“The land of plenty?

Student’s Name: Bárbara Milla.

Semester: Third Semester.

Professor: Miss Patricia Tapia.

 The land of plenty?

Introduction
In this unit we are going to learn about recycling and about the responsibility to
protect the environment because it will be home for future generations of humans,
we are going to learn too that earth doesn’t belong to us, it is also home for plants,
animals, insects, birds and fishes.

Most of earth’s major environmental problems, such as the holes in the ozone layer,
have been caused by humans and we are only ones able to solve the problems. We
have to start recognizing that our actions can lead to environmental damage.

Education is extremely important. For example, if people learn to recycle their waste,
instead of just throwing it away, we will not have to destroy the countryside. Landfill
sites will not have to be constructed, and factories, which pollute the atmosphere,
will not have to produce so many new products.

The problem is that people are throwing away things that can be recycled or
composted, like plastic, bottles, cans and apple cores. More people need to learn
how to recycle so that there is less waste. Many people still don't care enough to do
anything about this problem. Many people simply don't want to recycle. We need to
get more people involved in recycling to make a big difference - to make our planet a
nice, clean and better place. Everyone needs to take better care of the world and
think about the world's future.

Recycling is important in today’s world if we want to leave this planet for our future
generations. It is good for the environment, since we are making new products from
the old products which are of no use to us. Recycling begins at home. If you are not
throwing away any of your old product and instead utilizing it for something new then
you are actually recycling.

When you think of recycling you should really think about the whole idea; reduce,
reuse and recycle. We’ve been careless up to this point with the way we’ve treated
the Earth and it’s time to change; not just the way we do things but the way we think.

In conclusion, I believe that all of us must do our to be as green and as

environmentally friendly as possible. The whole future of the planet is in our hands.

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 The land of plenty?

Vocabulary Words
1) Disposal: The process of getting rid of something.

2) Countryside: the area outside towns and cities with fields, etc.

3) Environment: The world around us, especially the natural world.

4) Factory: a building where large quantities of things are made with machines.

5) Pollution: chemicals, etc that damage water, air and land.

6) Bin: a container for putting rubbish in.

7) Recycling: The process of turning rubbish into new products.

8) Waste: a more formal and scientific word for rubbish.

9) Bottle bank: a container to put bottles in for recycling.

10) Reduce: to make something smaller.

11) Destroy: To damage something so severely that it can no longer exists.

12) Landfill sites: a large hole in the ground where waste is buried.

13) Town: A place where people live that is larger than a village but smaller than a

city.

14) City: a large important town.

15) Degradable: capable of being descomposed chemically or biologically.

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 The land of plenty?

Phrasal Verbs

1) Break out: an escape, from prison or confinement.

2) Bring out: start selling a new product.

3) Fall out: stop being friends, usually because of a disagreement.

4) Hand out: Distribute, to divide and give out in shares.

5) Look out: Be careful, usually because of a danger.

6) Make out: See clearly.

7) Put out: Extinguish: a fire, a cigarrete, etc.

8) Turn out: Be in the end, have as a result.

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 The land of plenty?

Passive Voice
• We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do
not know who caused the action.

• Example: Appointments are required in such cases.

• We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is
an object in the active sentence.

Tense Active Passive

Present simple • I make a cake. • A cake is made (by me).

Present Continuous • I am making a cake. • A cake is being made (by me).

Past simple • I made a cake. • A cake was made (by me).

Past continuous • I was making a cake. • A cake was being made (by me).

Present perfect • I have made a cake. • A cake has been made (by me).

Pres. perf. continuous • I have been making a cake. • A cake has been being made(by me).

Past perfect • I had made a cake. • A cake had been made (by me).

Future simple • I will make a cake. • A cake will be made (by me).

Future perfect • I will have made a cake. • A cake will have been made (by me).

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 The land of plenty?

Form
Have + object + verb 3 past participle - have something done
Have + object + infinitive - have someone do something

Meaning

1. We use causative when arranging for someone to do something for us.

 They had their car repaired.

They arranged for someone to repair it
 They repaired their car.
They did it themselves
 I had my hair cut yesterday.
I went to the hairdresser
 I cut my hair yesterday.
I cut it myself

2. We use causative when someone does something to us.

 Bill had his money stolen.

3. We can use have someone do something to talk about giving instructions or

orders (more common in American English).

 I had my assistant type the report.

 I'll have my lawyer look into it.

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 The land of plenty?

Grammar Point Exercises.

The passive
1) Find the mistake in each sentence and write the word or phrase correctly.

1. The recycling scheme has introduced last year.

The recycling scheme was introduced last year.

2. The scheme is running by the local council.

The scheme is being run by the local council.

3. It is supported from the government.

It is being supported from the government.

4. Millions of trees in the world’s rainforests have being cut down.

Millions of trees in the world’s rainforests have been cut down.

5. Less than 20% of rubbish will have recycled this year.

Less than 20 % of rubbish will be recycled this year.

