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Utility Air Compressor

Energy Saving

Nov. 2016

Azbil Corporation

Copyright © Azbil Corporation All Rights Reserved.


Table of Contents

1. Point of Air/Energy Saving 3. Air control by demand


Point of Air /Energy Saving Air control by demand
Action of Air/Energy Saving Use point Pressure Control
Stable and minimize the supply pressure
Air control : Case example
Pressure Transmitter
Control Valve
2. Reduce air consumption Controller
Reduce air consumption
Feasibility : Use point pressure control
Flow monitoring
Flow meter
Leakage : Detector
Feasibility : Finding air leak and repairing 4. Compressor optimization control
Header Pressure Control
Concept of Header Pressure Control
Compressor Group Control
Compressor Integration / Schedule Control
Feasibility : Air compressor group control

5. Solution Menu

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1. Point of Air/Energy Saving
◆ Improve the physical unit of product
(Information management)
• Know the amount used by unit.
◆ Reduce the air cost • Trend management of the amount used.
(Compressor integration • Cost base management
control)
• Management the unit of air Compressor
•Reduce unloaded operation time
•Stop the stand-by compressor
•Reduce the header pressure ◆ Reduce air consumption
(Air supply control )
•Reduce the warming-up time
•Reduce the air leakage

•Air control by demand
•Schedule control

Air Compressor

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1-1. Action of Air/Energy Saving
◆ Improve the physical unit of product
(Information management)
• Know the amount used by unit.
• Trend management of the amount used.
• Cost base management
• Management the unit of air Compressor
◆ Reduce the air cost
(Compressor integration
control)
c. Air compressor
group control
◆ Reduce air consumption
(Air supply control )
1 Header pressure b. Use point min.
pressure control


pressure
Flow meter Control Valve
4 a. Air leak
detection Line Flow meter

Air Compressor
Air leakage detector
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2. Reduce air consumption

◆ Leakage : problem
When factory operations are stopped, the remaining flow is leakage, which of
course also occurs during factory operations.
Making the amount of leakage visible encourages detection and repair of leaks.
Use of a leak detector is also effective.

Leakage does not contribute to production activity at all, and continues 365
days a year irrespective of air consumption, as long as pressure is supplied.

The reasons of large over looked leakage:

•Air pressure is so high (0.6 to 0.7 MPa)


Leakage
•Possible leak points are in various locations

•Even if a leak flow is detected, the leak point can be difficult to find.
Flow

Demand

Time

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2-1. Air flow monitoring
Compressor group control

pressure
measurement
control

Receiver tank
Compressors Monitoring for each
Monitoring in piece of equipment
each building Leak monitoring

Cost allocation to each division

Factory pipeline network

Daily air flow trend (mass flow)


Surge flow into piping that is empty due to the leakage

2 compressors in operation in Air leakage (at factory stopped):


spite of low demand Approx. 50 m3/h (normal)
37 kW compressor
Flow [m3/h
(normal)]

capacity
(instantane (instantane
compresso compresso
r capacity r capacity
Two-

Start Break Lunch Break Finish


ous)

Instantaneous flow
One-

ous)

Sample case
flow trend

Time
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2-1-1. Flow meter: Insertion type Vortex Flow Meter “AX23xx”
★ Flowmeters for root pipe

Flow [m3/h (normal)]


0 100 1000 10000
AX23xx series 50A At 0.7 MPa
AX23xx

1800A

Turndown ratio of 30:1, most suitable for compressor discharge air


measuring.

Pressure/Temperature sensors are optional components, both volumetric


and mass flow measurement is available.

Insertion sensor is removable while operation. Maintenance


bypass piping is not necessary.

Can be used in different piping size from 50~1800A in one sensor. It is


possible for spare parts minimization.

Available regardless of air quality (moisture, oil or dust).

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2-1-1. Flow meter: Insertion type Vortex Flow Meter “AX23xx”

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2-1-2. Flow meter: Thermal Vortex Flow Meter “MVF”
★ Flowmeters for root pipe

Flow [m3/h (normal)]


0 18 125 1706 3765 5799 12479
MVF series MVF050
At 0.7 MPa
MVF080
MVF100
MVF150

Turndown ratio of 100:1, suitable for light administration of large flow.

