(Cisco Press) Deploying 2.5G and 3G Technologies and Services in GSM-UMTS and CDMA Networks

Deploying 2.
5G and 3G Technologies
and Services in GSM/UMTS and
CDMA Networks
Session: ACC-2030
ACC-2030
8248_06_2003_X2 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
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Agenda: Deploying IP Services in
Mobile Wireless Networks
• Intro and Overview

• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
ACC-2030
Mobile Wireless
A Strategic Solution Focus for Cisco
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NextGen Data Services
Driving Data Services Demand
SMS Traffic > 1Billion/day Services Offerings –
Major Operators
Worldwide
• Prepay
• Messaging: SMS, IM, MMS, UM, …
• Personalization: ringtones, logos etc.
Europe: 750million/day
• Televoting & Audience Interaction
Italy: 150million/day
• Content: Branded and 3rd party
TIM: 30-60million/day • Who Called?
SMART: 50-100million/day • Where’s my nearest?
AWS: 1million/day
• Gaming: interactive & mobile dependent
Orange: 50 million/day
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Evolution Timeline
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Mobile Architecture
BSC/PCF
Internet
RAN
HA
GW/FA
BSC/PCF
BG Corporate-Y
RAN Access Network Core Network
BSC/PCF
RAN
ISP HA
RAN Voice and Data Core

TDM
Packet
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Major Cellular Standards
2200 Mhz WCDMA
CDMA 2000
1900 MHz EDGE
TDMA 1900
PCS 1900
1800 MHz PCN / DCS 1800 EDGE 3G

evolution
1500 MHz PDC (Japan)
EDGE
GSM
900 MHz NMT, TACS
PDC (Japan)
800 MHz
D-AMPS (IS-54, IS-136)
AMPS IS-95
800 MHz
1985 1990 1995 2000

Analogue standard Time division Code division 3G
technology technology
ACC-2030
North America Generations

Cellular system Year Transmission Multiple Channel Gener-
type access ation
Bandwidth
type
Advanced Mobile 1983 Analog FDMA 800MHz 1st

Phone system
AMPS
Narrow band AMPS 1992 Analog FDMA 800MHz 1st
US Digital Cellular 1991 Digital TDMA 800MHz/ 2nd

Digital AMPS 1900MHz
IS-54 / IS-136
US Narrowband 1993 Digital CDMA 800MHz/ 2nd

Spread Spectrum
1900MHz
IS-95, CDMAone
CDMA-2000 2001 Digital CDMA 1900MHz 3rd
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European Generations
Cellular System Year Transmission Multiple Channel Generation
type Access
technique
Total Access 1985 Analog FDMA 900MHz 1st

CommunicationsE
-TACS
Nordic Mobile 1986 Analog FDMA 450/ 1st

Telephone
900MHz
NMT-900
Global system for 1990 Digital TDMA 900/ 2nd

Mobile GSM
1800MHz
Universal Mobile 2001 Digital CDMA 2000Mhz 3rd

Telecom System
UMTS WCDMA
ACC-2030
Japan Generations
Cellular System Year Transmission Multiple Channel Generation

type Access Bandwidth
technique
J-TACS 1985 Analog FDMA 900MHz 1st
PDC 1986 Digital TDMA 900MHz 2nd
CDMAone 2000 Digital CDMA 900MHz 2nd

(KDDI)
UMTS WCDMA 2001 Digital CDMA 2000MHz 3rd
(NTT Docomo)
Japan added CDMA because of capacity problems with earlier system

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CDMA 2000 vs WCDMA UMTS
Close but not exact
CDMA 2000 W-CDMA UMTS

• Divides 5Mhz into 3 • Spreads across single
carriers of 1.25Mhz 5MHz carrier
• 1.228mcps chip rate • 3.84mcps chip rate
• GPS for Synchronous • Asynchronous
Operation
ACC-2030


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GSM Network Architecture
PSTN
MSC/VLR GMSC
BTS BTS
BTS BSC
IP PDN
BTS
SGSN GGSN
MS BTS BTS
ACC-2030
GPRS Reference Model

