.0119
2.4 0.7242 0.2648 0.4038 1.5252 2.0451
2.42 0.7213 0.2609 0.3986 1.5279 2.0789
2.44 0.7184 0.2571 0.3935 1.5306 2.1136
2.46 0.7156 0.2534 0.3885 1.5333 2.1489
2.48 0.7128 0.2497 0.3836 1.5359 2.1850
2.5 0.7101 0.2462 0.3787 1.5385 2.2218
2.52 0.7074 0.2427 0.3739 1.5410 2.2594
2.54 0.7047 0.2392 0.3692 1.5434 2.2978
2.56 0.7021 0.2359 0.3646 1.5458 2.3370
2.58 0.6995 0.2326 0.3601 1.5482 2.3770
2.6 0.6970 0.2294 0.3556 1.5505 2.4177
2.62 0.6945 0.2262 0.3512 1.5527 2.4593
2.64 0.6921 0.2231 0.3469 1.5549 2.5018
2.66 0.6896 0.2201 0.3427 1.5571 2.5451
2.68 0.6873 0.2171 0.3385 1.5592 2.5892
2.7 0.6849 0.2142 0.3344 1.5613 2.6343
2.72 0.6826 0.2113 0.3304 1.5634 2.6802
2.74 0.6804 0.2085 0.3264 1.5654 2.7270
2.76 0.6781 0.2058 0.3225 1.5673 2.7748

k 1.4 2.78 0.6761 0.2030 0.3186 1.5693 2.8235
2.8 0.6738 0.2004 0.3149 1.5711 2.8731
2.82 0.6717 0.1978 0.3111 1.5730 2.9237
2.84 0.6696 0.1953 0.3075 1.5748 2.9752
2.86 0.6675 0.1927 0.3039 1.5766 3.0278
2.88 0.6655 0.1903 0.3004 1.5784 3.0813
2.9 0.6635 0.1879 0.2969 1.5801 3.1359
2.92 0.6615 0.1855 0.2934 1.5818 3.1914
2.94 0.6596 0.1832 0.2901 1.5834 3.2481
2.96 0.6577 0.1809 0.2868 1.5851 3.3058
2.98 0.6558 0.1787 0.2835 1.5867 3.3646
3.0 0.6540 0.1765 0.2803 1.5882 3.4245
3.02 0.6522 0.1743 0.2771 1.5898 3.4854
3.04 0.6504 0.1722 0.2740 1.5913 3.5476
3.06 0.6486 0.1701 0.2709 1.5928 3.6108
3.08 0.6469 0.1681 0.2679 1.5942 3.6752
3.1 0.6452 0.1660 0.2650 1.5957 3.7408
3.12 0.6435 0.1641 0.2620 1.5971 3.8076
3.14 0.6418 0.1621 0.2592 1.5985 3.8756
3.16 0.6402 0.1602 0.2563 1.5998 3.9449
3.18 0.6386 0.1583 0.2535 1.6012 4.0154
3.2 0.6370 0.1565 0.2508 1.6025 4.0871
3.22 0.6354 0.1547 0.2481 1.6038 4.1602
3.24 0.6339 0.1529 0.2454 1.6051 4.2345
3.26 0.6324 0.1511 0.2428 1.6063 4.3101
3.28 0.6309 0.1494 0.2402 1.6076 4.3871
3.3 0.6294 0.1477 0.2377 1.6088 4.4655
3.32 0.6280 0.1461 0.2352 1.6100 4.5452
3.34 0.6265 0.1444 0.2327 1.6111 4.6263
3.36 0.6251 0.1428 0.2303 1.6123 4.7089
3.38 0.6237 0.1412 0.2279 1.6134 4.7929
3.4 0.6224 0.1397 0.2255 1.6145 4.8783
3.42 0.6210 0.1381 0.2232 1.6156 4.9652
3.44 0.6197 0.1366 0.2209 1.6167 5.0536
3.46 0.6184 0.1351 0.2186 1.6178 5.1435
3.48 0.6171 0.1337 0.2164 1.6188 5.2350
3.5 0.6158 0.1322 0.2142 1.6198 5.3280
3.52 0.6145 0.1308 0.2120 1.6208 5.4226
3.54 0.6133 0.1294 0.2099 1.6218 5.5188
3.56 0.6121 0.1280 0.2078 1.6228 5.6167
3.58 0.6109 0.1267 0.2057 1.6238 5.7162
3.6 0.6097 0.1254 0.2037 1.6247 5.8173
3.62 0.6085 0.1241 0.2017 1.6257 5.9201
3.64 0.6074 0.1228 0.1997 1.6266 6.0247
3.66 0.6062 0.1215 0.1977 1.6275 6.1310
3.68 0.6051 0.1202 0.1958 1.6284 6.2390
3.7 0.6040 0.1190 0.1939 1.6293 6.3488
3.72 0.6029 0.1178 0.1920 1.6301 6.4605
3.74 0.6018 0.1166 0.1902 1.6310 6.5739
3.76 0.6008 0.1154 0.1884 1.6318 6.6893
3.78 0.5997 0.1143 0.1866 1.6327 6.8065
3.8 0.5987 0.1131 0.1848 1.6335 6.9256
3.82 0.5977 0.1120 0.1830 1.6343 7.0466
3.84 0.5967 0.1109 0.1813 1.6351 7.1696
788 Appendix B