There is no problem even if the measured flow range is unknown. Select


the model with the same pipe size as that of the installed air pipe.

Flowmeters in the MVF series have higher dust resistance than those in
the CML series. Install a dedicated filter for air containing moisture or oil. Flow channel

Gas flow

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2-1-3. Flow meter : AIRcube Differential pressure Flow Meter “MVC”
★ Flowmeters for root pipe

Flow [m3/h (normal)]


0 35 280 1200 2000 2700 4500 10000
AIR cube MVC10*050
MVC10*065 At 0.7 MPa
MVC10*080
MVC10*100
MVC10*150

Turndown ratio of 35:1, suitable for light administration of large flow.

There is no problem even if the measured flow range is unknown.


Select the model with the same pipe size as that of the installed air
pipe.

Available regardless of air quality (moisture, oil or dust).

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2-1-4. Flow meter: Mass Flow Meter “CML”
★ Flowmeters for root pipe
Flow [m3/h (normal)]

01 160 400 650 1600


CML series CML050
CML080
CML100
CML150

Wide turndown ratio of 1280:1, and high accuracy of ±2 %


rdg. (max. to 1/20 max) or ±3 % (1/20 to 1/160 max), covering the
range from maximum flow to leakage.

The pipe size depends on the flow measurement range. A model with
a larger pipe size than that of the installed air pipe may be suitable.

Install a dedicated filter if air contains moisture, oil or dust.

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2-1-5. Flow monitoring : Floor/Division/Equipment-Based

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2-1-6. Flow meter : Small-volume Mass Flow Meter “MCF”

★ Flowmeters for Floor/Division/Equipment-Based Measurement

Flow [L/min (normal)]


0 200 500 3000 6000 12000

MCF series MCF008

MCF015

MCF025

MCF040

MCF050

Uutilitarian 50:1 turndown ratio, suitable for ddivision or equipment-based monitoring.

Cost management with cost conversion indication.

Low-cost model keeps startup costs low.

Install a dedicated filter for air containing moisture, oil, or dust.

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2-1-7. Air flow meter comparison
For compressor discharge and main header
Type Differntial pressure Ultrasonic Voltex Ultrasonic
Flange JIS 10K,
Process connection Flange JIS 10K Clamp on Flange JIS 10K
ANSI150#

Propagation time
Theory Bernoulli Propagation time difference Karman vortex
difference
Maker Azbil GE Measurement & Control Azbil VolTek Aichi tokei denki
Model MVC10A PT868 AX2222 TRZ1500-C/4P
Pipe size 50,65,80,100,150mm ○ 20 ~ 600mm ○ 15 ~ 200mm ○ 25 ~ 200mm ○
Enclosure IP54 ○ IP66 ○ IP66/ NEMA4X ○ IP64 ○
Power supply 90~250 VAC ○ 200~240 VAC ○ 85~240 VAC ○ 24VDC △
Operating room temp. -15~50 degC ○ -10~55 degC ○ -40~60 degC ○
Operating room humidity 5~95%RH ○ ○ 0~98%RH ○
Air temp. -15~70 degC ○ -40~130 degC ○ -50~260 degC ○ -10~60 degC ○
Air pressure 0.5 ~ 9.8 bar ○ 5.1 ~ 68bar ○ 0 ~ 20bar ○ 0 ~ 10bar ○
Out put signal 4~20mA ○ 4~20mA ○ 4~20mA ○ 4~20mA ○
Pulse out put 1m3/pulse ○ 1m3/pulse ○ 1m3/pulse ○ 1m3/pulse ○
Mass flow measuring ○ ○ Option ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Volume flow display ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Mass flow display ○ ○ Option ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Totalized flow display ○ ○ Option ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Quick response for flow fluctuation ○ ○ △ △ ○ ○ △ △
Accuracy ±3% reading △ ±2 ~ 5% reading △ ±1.5% reading ○ ±2% reading ○
Pressure drop 0.17bar × 0 bar ○ 0.02 bar ○ 0 bar ○
Straight pipe lengs 0.5 ~ 4 D ○ 20D / 10D ○ 10D / 5D ○ 10D / 5D ○
Range ability 1:20 △ 1:60 ○ 1:40 ○ 1:50 ○
Site installation Supervisor Easy, SV Not required ○ SV mandatory × Easy, SV Not required ○ SV mandatory ×
Technical Evaluation