SMS-GMSC
SMS-C
SMS-IWMSC
E C
Gd
D
MSC/VLR HLR
Gs Gr
A Gc
Gb PDN
Gb Gn Gi
BSC PCU RXCDR SGSN GGSN Corporate
Internet
Gn Ga
Abis Gb Gp
BTS BTS SGSN CG
GGSN
Other PLMN
Um Signalling and Data Interface
Signalling Interface
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Data Session Setup While Roaming
3.
3. DNS
DNS
Visited Network Request
Request Home Network
abc.gprs xyz.gprs
Permit DNS Cisco Network
4.
4. DNS
DNS request from Registrar DNS Entry
Cisco [VPLMN]
Response
Response xyz.gprs 1.1.1.1 Cisco
CNR CNR
abc.gprs 2.2.2.2
GRX :
5. DNS Response
2. DNS Request ( APN Name: xyz.gprs
( APN Name: IP Address: 1.1.1.1) Cisco Access
xyz.gprs ) Registrar
6. PDP Context Create Request RADIUS Server
H-GGSN
V-SGSN 7. PDP Context Create Response
1.1.1.1
1. Activate PDP
Context Request
• Large number of AAA requests per second

• Triggered DNS updates
XYZ MS
ACC-2030
What Makes WCDMA 3G
• Air Interface: GSM/TDMA --> WCDMA

• BTS --> Node -B
• BSC --> RNC
• MSC (still handling voice in R4)
• Packet voice (VoIP) in R5
MSC decomposition
• GPRS: GTPv0 --> GTPv1.0

GTP-C (UDP 2123)
GTP-U (UDP 2152)
• GTP Messages
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UMTS R99/R4 Model
Where Is IP Used?
Voice Bearer
RANAP over SS7
Broadband MTP Interfaces
Iu-cs GMSC
GMSC
Cu RNS MSC
Uu Iub MSC D H
USIM
USIM MEME Node -B
RNC HLR
HLR AUC
AUC PSTN
ISDN
Iur SMS-
SMS- Internet
GMSC Intranet
RNS GMSC
Cu Gr, Gs, Corporate
USIM Uu Iub Extranet
USIM MEME Node -B RNC Gd, Gf SMS-
SMS-
IWMSC
IWMSC
SGSN
SGSN Gi
UTRAN IP GGSN
GGSN
Gn
Iu-ps
User Access Network Core Network External

Equipment voice/data
ACC-2030 Networks
CDMA-2000 Data Overlay

Radio Access End
Network (RAN) AAA Host
IP
Network
Mobile BTS BSC, PDSN /FA
Station HA
PCF
R-P Interface Pi Interface

A10/A11 MIP/GRE
• Access gateway
Simple IP and mobile
IP IP IP access
IP/ IPsec
PPP
PPP PPP
PPP
Link • Client for AAA server
LAC LAC Layer
MAC MAC
R-P R-P • IP address assignment
Airlink Airlink PL PL PL Simple IP—PDSN (IPCP)
MS RN GRE PDSN Mobile IP—HA to PDSN to MS
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CDMA2000 Data Network Architecture
Zone 2
Zone 3
BSC/PCF
RAN
Internet
AAA HA
HA Corporate-Y
BSC/PCF PDSN/FA BG
ISP HA
BSC/PCF
RAN
Z O N E 1
Cell Site MTSO

ACC-2030
Wireless LANs Taking Off

US$M ü Standard
$5000 Enterprise WLAN End-Use Revenues
• Interoperability
• More choices
$4000
ü Maturity
• High speed
$3000 +70%
• Low cost
$2000 • Robust
+50%
ü High demand
$1000 ü Security
ü Ubiquity
$0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ü Ease of
Deployment
Source: Cahners In-Stat Group, 2001
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Multi-Access Mobility
Local LAN Differentiate services

Tunnel Service
Enterprise Apps
WLAN
Hotspot User Home Network Enterprise
ITP-MAP Data Center
HLR Enterprise ISP