k 1.4 3.86 0.5957 0.1098 0.1796 1.6359 7.2945
3.88 0.5947 0.1087 0.1779 1.6366 7.4215
3.9 0.5937 0.1077 0.1763 1.6374 7.5505
3.92 0.5928 0.1066 0.1746 1.6381 7.6816
3.94 0.5918 0.1056 0.1730 1.6389 7.8147
3.96 0.5909 0.1046 0.1714 1.6396 7.9499
3.98 0.5900 0.1036 0.1699 1.6403 8.0873
4.0 0.5891 0.1026 0.1683 1.6410 8.2269
Table B.5 Prandtl-Meyer

Supersonic Expansion Function for Ma , deg Ma , deg Ma , deg Ma , deg
k 1.4 1.00 0.0
1.05 0.49 3.05 50.71 5.05 77.38 7.05 91.23
1.10 1.34 3.10 51.65 5.10 77.84 7.10 91.49
1.15 2.38 3.15 52.57 5.15 78.29 7.15 91.75
1.20 3.56 3.20 53.47 5.20 78.73 7.20 92.00
1.25 4.83 3.25 54.35 5.25 79.17 7.25 92.24
1.30 6.17 3.30 55.22 5.30 79.60 7.30 92.49
1.35 7.56 3.35 56.07 5.35 80.02 7.35 92.73
1.40 8.99 3.40 56.91 5.40 80.43 7.40 92.97
1.45 10.44 3.45 57.73 5.45 80.84 7.45 93.21
1.50 11.91 3.50 58.53 5.50 81.24 7.50 93.44
1.55 13.38 3.55 59.32 5.55 81.64 7.55 93.67
1.60 14.86 3.60 60.09 5.60 82.03 7.60 93.90
1.65 16.34 3.65 60.85 5.65 82.42 7.65 94.12
1.70 17.81 3.70 61.60 5.70 82.80 7.70 94.34
1.75 19.27 3.75 62.33 5.75 83.17 7.75 94.56
1.80 20.73 3.80 63.04 5.80 83.54 7.80 94.78
1.85 22.16 3.85 63.75 5.85 83.90 7.85 95.00
1.90 23.59 3.90 64.44 5.90 84.26 7.90 95.21
1.95 24.99 3.95 65.12 5.95 84.61 7.95 95.42
2.00 26.38 4.00 65.78 6.00 84.96 8.00 95.62
2.05 27.75 4.05 66.44 6.05 85.30 8.05 95.83
2.10 29.10 4.10 67.08 6.10 85.63 8.10 96.03
2.15 30.43 4.15 67.71 6.15 85.97 8.15 96.23
2.20 31.73 4.20 68.33 6.20 86.29 8.20 96.43
2.25 33.02 4.25 68.94 6.25 86.62 8.25 96.63
2.30 34.28 4.30 69.54 6.30 86.94 8.30 96.82
2.35 35.53 4.35 70.13 6.35 87.25 8.35 97.01
2.40 36.75 4.40 70.71 6.40 87.56 8.40 97.20
2.45 37.95 4.45 71.27 6.45 87.87 8.45 97.39
2.50 39.12 4.50 71.83 6.50 88.17 8.50 97.57
2.55 40.28 4.55 72.38 6.55 88.47 8.55 97.76
2.60 41.41 4.60 72.92 6.60 88.76 8.60 97.94
2.65 42.53 4.65 73.45 6.65 89.05 8.65 98.12
2.70 43.62 4.70 73.97 6.70 89.33 8.70 98.29
2.75 44.69 4.75 74.48 6.75 89.62 8.75 98.47
2.80 45.75 4.80 74.99 6.80 89.90 8.80 98.64
2.85 46.78 4.85 75.48 6.85 90.17 8.85 98.81
2.90 47.79 4.90 75.97 6.90 90.44 8.90 98.98
2.95 48.78 4.95 76.45 6.95 90.71 8.95 99.15
3.00 49.76 5.00 76.92 7.00 90.97 9.00 99.32
4.0
Ma 2
β
β=
Ma1 θ 20°
θ
25
3.0 Weak
Mach line
30 shock
10
θ = 0° 35
Ma 2
5
15
40
2.0 20
45
25
30 50
35
55
60
1.0 65
70 Strong
75 shock
80
Normal shock 90 85
0
Fig. B.1 Mach number downstream 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
of an oblique shock for k 1.4. Ma1
790 Appendix B
80° 70
β = 90 75 65 60 55 50 45
10.0
β
p2
9.0 Ma1, p 1
θ
θ = 30°
40
θ
8.0
Normal shock
7.0
Strong shock 35
6.0 25
p2
p1
5.0 30
20
4.0
25
3.0 15
20
10
2.0
5
Weak shock
1.0
Fig. B.2 Pressure ratio downstream 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
of an oblique shock for k 1.4. Ma1
Appendix C
Conversion Factors
During this period of transition there is a constant need for conversions between BG
and SI units (see Table 1.2). Some additional conversions are given here. Conversion
factors are given inside the front cover.
Length Volume
1 ft 12 in 0.3048 m 1 ft 0.028317 m
3 3
1 mi 5280 ft 1609.344 m 1 U.S. gal 231 in3 0.0037854 m3

