Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
4 temperament model was developed by Ivan P. Pavlov. He said that person's temperament
depends on the type of the central nervous system. The types of the nervous system
depend on three factors:
There are several classifications of accentuations. The most famous of them was developed
by East German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard and described in his book "Accentuated People"
which as far as I know has never been published in English. His system includes 12 main
accentuations and many mixed accentuations. All the psychologists admit that
accentuations are normal. However, there are disagreements how many the people have
them. Leonhard said that about 50 percent of Germans have accentuations. He defined
accentuations as very expressed traits of character or temperament. He made a difference
between "standard" people who do not have accentuations, that is, they have an average
character and people with accentuations. According to Leonhard, people with accentuations
are between "standard" people and people with personality disorders.
Leonhard's definition of extraversion and introversion was different from Jung and Eysenck.
While every person has a certain temperament, not everyone has an accentuation.
Accentuations may become more or less expressed from time to time.
Since temperaments as well as personality types are inborn and unchangeable, it is possible
to use temperaments for a study like what Yeakleys did with the members of ICC and other
groups. However, accentuations are not so stable and not all the people have them. There is
a widely used in Russia Shmisheck test for accentuations. I took that test about 6 years
ago, 3 months ago, and recently. Each time this test indicated that I have no accentuations.
So, accentuations probably cannot be used for a study like Yeakley's.
Source http://lemanal.blogspot.ro/2008/11/temperaments-and-accentuations.html