GSM/ Internet
GPRSGGSN Intranet BGW
Client Device HA NAT
User Control Internet

UMTS Service Control
GGSN Billing, CSG/Mind
Open Garden
Mobility and Access

GSM/CSD IPSec Tunnel ( Bouygue)
GW
Single logon
WLAN SIM Auth
ACC-2030
Seemless Mobility Solution
Mobile Mobile IP
Client Infrastructure Macro Mobility
Packet Gateway
GGSN or PDSN
Seamless
Handoff
Enterprise
Home Network
Access
Server FA
Intranet
Internet
Client HA
Seamless
Mobility
FA
AP
A
Client P
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Mobile Coverage
RAN
GGSN
PDSN
WLAN
E-NET Enterprise
Home Network
Internet Intranet
Client
GW
HA
GW
• Key to mobility is MIP (RFC 3344)

• Seamless data handoff between access technologies
*ACC-2030
Beware of MIP over NAT • Client chooses interface based on configurable preferences
MIP Operation
MN Realizes It Has Moved to a new segment with an FA Mobility Binding Table:

MN Registers with the “discovered” FA MN CoA
1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1
1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
FA
FA
10.31.3.1 HA
10.31.2.1
FA
MN
1.1.1.7
10.31.1.1
1.1.1.7
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MIP Operation Cont.
MN Realizes It Has Moved to a Network With a New FA Mobility Binding Table:

MN Registers With this New FA MN CoA
1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.7 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1
1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
MN FA
FA
10.31.3.1 HA
10.31.2.1
FA
MN
1.1.1.7
10.31.1.1
When the MN Moves It Re-Registers via Its New FA

ACC-2030
MIP Operation Cont.

Mobility Binding Table:
MN COA
1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.7 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 – 10.31.2.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1
MN FA 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
FA
10.31.3.1 HA
10.31.2.1
FA New Data Path
MN No change
1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 Old Data Path is propagated to
corresponding
nodes
1.1.1.7
The Movement is Transparent to all other Devices

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Core Network Scalability

Circuit Switched PSTN
Signaling
SS7 Offload
BTS/BSC
1XRTT
PDSN Node-B/RNC
3G RAN & Access
GGSN
Internet SGSN
Data Center
Enterprise IP Core Network
WLAN
HotSpots
SS7 Offload

Signaling
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IP For RAN Transport
Servers CrossConn.
MM w / dual links w / dual links
WAN Gateway T1/E1/OC-x links

OMC-R
36/72xx
OMC-IP Core
Si Switch Si
Si Core
Switch
PDSN 10/100/1000 Ethernet
Transport
Layer
MGX's w /
Agg. Agg. Agg. Route Processor Modules
Aggregation
Router Router Router (RPM)
Layer
T1/E1 links 48 T1/E1 per MGX 8850

Radio
36XX 36XX 36XX 36XX 36XX 36XX
Access
MWR1900 MWR1900 MWR1900 MWR1900 MWR1900 MWR1900
Network
ACC-2030
All IP Network: Evolution with VoIP
Legacy Legacy and VoIP SIP / VoIP

mobile SCM/
MCF DNS
MGC AAA
Sigtran
MGCP (optional)
SIP
RF TDM/RTP
VoIP/RTP
BSC IP Network
MS
Sigtran RP
TDM/RTP
SS7
SGW
RP / A10-11
AGW/ HA MGW
RF PDSN PSTN
BSC
MS
BTS
SIP / VoIP
SIP
packet data
mobile
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MPLS Mechanisms
1a. Existing routing protocols (e.g. OSPF,IS-IS)
establish reachability to destination networks
1b. Label Distribution Protocol
(LDP) summarizes destination
information with labels
4. Edge LSR at
egress
removes label
and delivers
2. Ingress Edge LSR receives
packet
packet, performs Layer 3 3. Label Switch
value-added services, and Routers (ATM switches or
“labels” packets gigabit routers) switch
labeled packets
ACC-2030
Security—Solution
BSC/PCF
Internet
RAN
HA
BSC/PCF GW/FA
AAA HA BG Corporate-Y
BSC/PCF
RAN HA
ISP
Cell Site MTSO Core
• Interconnection security issues—
Access Control Lists on gateway routers to the Internet
Encrypted traffic from operator to corporate sites
• Firewall placement issues—
Solution
Two levels of firewall security—
Web servers, cache engines, mail servers—loose DMZ protection
Content Servers and Database engines—“locked down” protection
• IDS devices + PIX firewalls to detect and prevent Denial of Service attacks
• Subscriber verification and data encryption/key management
Device and subscriber access/verification—AAA functions
IKE support with shared Certificate Authority—Encryption functions
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UMTS R99/R4 Model
Leverage IP Network for SS7oIP
M3UA, HSL, or
Low speed links
Iu-cs GMSC
GMSC
RNS
Iub
MSC
MSC D
Node -B H
RNC HLR
HLR AUC
AUC PSTN
ITP ITP ISDN
Iur SMS-
SMS- Internet
GMSC Intranet
RNS IP GMSC Corporate
Iub Gr, Gs, SMS- Extranet
Node -B RNC Gd, Gf SMS-
ITP ITP IWMSC
IWMSC
SGSN
SGSN Gi
UTRAN GGSN
Gn GGSN
Iu-ps M3UA, HSL, or