2) Put the verbs in brackets into the passive.

Every spring, before the summer season starts, our local beach (1) is cleaned
(clean) by volunteers. All the rubbish (2) is picked up (pick up) and (3) put(put) into
big bags. Later, it (4) is separated (separate) into things that can (5) be recycled
(recycle), like glass and paper, and things that have to (6) be thrown (throw) away.
Last year, ten large bin bags (7) were taken (take) to the local recycling centre. I
always help with the cleaning. The beach (8) has been made (make) safer and
cleaner for all of us and it’s good for the environment if some of the rubbish (9) is
recycled (recycle) too.

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 The land of plenty?

3) Rewrite each sentence in the passive. If there’s a star (*) at the end of the
sentence, don’t use by.

1. They dumped a lot of rubbish into the sea last year. *

A lot of rubbish was dumped into the sea last year.

2.Exhaust fumes from cars pollute the atmosphere.

The atmosphere is polluted by Exhaust fumes from cars.

3.Loud motorbikes annoy many people.

Many people is annoyed by loud motorbikes.

4. They have introduced a new recycling scheme. *

A new recycling scheme has been introduced.

5. Factories are pumping a lot of waste into rivers. *

A lot of waste are being pumped into rivers

6. They’re going to build a new airport here next year.*

A new airport is going to be built here next year.

4 ) Write a word or phrase from the box in each gap to complete the sentences.

1. If you are Green friendly, you care about the environment.

2. If you live in beautiful surroundings, you live in a beautiful place.

3. If you live in a(n) rural environment, you live in the countryside.

4. If you live in a(n) urban environment, you live in a town or a city.

5. If a product is environmentally friendly, it is designed not to damage the

environment.

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 The land of plenty?

6. CFCs are a type of gas which can damage the ozone layer.

Dictionary Corner
1) Complete each sentence using the correct form of the phrasal verbs.

Break out- bring out- fall out- hand out- look out- make out- put out- turn out.

1. I can’t make out what that sign says. Can you read it from here?
2. The forest fire was put out by local firemen.
3. An elephant broke out of the zoo last night.
4. Look out! Don’t stand on that broken glass!
5. Have you two fell out again? You’re always arguing!
6. The new road will turn out to be a disaster for the local environment.
7. Why don’t they bring out a cheap, solar-powered car?
8. I’m going to hand out some leaflets in the town centre.

Grammar point exercises.

The causative

Match to make sentences.

1. We’ve had.
2. Our neighbours get.
3. Kathy’s having.
4. Are you going to have.

a. That wasps’ nest removed?

b. Her car repaired at the moment.
c. Their food delivered by the local supermarket.
d. A solar-powered water heater installed on our roof.

1. We’ve had a solar powered water heater installed on our roof.

2. Our neighbours get their food delivered by the local supermarket.
3. Kathy’s having her car repaired at the moment.
4. Are you going to have that wasps’ nest removed?

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 The land of plenty?

2) Rewrite each sentence in the causative form. If there’s a star (*) at the end of the
sentence, don’t use by.

1. An expert tested their drinking water.

They had their drinking water tested.

2. An electrician checks her smoke alarms once a year.

She has her smoke alarms checked once a year by an alectrician.

3. Someone is redecorating our flat at the moment. *

We are having oour flat redecorated.

4. A vet has examined Megan’s pet tarantula.

Megan has had her pet tarantula examined by a vet.

5. Someone’s going to cut down the tree in my grandparent’s garden.*

My grandparent’s garden is going to have the tree cut down.

Use your English!

Read the quiz and choose the correct answer a, b, c or d to complete it.
How (1) Green are you?
Do this quiz to find out how much you help to protect the environment!
Do you (2) recycle all your used bottles, packets, boxes and paper?
Do you just throw your rubbish in the (3) bin (or on the floor) and not worry about
it?
Do you buy environmentally (4) friendly products, even if they’re a bit more
expensive.
Do you frequently buy (5) disposable razors, cameras, etc.
Do you care about the rainforests being cut (6) down.
Do you think that an urban (7) environment is always better than a (8) rural one.

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 The land of plenty?

Do you think that cars (9) pollute the atmosphere with their exhaust (10) fumes.
Do you thing that the car is the best invention ever?

How to write an essay.

An essay can have many purposes, but the basic structure is the same no matter
what. You may be writing an essay to argue for a particular point of view or to
explain the steps necessary to complete a task.

Either way, your essay will have the same basic format.

If you follow a few simple steps, you will find that the essay almost writes itself. You
will be responsible only for supplying ideas, which are the important part of the
essay anyway.

1. These simple steps will guide you through the essay writing process:
2. Decide on your topic.
3. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas.
4. Write your thesis statement.
5. Write the body.
6. Write the main points.
7. Write the subpoints.
8. Elaborate on the subpoints.
9. Write the introduction.
10. Write the conclusion.
11. Add the finishing touches

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