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2-2. Leakage : Detector

By portable ultrasonic wave acoustic sensor with parabolic hood


Operator panel indicate bar graph , numerical value , signal level & head phone
Data storage 500 point and can transfer to PC though serial communication

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2-2-1. Leakage : Detector case example

Case1: Automobile factory in S.E.A.


No. of Daily Annual Annual
Ave. Equiv. Hrs of Operation
Factory Area Leak Loss Loss Loss
Diameter kw/Diam per Day
Points (kwh) (kwh) (MYR)
1. Compressor 33 2 1.5 16 792 218,592 65,578
2. Shop A 15 5 9.85 16 2,364 652,464 195,739
3. Shop B 24 3 3.36 16 1,290 356,106 106,832
4. Assembly Shop 15 2 1.5 16 360 99,360 29,808
5. Assembly Shop 12 2 1.5 16 288 79,488 23,846
6. Quality Inspection 11 2 1.5 16 264 72,864 21,859
Total Point : 110 5,358 1,478,874 443,662

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2-2-2. Leakage : detector case example
Case2: Electric Device factory in Japan
M easu rem 't S en sitivity Air An n u al An n u al
Id en tified P o in t D istan ce L evel L eak L o ss L o ss
(m ) (N m 3/h ) (Nm 3/Y ear) (M Y R )
1 C oupler 2.0 6 0.7 5,880 676
2 C oupler 4.0 5 0.6 5,040 580
3 T -joint 0.3 6 0.7 5,880 676
4 S top V alv e 3.0 6 0.5 4,200 483
5 A ir T ube 1.0 1 1.4 11,760 1,352
6 M aintenance H atch 2.0 1 1.8 15,120 1,739

1 2 3

4 5 6

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2-3. Feasibility : Finding air leak and repairing

1. Summary 4.Item required

To detect leakage part of compressed air flow. 1) Main header air flow meter (Variations are;)
The following methodologies are applied for air leakage detections. - Model: MVF, vortex air flow meter
- or Model: CML, mass flow air flow meter
- Check the transient pressure drop after the stop of production. - or Model: Aircube, Venturi air flow meter
- Check the flow meter reading.
- Bubble leak testing. 2) Branch pipe air flow meter (Variations are;)
- Listening for noise of air leakage. - Model: MVF, vortex air flow meter
- or Model: CML, mass flow air flow meter
- or Model: Aircube, Venturi air flow meter
- or Model: CMS, mass flow air flow meter
- or Model: MCF, mass flow air flow meter

2. Expected energy save

Generally the amount of the air leakage is assumed to be about 20%. Leak detector
If in case for the reduction of half the amount of air leakage,
10% of the air consumption can be reduced.
(Example)
Production hr.(260days, 20hours):3000Nm3/H 2700Nm3/H Branch Air flow
Idle hr.(100days, 10hours): 500Nm3/H 450Nm3/H
Air unit cost : 0.01 US$ / Nm3 Main Header pressure
Cost save 16,100 US$ / year End point pressure
Shop


3. R.O.I (sample) Main Air flow


Shop

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3. Air control by demand

◆ Pressure : Stable and minimize the supply pressure

By applying the air use point pressure control, it is possible to improve the energy
consumption at Factory.

To regulate and minimize the supply pressure sent to branch pipe while keeping
the pressure needed in use point.

Both leakage air and blow air could be decreased by regulate and minimized
supply pressure.

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3-1. Use point Pressure Control: Case1
By applying the air use point pressure control, it is possible to improve the energy consumption both at Factory
A and B.