Low speed links
External
Access Network Core Network voice/data
Networks
ACC-2030
Signaling Infrastructure: Migration to IP

Lower CAPEX and OPEX – Preserving Fundamental SS7 Network Design
SMSC/HLR/IN STP1_1 STP2_1 MSCs/Softswitch

Signaling TDM Transport Network
Legacy
Access Access
TDM STP1_2 STP2_2 TDM
SMSC/HLR/IN Signaling Over IP, TDM as option MSCs/Softswitch

Signaling GW IP Enabled STP
SS7oIP IP or TDM
Access-Links Access-Links
TDM TDM
SUA or M3UA SUA or M3UA
SCCP/ISUP
MTP3b/MTP3 SUA
M3UA
SSCF-NNI M2PA
MTP2
MTP3b Stack SCCOP SCTP SoIP Stack
HSL SIGTRAN
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AAL5 MTP1 IP
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Services, user provisioning and control
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Service Driven Architecture

Services
Network and Services Management
Web
Unified Email/ Content m Others
Call Location
Comms SMS Hosting Comm. …
Centre
IP
Core
PSTN
IP+Optical IP+ATM IP
Internet
IP, FR,
ATM, etc.
Access
xDSL, Cable, FWA, 3G R99 3G R4/R5

LL, FR/ATM, etc. 2G/2.5G
RAN RAN
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Elements of the Mobile Data Center
• Connectivity
Any access (GPRS, CDMA, CSD, WLAN...)
Any service (Internet, Intranet, IM, FTP...)
Securely (VPN, L2TP, IPSec...)
• Control
Every user is known (single logon, single APN, AAA...)
Every user can be controlled (billing point, service and
content selection...)
• Charging
Charging model alignment with end customer [Time,
Volume, Content]
ACC-2030
Cisco Mobile Exchange

Focus on Three Major Layers
1 Access 2 Control 3 Services

Access Networks Network Manager AggAgg.. Off Net Services
Owners Auth./ Access Control
Service / Content Billing
Billing
Authent. Content Corporate
Provider Intranet
3G
L2TP
GGSN CMX Wireless
GRE Internet
WLAN 802.11 ASP
IPSec
H.A.
MPLS
VPN
IPV4
PDSN
IPV6
CDMA
Streaming Localization
GPRS
Fixed
LRE, Cable etc… On Net Services
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Mobile Internet Edge MIP
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Service Control/Provisioning
Service Selection
Enable Internet
Username
Password
Service access
Selection Service Access
Passthru
SSG
Proxy
Tunnel
Accessing
Corporate
Auto services logon (based on user content
access
configured settings) upon Simple IP or partner
Mobile IP sesion setup networks
ACC-2030
The Mobile Data Center

MIP as the enabling Technology Remote Access VPN
Multi-Mode
Terminal
CDMA1x
& 1xEV-DO
AAA SESM HLR
PDSN Internet
Browsing
ITP
GPRS/
UMTS
GGSN HA
Data Center Service
Router
Multiple Common
AP
• Access •Access Control
Technologies •Service Control
•Billing
AP
Hot Spot
Access
Router
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File Transfert
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Mobile Multi-Services Logical Architecture
AAA
RADIUS
COE590
COE590
CSG
CSM
CSG COE590
CSM
RADIUS Load Load
CSG
GGSN / Load Balancing Balancing COE590
PDSN Load Balancing Service
Content
Balancing Selection
Services Content
Servers
Content
Record Generation Optimization /
For Accounting / Transformation
Billing
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Data Center Logical Design

