Determination of Internal Pressure Coefficient Cpi - Dlubal Software

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Determination of Internal Pressure Coefficient cpi for One-Storey Buildings According to EN 1991-1-4
Figure 01 – Flowchart for Determining

cpi
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Figure 02 – 3D View of Industrial Hangar
Figure 03 – Vertical Walls (EN

1991-1-4:2005, Figure 7.5)
Figure 04 – Display of Wind Zones
Figure 05 – Recommended Values for

External Pressure Coefficients for
Vertical Walls of Rectangular Plan
B ildi
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001453 24 July 2017
Technical Article Buildings Structural Analysis & Design RFEM RSTAB
Cosme Asseya Modeling | Loading Eurocode 1
Wind is the only climatic load acting on every single type of structure in the entire
world, different from other loads like snow, for example. The wind size depends on
the geographical location of the structure. That is one of the main reasons why
today’s standards have regional division (wind zones) and consideration of
altitude, as well as variation of dynamic pressure depending on the height above
Do you have any questions or
ground for a ‘normal’ site, without masking effect.
need advice?
The effects of wind surround structures, causing forces on walls and sometimes Contact us or find various
entering buildings if openings exist. Complex architecture of buildings and the suggested solutions and
requirements from standards for wind make the determination of wind loads one useful tips on our FAQ page.
of the main challenges for structural engineers.
The harmonisation of standards in Europe made EC 1 the current standard in

many European countries. Eurocode 1 lays down the rules and calculation
methods for wind action on buildings under 200 m of height. EN 1991‑1‑4 [1] also
specifies rules for common chimneys, lattice towers and bridges (road bridges,
craneways, and walkways). Contrary to other Eurocodes, each country has its
own National Annex for EC 1, in which wind zones and other ratios are specified.
Each wall of a building is exposed to wind on its two faces (internal and external
face). Wind pressure on the building is either dampened or amplified depending
on the size of the surface the wind is applied to, its openings, and the type of
impact on the faces (overpressure or depression). For every construction, external
and internal pressure must be determined.
As many buildings are assumed closed, the internal pressure of wind may be
negligible.
Internal pressure coefficient cpi depends on the size and layout of the openings in
the building. Here we are talking about permanent openings (such as gaps,
chimney ducts, etc.).
If at least on two faces of a building (façade or roofing), the total area of openings
on each face represent 30% or more of the total area of the face, rules defined in
7.3 and 7.4 of EC 1 must be applied.
The internal pressure coefficient can be determined in a few steps (see

Figure 01).
Figure 01 – Flowchart for Determining cpi
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Length 20.0 m
Width 10.0 m
Total Height 5.5 m
Doors (4 pcs) 3.0 m x 3.0 m

Door (1 pc) 5.0 m x 3.0 m
Window 2.5 m x 1.5 m
Figure 02 – 3D View of Industrial Hangar
Face Opening Percentage

Area Area
Long Gable 0° 80 m² 24.00 m² 30.0%

Long Gable
80 m² 18.00 m² 23.0%
180°
Gable -90° 47.5 m² 9.00 m² 19.0%
Gable +90° 47.5 m² 3.75 m² 7.9%
Slope 0° 104.4 m² 0.00 m² 0.0%
Slope 180° 104.4 m² 0.00 m² 0.0%
Only the long gable 0° has an opening area representing 30% of its total area;
Its opening area is inferior to two times the opening areas of the other faces.
Conclusion: When e ≥ d (depth of the building is d = 10 m), there is no C zone.
Figure 03 – Vertical Walls (see EN 1991‑1‑4:2005, Figure 7.5)
Figure 04: Display of Wind Zones
where cpe is negative
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If h/d ≤ 0.25 or h/d < 1.0, cpi is read on the corresponding curve for each wind
and opening configuration.
If 0.25 > h/d > 1.0, cpi is obtained by linear interpolation between the two
curves for each configuration.
Figure 06 – Internal Pressure Coefficients Curve Applicable for Uniformly

Distributed Openings
For buildings with a dominant face, meaning a building with one face which area’s
twice the size of all other areas:
cpi = 0.75 ⋅ cpe if the opening areas of the dominant face are twice the size of
the other openings
cpi = 0.9 ⋅ cpe if the opening areas of the dominant face are three times the
size of the other openings
In most cases (for common buildings), without precise knowledge of the openings
distribution, the standard recommends using extreme values cpi = +0.2
(overpressure) and cpi = 0.3 (underpressure).
With the wind load generator in RFEM, you can specify the value of cpi after
having it determined. The entered data is then considered for the automatic
creation of loads.
Figure 07 – Entering Internal Pressure Coefficient in Wind Load Generator in

RFEM
[1] Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1‑4: General actions - Wind actions;
EN 1991‑1‑4
Solutions for Structural Analysis and Design According to Eurocode 1
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Figure 01 – Flowchart for Figure 02 – 3D View of Industrial Figure 03 – Vertical Walls (EN Figure 04 – Displ
Determining cpi Hangar 1991-1-4:2005, Figure 7.5) Zones
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Determination of Internal Pressure Coefficient Cpi - Dlubal Software

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Determination of Internal Pressure Coefficient cpi | Dlubal Software https://www.dlubal.com/en/support-and-learning/support/knowledge-b...

Home Support & Learning Support Knowledge Base

Figure 01 – Flowchart for Determining

Figure 02 – 3D View of Industrial Hangar

Figure 03 – Vertical Walls (EN

Figure 04 – Display of Wind Zones

Figure 05 – Recommended Values for

001453 24 July 2017

Technical Article Buildings Structural Analysis & Design RFEM RSTAB

Cosme Asseya Modeling | Loading Eurocode 1

The harmonisation of standards in Europe made EC 1 the current standard in

The internal pressure coefficient can be determined in a few steps (see

Figure 01 – Flowchart for Determining cpi

Doors (4 pcs) 3.0 m x 3.0 m

Figure 02 – 3D View of Industrial Hangar

Face Opening Percentage

Long Gable 0° 80 m² 24.00 m² 30.0%

Conclusion: When e ≥ d (depth of the building is d = 10 m), there is no C zone.

Figure 03 – Vertical Walls (see EN 1991‑1‑4:2005, Figure 7.5)

Figure 04: Display of Wind Zones

where cpe is negative

Figure 06 – Internal Pressure Coefficients Curve Applicable for Uniformly

Figure 07 – Entering Internal Pressure Coefficient in Wind Load Generator in

Solutions for Structural Analysis and Design According to Eurocode 1

Industries Customer Support and Hotline Download Trial Versions

Am Zellweg 2 The Graham Building

© 2001 - 2018 by Dlubal Software GmbH | All Rights Reserved

Legal Notice Commercial Terms About Company Sitemap

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