1 nautical mile (nmi) 6076 ft 1852 m 1 L 0.001 m3 0.035315 ft3
1 yd 3 ft 0.9144 m 1 U.S. fluid ounce 2.9574 E-5 m3
1 angstrom (Å) 1.0 E-10 m 1 U.S. quart (qt) 9.4635 E-4 m3
Mass Area
1 slug 32.174 lbm 14.594 kg 1 ft 0.092903 m
2 2
1 lbm 0.4536 kg 1 mi2 2.78784 E7 ft2 2.59 E6 m2

1 short ton 2000 lbm 907.185 kg 1 acre 43,560 ft2 4046.9 m2
1 tonne 1000 kg 1 hectare (ha) 10,000 m2
Velocity Acceleration
1 ft/s 0.3048 m/s 1 ft/s 0.3048 m/s2
2
1 mi/h 1.466666 ft/s 0.44704 m/s

1 kn 1 nmi/h 1.6878 ft/s 0.5144 m/s
Mass flow Volume flow

1 slug/s 14.594 kg/s 1 gal/min 0.002228 ft3/s 0.06309 L/s
1 lbm/s 0.4536 kg/s 1 106 gal/day 1.5472 ft3/s 0.04381 m3/s
Pressure Force
1 lbf/ft 47.88 Pa
2
1 lbf 4.448222 N 16 oz
1 lbf/in2 144 lbf/ft2 6895 Pa 1 kgf 2.2046 lbf 9.80665 N
1 atm 2116.2 lbf/ft2 14.696 lbf/in2 1 U.S. (short) ton 2000 lbf
101,325 Pa 1 dyne 1.0 E-5 N
1 inHg (at 20°C) 3375 Pa 1 ounce (avoirdupois) (oz) 0.27801 N
1 bar 1.0 E5 Pa
791
792 Appendix C
Energy Power
1 ft
lbf 1.35582 J 1 hp 550 ft
lbf/s 745.7 W
1 Btu 252 cal 1055.056 J 778.17 ft
lbf 1 ft
lbf/s 1.3558 W
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) 3.6 E6 J
Specific weight Density