Portal Content Load VLAN
Access Balancing Partitioning
RADIUS
High-Speed Firewall LDAP
Internet Core SSD
ATM,POS Demilitarized Zone Data Center Content

FR, DPT Server Access Hosts
“DMZ”
SSG
SSG
HLR
VLR Content
Hosts
RAN GW
Access Service
Core Routing Selection Multi-Layer
Distributed Content
GGSN/SSG Switching Servers
Control
ACC-2030
Caching
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Mobile Multi-Services
Service Edge Subscriber Mgr (SESM) : Logical View
Service Edge Users

Subscriber Manager Directory &
LDAP
Personalized Services
Portal! SESM
Company A
IP VPN
PPP/Bridged/Routed
SSG Internet
Subscriber: Admin/Content Provider:

• Account Self-
Self-care • Publish / Manage Services
• Sub account creation/management Walled Garden • Policy administration
• Service self-
self-subscription/Selection • Region Management
Video HTTP Voice
• Per subscriber policy-
policy -based • Content Delivery Management
• Account creation
ACC-2030
Will Customers Pay for Content?

• They will have to
Content Providers can give away content and go bankrupt
• They already are
Users already paying for mobile ring tones, logos and cartoons
• Free content is devalued content
Wall Street Journal refused to offer its content for free on the web
• Wireless resources are not unlimited
Usage must be restricted by pricing strategy
• Depends on presentation
Bottled water has gained market share over free tap water
• Paid content is improved content

Free TV has given way to satellite and digital programming
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Core Network Scalability

Signaling
SS7 Offload
BTS/BSC
1XRTT
PDSN Node-B/RNC
3G RAN & Access
GGSN
Internet SGSN
Data Center
Enterprise IP Core Network
WLAN
HotSpots
SS7 Offload

Signaling
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Glossary of Terms
• AAA— Authentication Authorization • FR—Frame Relay
Accounting • FRTS—Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
• ACL— Access Control List • GGSN—Gateway GPRS Support Node
• API— Application Programming Interface • GRX—GPRS Roaming Exchange
• APN— Access Point Name • Gi—GGSN/PLMN interface to IP network
• ASBR— Autonomous System Boundary • Gn—Intra-xGSN(SGSN/GGSN) interface
Router
• GTP—GPRS Tunneling Protocol
• BGP—Border Gateway Protocol • GTS—General Traffic Shaping
• CBWFQ—Class-based Weighted Fair
• HSRP—Hot Standby Router Protocol
Queuing
• IBGP—Interior Border Gateway Protocol
• CE—Customer Edge
• ICMP—Internet Control Message Protcol
• CG—Charging Gateway
• IDS—Intrusion Detection Sensors
• CoS—Class of Service
• IOS—Internet Operating System
• DiffServ—Differentiated Services
• IP—Internet Protocol
• DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol • IPFR—IP Frame Relay
• DNS—Domain Name Server • IPSec—IP Security
• DMZ—Demilitarized Zone • IPX—International Packet Exchange
• DoS—Denial of Service • ITP—IP Transfer Point
• DPT—Dynamic Packet Transport
• DSCP—DiffServ Code Points
• EBGP—Exterior Border Gateway Protocol
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Glossary of Terms
• L2TP—Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol • SESM—Subscriber Edge Service Manager
• LDAP —Lightweight Directory Access • SSG—Service Selection Gateway
Protocol • SMS—Short Message Service
• LLQ—Low Latency Queueing • SNMP— Simple Network Management
• MN— Mobile Node Protocol
• MPLS— Multi-Protocol Label Switching • TCP— Transmission Control Protocol
• MS— Mobile Station • TDM—Time Division Multiplexing
• NMS—Network Management System • TOD— Time of Day
• OSPF—Open Shortest Path First • ToS— Type of Service
• PDP—Packet Data Protocol • VLAN —Virtual Local Area Network
• PE—Provider Edge • VNO—Virtual Network Operator
• POS—Packet Over Sonet • VoIP—Voice over Internet Protocol (IP)
• PVC—Permanent Virtual Circuit • VPDN—Virtual Private Dial -up Network
• QoS—Quality of Service • VPN—Virtual Private Network
• RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial -In • VTMS— Versatile Traffic Management
User Service System
• SGSN—Serving GPRS Support Node • WAN —Wide Area Network
• S L A—Service Level Agreement • WRED —Weighted Random Early
• SLB—Server Load Balancing Detection
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Important Links
• http://www.3gpp.org/
• http://www.3gpp2.org/
• http://www.gsmworld.com
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireles
s_mobile/gprs.html
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireles
s_mobile/pdsn.html
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/mpls/
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/
• http://www.arin.net/
• http://www.apnic.org/
• http://www.ripe.net/
ACC-2030
Recommended Reading
Wireless Local-Area
Network Fundamentals
ISBN: 1587050773
Available in Sept. 2003
Available on-site at the Cisco Company Store