<Before>
Air energy-saving Pressure:
1 control system 790kpa Condition:
Pressure:840kpa Required
Factory A
Header pressure pressure at
factory B is less
than factory A,
but air is supplied
3 Pressure: in same pressure
790kpa at present.
Header Factory B

<After> Pressure:790kpa
Air energy-saving Factory A can
control system Pressure:840kpa
1 reduce the
Header pressure Factory A pressure during
no operation.
Use point pressure

Pressure:690kpa

Factory B can
Header save energy by
Factory B reducing 100kpa.

Use point pressure

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3-2. Use point Pressure Control : Case2
In case that the air pipes are connected between factories, air supply pressure reducing
control can not be applied. However, by using the use point pressure value into the
air/energy saving control system, it is possible to reduce the load of compressors by
lowering the header pressure.
If transmitters are installed near the end of air pipes (before the air consumption device),
the minimum required pressure can be known by monitoring transmitters.

When the air consumption is low, around 3% of energy-saving is possible by


changing the header pressure value when the load is low.

Air/energy saving Normal load:840kpa(⊿P=50KPA)


control system Low load:810kpa(⊿P=20KPA)
Pressure:790kpa
INV 1
Header pressure Factory A
Use point pressure

3 Pressure:790kpa
Header
Factory B

Use point pressure

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3-3. Use point Pressure Control : Case3
If the compressor has no inverter and there is significant pressure fluctuation, it is
possible to restrain the fluctuation and lower the setting pressure by applying pressure
reducing control.
If several pressure transmitters are installed, the lowest pressure shall be used as the
value of pressure reducing control.
Note) A pressure transmitter can be installed near the control valve, however, it is better several transmitters to be
installed at the nearest point from the air consumption device. By using this pressure value in control, the load of
compressors may be reduced.

Quantity control

Pressure Transmitter

Pressure Transmitter Factory A
Use point pressure
Control valve

Pressure Transmitter

Header
Factory B
Use point pressure

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3-4. Stable and minimize the supply pressure
Pressure before installation
3% of energy-saving can be expected
by reducing the pressure fluctuation :860kpa (Fluctuation range:60kpa)
and lowering the pressure setting to Pressure after installation
50kpa. :810kpa (Fluctuation range :10kpa)

Air-supply Air-supply
pressure pressure
(kpa)送気圧力 Receiver tank
送気圧力
(kpa) (kpa)(kpa)
pressure
レシーバタンク圧力
(kpa)
(kpa)
Improvement
Average
平均送気圧力
(kpa)
(kpa)

改善幅
レシーバタンク圧力
Receiver tank pressure (kpa)
(kpa)
改善後 Target
目標圧力
(kpa)
value
Minimum
最低必要圧力 最低必要圧力
require- Minimum
(kpa) (kpa)
ment require-
ment

現状圧力推移(予測) 改善後圧力推移
Pressure change Pressure change

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3-5. Air control : Case example

Compare data of Elec.-Power, Air Flow and Air Pressure, what we could know?

Before Control After Control


MPa Nm3/h KW/h MPa
Nm3/h KW/h
10000 9000 0.
0.6 Power
1000 Power 900 6

8000 800 Head


Head 0.5 Press 0.
8500 850 Press. 5
Air Flow Air Flow

7500 750 0.4 6500 650 0.


8:00 12:00 0:00 8:00 12:00 0:00 4

Lower Air Demand Proportionally Lower


Lower Air Demand Power Consumption and Header Pressure
Increase Power Consumption !!
Save 0.15M USD / yr

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3-6-1. Pressure Transmitter: model “GTX” , “SPS300”

★ Pressure Transmitter for outdoor & heavy duty use

Realized the world’s best standard of performance

High accuracy ± 0.04%F.S.


GTX
Long-term stability ± 0.1% for 10years

Response time: Within 100msec

Realized 200 to 1 High turn-down ratio

★ Pressure Transmitter for indoor & low cost

Realized the best cost performance SPS300


Accuracy ± 0.25%F.S. @ 0~50degC

Response time: Within 100msec

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3-6-2. Control Valve : model “VFR”
★ The unique winged plug contribute to the air pressure stability.

