Beet Root

Experiment:
1. control of temperature with a thermostatic waterbath/ eq;
2. range of at least 5 concentrations of detergent;
3. description of how to obtain quantitative results;
4. suitable named source of membranes;
5. preparation of beetroot cubes/eq;
6. {same/stated} time for exposure to each concentration ;
7. repeats (at each concentration) and calculate a mean ;
Variables:
1. age of beetroot / eq ;
2. {species /variety} of beetroot / eq ;
3. pH of solution ;
4. {size/mass} of beetroot ;
5. temperature ;
6. time of incubation ;
7. {type / source / variety / eq} of beetroot used;
8. volume of water used / eq ;

Antibiotics
Experiment:
1. prepare suitable (nutrient) agar / pour molten agar into a Petri dish / eq ;
2. inoculation of plate with bacteria e.g. transfer a (measured volume of) a
bacteria culture to the agar and mix / eq ;
3. place antibiotic discs onto agar (containing the bacteria) / eq ;
4. ref to aseptic technique e.g. use sterile forceps to transfer discs to plate / eq ;
5. incubate plates ;
6. reference to detail of incubation e.g. suitable time / temperature / inversion
of plates during incubation / fixing lid with tape eq ;
7. measure diameter of clear zone around disc / eq;
8. compare sizes of clear zone / eq;
9. reference to a suitable control e.g. paper disc soaked in water / eq ;
10. using a named bacterium ; (E. Coli)
Variables:
1. temperature ;
2. antibiotic concentration ;
3. incubation time ;
4. O2 concentration / gas atmosphere of incubator / eq ;
5. { type / pH / composition/ nutrients } of { agar / medium } / eq ;
6. { batch / strain / volume } of bacteria / eq ;
7. method of applying antibiotics (soaking same sized paper discs in antibiotic /
same volume of antibiotic in wells of same size) / eq ;
8. aerobic or anaerobic conditions / eq ;
9. {size / spacing / eq} of antibiotic discs /eq
Temperature Effect on brine shrimp/ Seedlings:
Experiment:
1. suitable dependent variable identified e.g. number germinated, number
hatched, growth ;
2. suitable method for measuring dependent variable e.g. reference to
identification of germination, shrimps moving in water, growth measurement
described ;
3. time stated for length of time allowed for development / eq ;
4. method stated for how to keep the temperature constant during the
experiment ;
5. suitable range of temperatures selected ;
6. reference to repeats ;
7. indication of some rationale behind selection of organisms {seeds /seedlings
/ eggs} e.g. undamaged seeds, age of seeds, seedlings or eggs ;
Variables:
1. age / storage / eq ;
2. genetic type / source / eq ;
3. light {intensity/ wavelength / eq} ;
4. photoperiod / eq ;
5. density of planting / number of eggs {added / used} (in a stated volume) / eq
;
6. soil {type/ mass/ volume} / eq ;
7. wind {speed / exposure / eq} ;
8. humidity / eq ;
9. pH ;
10. water {frequency / volume / eq} ;
11. minerals / nutrients / salt {concentration / type / eq} ;
12. {oxygen / carbon dioxide} concentration
13. covering eggs / arrangement of eggs

Respirometer
Experiment:
1. suitable range of temperatures suggested ;
2. suitable dependent variable identified e.g. oxygen consumption ;
3. suitable method for measuring dependent variable e.g. (rate of) movement of
ink in (respirometer) tube ;
4. idea of time measurement to obtain rate e.g. time to move a set distance ;
5. idea of calculation of rate (volume/ time);
6. description of how temperature will be controlled for each measurement e.g.
thermostatically controlled water bath, water bath set at a temperature ;
7. recognition of need to absorb the carbon dioxide produced /eq ;
8. specific detail of how to set up {respirometer / seeds / apparatus} provided ;
9. idea of replicates at each temperature ;
10. indication of thought behind selection of seeds e.g. age, same plant ;
11. some consideration of need for equilibration / compensation for pressure
changes/ eq ;
12. suitable control described ;
Variables:
1. oxygen concentration / eq ;
2. {mass / number / source/ type / genetic composition / age / eq} of seeds ;
3. humidity / moisture / eq ;
4. light exposure / wavelength / eq ;
5. air pressure / eq ;
6. pre-treatment of seeds ;
7. pH ;
8. reference to equilibration e.g. time left before measuring ;

Sampling (weed killer)