1 lbf/ft 157.09 N/m
3 3
1 slug/ft 515.38 kg/m3
3
1 lbm/ft3 16.0185 kg/m3

1 g/cm3 1000 kg/m3
Viscosity Kinematic viscosity

1 slug/(ft
s) 47.88 kg/(m
s) 1 ft /h 0.000025806 m2/s
2
1 poise (P) 1 g/(cm

s) 0.1 kg/(m
s) 1 stokes (St) 1 cm2/s 0.0001 m2/s
Temperature scale readings

TF 95TC 32 TC 59(TF 32) TR TF 459.69 TK TC 273.16
where subscripts F, C, R, and K refer to readings on the Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine scales,
respectively
Specific heat or gas constant* Thermal conductivity*

1 ft
lbf/(slug
°R) 0.16723 N
m/(kg
K) 1 Btu/(h
ft
°R) 1.7307 W/(m
K)
1 Btu/(lb
°R) 4186.8 J/(kg
K)
*Although the absolute (Kelvin) and Celsius temperature scales have different starting points, the intervals are the same
size: 1 kelvin 1 Celsius degree. The same holds true for the nonmetric absolute (Rankine) and Fahrenheit scales: 1
Rankine degree 1 Fahrenheit degree. It is customary to express temperature differences in absolute-temperature units.
Appendix D
Equations of Motion in
Cylindrical Coordinates
The equations of motion of an incompressible newtonian fluid with constant , k, and

cp are given here in cylindrical coordinates (r, , z), which are related to cartesian co-
ordinates (x, y, z) as in Fig. 4.2:
x r cos y r sin z z (D.1)
The velocity components are r, , and z. The equations are:
Continuity:
1 1
(rr) ( ) (z) 0 (D.2)
r r r z
Convective time derivative:
1
V r z (D.3)
r r z
Laplacian operator:
1 1 2 2
r r
2 r 2 2 2
r r z
(D.4)
The r-momentum equation:

1 p 2

1
r (V )r 2 gr 2 r 2r 2 (D.5)
t r r r r
The -momentum equation:
1 p 2

1
(V ) r g 2 2 2 r (D.6)
t r r r r
The z-momentum equation:
1 p
z (V ) z gz 2 z (D.7)
t z
793
794 Appendix D
The energy equation:

T
t
cp (V )T k2T [2(2rr
2
2zz) 2z 2rz 2r ] (D.8)
1
where rr r
r r
r
1
zz z z z (D.9)
z r z
1
rz r z
z r r
r r
r
Viscous stress components:
rr 2rr 2 zz 2zz
(D.10)
r r z z rz rz
Angular-velocity components:
1
r z
r z

r z (D.11)
z r
1 1
z (r ) r
r r r

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Appendix A

3 Air and oxygen

Table A.1 Viscosity and Density of

Suggested curve fits for water in the range 0 T 100°C:

Table A.2 Viscosity and Density of

Suggested curve fits for air:

Table A.3 Properties of Common

Table A.4 Properties of Common

Table A.5 Surface Table A.6 Prop-

Table B.1 (Cont.)

Table B.2 Normal-Shock Relations

Table B.2 (Cont.) Normal-Shock

Table B.2 (Cont.) Normal-Shock

Table B.2 (Cont.) Normal-Shock

Table B.2 (Cont.) Normal-Shock

Table B.3 Adiabatic Frictional

Table B.3 (Cont.) Adiabatic

Table B.3 (Cont.) Adiabatic

Table B.3 (Cont.) Adiabatic

Table B.3 (Cont.) Adiabatic

Table B.4 Frictionless Duct Flow

Table B.4 (Cont.) Frictionless

Table B.4 (Cont.) Frictionless

Table B.4 (Cont.) Frictionless

Table B.4 (Cont.) Frictionless

Table B.5 Prandtl-Meyer

1 mi 5280 ft 1609.344 m 1 U.S. gal 231 in3 0.0037854 m3

1 lbm 0.4536 kg 1 mi2 2.78784 E7 ft2 2.59 E6 m2

1 mi/h 1.466666 ft/s 0.44704 m/s

Mass flow Volume flow

Specific weight Density

1 lbm/ft3 16.0185 kg/m3

Viscosity Kinematic viscosity

1 poise (P) 1 g/(cm

Temperature scale readings

Specific heat or gas constant* Thermal conductivity*

The equations of motion of an incompressible newtonian fluid with constant , k, and

The r-momentum equation:

The energy equation:

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The equations of motion of an incompressible newtonian fluid with constant , k, and