Large Capacity
VFR
Wide Range Ability ( 100 : 1 ) Model: VFR

Compact & Light Weight Size: 1 inch to 12inch

Excellent Shut-off Performance Rated Pressure:

Suitable for Dirty & Gummy Service ANSI 150 to 300 Lb

Stabilizer

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3-6-3. Controller : model “SDC” , “Harmonas-FLEX” , “ Savic-net FX ”
★ Single loop PID controller
SDC
Realized the world’s best standard of performance

★ Graphical touch screen operation

Realized the best flexibility and expandability


Harmonas-FLEX
Regulatory control and sequence control

Can expand large scaled DCS system

Act as a DCS controller

★ Facility Monitoring System

Building Management and facility monitoring

Temp., Humidity, Power consumption, Energy,


Flow rate, Status

Can expand large scaled BMS system

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3-7. Feasibility : Use point min. pressure control
1.Summary 4.Item required
1) Branch pipe end point pressure transmitter
To regulate and minimize the former pressure sent to branch pipe - Model: GTX
while keeping the pressure needed in use point.
Both leakage air and blow air could be decreased by regulate and 2) Branch pipe air regulating valve (Control valve)
minimized former pressure. Total air consumption reduced accordingly. - Model: VFR
During the non-production hour such as holiday’s maintenance period,
former pressure can be set lower than the production hour, 3) PID controller
the more energy-saving can be expected than production hour. - Model: SDC single loop controller
- or Model: Harmonas-FLEX controller

2. Expected energy save


Air consumption could be reduced under following assumed condition.
- Production hour (260days, 20hours):1500Nm3/H,
Air pressure regulation 600kpa 500kpa @ 100A pipe
Expected reduction 10~13%
- Non production hour (100days, 10hours):300Nm3/H,
Air pressure regulation 600kpa 300kpa @ 100A pipe
Expected reduction 40%
- Air unit cost : 0.01 US$ / Nm3
Cost save 10,500 US$ / year
600 kpa
Main Header pressure
End point pressure
Shop
500kpa
3. R.O.I (sample)


600kpa
Shop

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4. Compressor optimization control

◆ Reduce the air cost

Header Pressure Control


Sstabilize the pressure with continuous control
Lower the header pressure

Group Control of the Compressor


Reduce the unloaded operation time
Stop the stand-by compressor

Compressor Integration Schedule Control


Set the target value of the header pressure and quantity of compressor according to
the factory’s operation status.
Deal with the rapid load change when launching the factory operation

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4-1. Header Pressure Control

Stabilize & lower the header pressure


Stabilize the header pressure by replacing ON-OFF control by PID
control.
Improve the physical unit of air by reducing the header pressure.

Air supply Air-supply


pressure pressure
送気圧力 送気圧力
(kpa) (kpa)
(kpa) (kpa)
Receiver tank pressure
レシーバタンク圧力
(kpa)
(kpa)
Improvement
平均送気圧力
Average
(kpa)

改善幅
レシーバタンク圧力
Receiver tank pressure (kpa)
(kpa)
Target
目標圧力
改善後 value(kpa)
Minimum
require-
最低必要圧力 最低必要圧力
ment (kpa) Minimum
(kpa)
require-
ment

現状圧力推移(予測)
Pressure shift at present 改善後圧力推移
Pressure shift
(predicted)

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4-1-1. Concept of Header Pressure Control
Under PID operation, quantity of the compressor is calculated by outputting
integrated value of the setting value and deviation of the pressure. Therefore,
the pressure is stabilized and setting value of the pressure can be lowered.
<ON-OFF Control> <PID Control>
Pressure Pressure

Maximum

Setting value Setting value

Minimum

Time Time
Control pressure


PID Pressure

Pressure Quantity 2

Quantity
Quantity 1 control
control 1 calculation
calculation

Quantity Quantity Time

2 2

Time Time

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4-1-2. Compressor Group Control
To operate the minimum quantity of the compressors by predicting the
compressor load from the PID control output based on header pressure as a master
signal.
Base unit “Stop”, “Start ( load 0%,/100%)”
Set the priorities of each compressor’s operation.
Control the quantity regardless of the maker or capacity of
compressor.