Experiment:
1. suitable dependent variable identified e.g. percentage cover of weeds ;
2. reference to method for measuring dependent variable e.g. use of a quadrat
grid to estimate percentage cover ;
3. description of method for distribution of random {quadrats / samples} eq ;
4. description of calculation needed to obtain dependent variable e.g. number
of squares out of 100 containing weeds ;
5. reference to weedkiller is independent variable
6. description of method of application of weedkiller to {field / plot / quadrats /
eq} ;
7. reference to control with {no / old / eq} weedkiller ;
8. reference to measuring cereals as well as weeds ;
9. idea of measuring {cereals / weeds} in field before treatment / eq ;
Variables:
1. soil {type / pH /organic content / minerals / eq} ;
2. water content of soil {humidity / eq} ;
3. temperature ;
4. wind speed / eq ;
5. light intensity / eq ;
6. topography / eq
 Vitamin C:
Experiment:
1. ref. to at least two specific different storage temperatures ;
2. description of method of extraction of fruit juice (from each variety) ;
3. same or stated mass of fruit ;
4. use of { same /known/ stated } concentration of DCPIP ;
5. ref to juice being tested ;
6. ref to DCPIP ;
7. description of colour change of DCPIP from blue to {colourless / pink} ;
8. idea of titration ;
9. idea of comparison of results e.g. volumes of DCPIP added or use of
calibration curve or calculation of vitamin C concentration against known vitamin
C solution / use of a standard vitamin C solution ;
10. ref to repeats ;
Variables:
1. { mass / eq} of fruit / eq ;
2. { age / source / eq} of fruit / eq ;
3. time for storage / eq ;
4. method of juice extraction / eq ;
5. { volume / concentration / eq} of juice / DCPIP/ eq ;
6. storage conditions ;
7. part of fruit used / eq ;
Spirometer
Experiment:
1. and 2. idea of clear dependent variables e.g. tidal volume, minute ventilation,
breathing rate, rate of oxygen absorption ;;
3. ref to suitable units for a chosen dependent variable ;
4. idea of calibration of spirometer trace ;
5. description of how trace (Kymograph) used to obtain dependent variable;
6. idea of repeats ;

Variables:
1. same person ;
2. same age ;
3. same gender ;
4. temperature ;
5. time of day / eq ;
6. diet before testing / eq ;
7. speed of kymograph / eq ;
 PCR
Experiment:
1. idea of isolation or preparation of a DNA sample (from tissue) ;
2. description of reaction mix includes reference to DNA polymerase and
{(deoxy) nucleotides / primers / eq} ;
3. description of reaction mix includes reference to {magnesium ions / buffer} ;
4. description of denaturation step to include appropriate temperature e.g. 90
to 95 oC / eq ;
5. description of primer binding step [to include appropriate temperature (40-70
oC)] / eq ;
6. description of extension step [to include appropriate temperature (70-80 oC)]
/ eq ;
7. reference to an appropriate time for any one step eg 0.5 to 2 minutes ;
8. reference to suitable stated number of cycles e.g.15 to 35 ;
Variables (not in MS):
1. Temperature of each step;
2. PH;
3. Time intervals of each step;
Habituation
Experiment:
1. allow snail to adjust to environment before starting/ need for earthworms to {
recover / acclimatize } / eq ;
2. stimulus described e.g. tapping the snail, use a glass rod, use a cotton bud /
eq ;
3. idea of maintaining strength of stimulus e.g. same force ;
4. description of what will be recorded as a response e.g. record time taken for
the worm to extend, number of stimuli / time before there is no response / eq ;
5. idea of repeating the stimulus (after response) ;
6. idea of repetition of experiment after time delay OR with different snail ;
7. standardized method to adjust light intensity ;
Variables:
1. { age / size / species / mass / length / eq } of earthworm ;
2. temperature ;
3. another named environmental factor e.g. background noise, humidity, light
intensity ; / eq ;
4. previous handling of the snail / time to recover during experiment / eq ;
 Mitosis
Experiment:
1. suitable stain named e.g. Toluidine blue or Orcein ;
2. acid treatment of root tip ;
3. maceration / suitable description E.g. separate cells / make a thin layer ;
4. correct use of slide and coverslip ;
5. idea that (darkly) stained chromosomes can be seen when cells observed
through a microscope ;
6. idea that stage of mitosis can be determined by observing the position of the
chromosomes ;
Variables:
1. {age / size} of plant ;
2. tissue taken from {tip of a growing root / same part of the plant / eq};
3. { soil type / growth medium } of plants ;
4. other named environmental condition for plant growth IGNORE eg.
„temperature‟ or „pH‟ alone;
Plant Fibers
Experiment:
1. method of standardising length of fibres ;
2. measure {diameter / area} of fibres ;
3. method of suspending fibres ;
4. add weights progressively until fibres break ;
5. tensile strength calculated ;
6. suitable safety precaution with a reason ;
7. repeat and calculate the mean ;
Variables:
1. {age / variety / eq } of plant or fibre ;
2. pre-treatment (of fibres) ;
3. {length / diameter / cross sectional area} of fibre ;
4. humidity (of room) ;
5. temperature (of room) ;