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Please Complete Your
Evaluation Form
Session XYZ-1234
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(Cisco Press) Deploying 2.5G and 3G Technologies and Services in GSM-UMTS and CDMA Networks

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(Cisco Press) Deploying 2.5G and 3G Technologies and Services in GSM-UMTS and CDMA Networks

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Deploying 2.

• Intro and Overview

SMS Traffic > 1Billion/day Services Offerings –

• Intro and Overview

RAN Voice and Data Core

1800 MHz PCN / DCS 1800 EDGE 3G

1985 1990 1995 2000

North America Generations

Advanced Mobile 1983 Analog FDMA 800MHz 1st

US Digital Cellular 1991 Digital TDMA 800MHz/ 2nd

US Narrowband 1993 Digital CDMA 800MHz/ 2nd

CDMA-2000 2001 Digital CDMA 1900MHz 3rd

Total Access 1985 Analog FDMA 900MHz 1st

Nordic Mobile 1986 Analog FDMA 450/ 1st

Global system for 1990 Digital TDMA 900/ 2nd

Universal Mobile 2001 Digital CDMA 2000Mhz 3rd

Cellular System Year Transmission Multiple Channel Generation

PDC 1986 Digital TDMA 900MHz 2nd

CDMAone 2000 Digital CDMA 900MHz 2nd

Japan added CDMA because of capacity problems with earlier system

CDMA 2000 W-CDMA UMTS

Agenda: Deploying IP Services in

• Intro and Overview

GPRS Reference Model

• Large number of AAA requests per second

What Makes WCDMA 3G

• Air Interface: GSM/TDMA --> WCDMA

• GPRS: GTPv0 --> GTPv1.0

User Access Network Core Network External

CDMA-2000 Data Overlay

R-P Interface Pi Interface

Cell Site MTSO

Wireless LANs Taking Off

Local LAN Differentiate services

ITP-MAP Data Center

HLR Enterprise ISP

User Control Internet

Mobility and Access

Seemless Mobility Solution

• Key to mobility is MIP (RFC 3344)

MN Realizes It Has Moved to a new segment with an FA Mobility Binding Table:

MN Realizes It Has Moved to a Network With a New FA Mobility Binding Table:

When the MN Moves It Re-Registers via Its New FA

MIP Operation Cont.

The Movement is Transparent to all other Devices

• Intro and Overview

Core Network Scalability

Enterprise IP Core Network

Circuit Switched PSTN

WAN Gateway T1/E1/OC-x links

T1/E1 links 48 T1/E1 per MGX 8850

All IP Network: Evolution with VoIP

Legacy Legacy and VoIP SIP / VoIP

Iu-ps M3UA, HSL, or

Signaling Infrastructure: Migration to IP

SMSC/HLR/IN STP1_1 STP2_1 MSCs/Softswitch

SMSC/HLR/IN Signaling Over IP, TDM as option MSCs/Softswitch

• Intro and Overview

Service Driven Architecture

xDSL, Cable, FWA, 3G R99 3G R4/R5

Cisco Mobile Exchange

1 Access 2 Control 3 Services