In case of load-up
1. (No.1 100% <Air consumption)- Start up No.2. Compensate for deficiency
Example : with No.1
Compressor No.1 : 15kW with inverter 2. ((No. 2 + No.1 100%)<Air consumption)- Start up No.3, and stop No.2.
No.2 : 11kW Compensate for deficiency with No.1
No.3 : 22kW
No.4 : 22kW In case of load-down
No.5 : 37kW 3. ((No.2 +No.1 100%)> Air consumption )- Stop No.3 , No1 100%
4. ( No.1 100% >Air consumption)- Stop No.2
Load demand

15kW
No. 1
(with inverter) 15kW
22kW
15kW
11kW

No.2 No. 3 ( or No. 4) No. 2

1 2 Start up compressor 3 4 Individual performance

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4-1-3. Compressor Integration / Schedule Control
To achieve the optimum energy-saving control by adjusting the setting value of header pressure
automatically following a change in demand depending on period of time.

At the same time, to set the minimum required quantity of the compressor and duration time of
unloaded operation automatically. It allows the smooth pressure supply in the time of rapid change
of load demand when starting up
- In low pressure during break time
- When stopping air-supply during night time, holidays
- When restart the operation
Minimum quantity
Duration time of unloaded operation
Header pressure setting value

Quantity PID
control



3
4
Header

Meticulous approach against the energy-


saving based on the factory
operation/compressor load is possible.
To each air/gas system
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4-1-4. Compressor type
Type Screw Turbo Reciprocating

Twin screw positive Centrifugal Reciprocating


displacement

Theory

Capacity small ~ 300 kW 200 ` 700 kW


Oil Free ○ ○ × ×
Efficiency 9~11 Nm3/kW
Inverter for Variavle flow rate control ○ ○ None × None ×
Group control Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes ○
Load / Un load Yes ○ Yes ○ Yes ○
VSD flow control
Large size big capacity
Advantegious Small space
'constant rate of load
Small noize
Better use for Absorb load fluctuation Base load operation

Technical Evaluation

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4-1-5. Efficacy of screw inverter compressor

Screw inverter compressor to eliminates the energy loss by zeroing the blow-off
and un-load adjusted by the variable drive flow rate control.

Variable speed
Air flow control

Air compressor
group control

Time

Turbo compressor is much efficient when use constant speed, constant flow rate
operation.
On the other hand, the air volume adjusting function in response to changes in the
flow rate demand is very limited.

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4-1-5. Function comparison of flow rate control

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4-2. Feasibility : Air compressor group control
1.Summary 4.Item required
1) Main header pressure transmitter
It is effective for the reduction of the electric energy consumption to shorten
the time of a unload of the compressor. - Model: GTX
This function to control a number of compressor running and stand-by number.
And, the PID control meanwhile contained, and it contributes the stability of 2) Group controller
the supply air header pressure. - Model: Harmonas-FLEX controller
A set value of pressure can be at least lowered because it becomes a stable
state because of the PID pressure control.
Any type of compressor such as screw type, turbo type and reciprocating type
can be applied.
In addition to the above, preventive maintenance function is provided.
(Running hour, Start-stop counter, Air pressure trend graph, etc.)

2. Expected energy save


Air consumption could be reduced under following assumed condition.
- 150kw compressor x total 5
- Production hour (260days, 20hours):4 running
- Non production hour (100days, 10hours): 1running
- Electric power unit cost : 0.1 US$ / Kwh
- Expected reduction 10%
Shop

3. R.O.I (sample)
Main Header pressure

Shop

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5. Summary
Improve air unit cost
(Air supply side) Improve air consumption (Air demand side)
Countermeasure: Countermeasure:
Countermeasure:
Use point Leak finding & stop
Air compressor
pressure control
group control

Countermeasure:
Variable speed air
pressure control
Pressure
Screw Inverter transmitter
compressor

Pressure
control
valve Factory

Air flow Header pressure


meters transmitter

Factory

<Saving>
5~15% improve of air unit cost
Compressors
5~15% improve of air consumption
☆ Total 10~30% improve

Azbil Corporation Page 38


Thank You !

Azbil Corporation Page 39

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