Paediatrics

Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Paediatrics
Clinical assessment
1. Paediatrics: Communication skills - Answer (click here)
2. Taking a paediatric history - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: The presenting complaint - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: History of present illness - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Past health history - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Symptom review - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Family history - Answer (click here)
8. Examining a child: introduction - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: General condition - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Vital signs - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Respiratory system - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Cardiovascular system - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Gastrointestinal system - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Genitourinary system - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Musculoskeletal system - Answer (click here)

Resuscitation
1. Paediatrics: Cardiopulmonary arrest - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Rapid cardiopulmonary assessment - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatric basic life support - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Choking children - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Rhythm disturbances - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Treating supraventricular tachycardia - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Following unsuccessful resuscitation - Answer (click here)

Emergency and high dependency care

1. Paediatrics: The ABC of high dependency - Answer (click here)
 2. Paediatrics: Respiratory distress - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Respiratory distress: management - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Foreign-body inhalation - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Drowning - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Circulation: cardiovascular difficulty - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Cardiovascular system difficulty: assessment - Answer (click
here)
8. Paediatrics: Cardiovascular system difficulty: therapy - 1 - Answer (click
here)
9. Paediatrics: Cardiovascular system difficulty: therapy- 2 - Answer (click
here)
10. Paediatrics: Cyanosis: assessment - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: management of Cyanosis - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Anaphylaxis - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Hypovolaemic shock - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Burns - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Treatment for Burns - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Sepsis - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Altered level of consciousness - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Altered level of consciousness: clinical assessment - Answer
(click here)
19. Paediatrics: Altered level of consciousness: Glasgow coma scale - Answer
(click here)
20. Paediatrics: Altered level of consciousness: management - Answer (click
here)
21. Paediatrics: Status epilepticus - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Poisoning - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Poisoning: management - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Poisoning: antidotes and substrates - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Fluid and electrolytes - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Fluid and electrolytes: dehydration - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Fluid and electrolytes: abnormalities - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Renal insufficiency - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Glucose: hypoglycaemia - Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Diabetic ketoacidosis - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: Diabetic ketoacidosis: treatment - Answer (click here)
32. Paediatrics: Inborn error of metabolism - Answer (click here)
33. Paediatrics: Other acid-base problems - Answer (click here)

Neonatology
1. Paediatrics: Newborn life support - Answer (click here)
 2. Perinatal definitions - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Small for gestational age - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Large for gestational age - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Prematurity - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Birth at the limit of viability - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Outcome following prematurity - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Basic obstetrics - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Obstetric problems - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Maternal disorders causing neonatal disease - Answer (click
here)
11. Paediatrics: Birth trauma - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Non-specifi cally ill neonate - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Neonatal jaundice - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Hypoglycaemia - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Neonatal seizures - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: The floppy infant - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Hydrops foetalis - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Routine care of the newborn - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Milk feeding - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Routine neonatal examination - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Normal variations and minor abnormalities - Answer (click
here)
22. Newborn fluid and electrolyte balance - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Respiratory distress syndrome - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Acute respiratory diseases - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Neonatal respiratory support - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Conventional positive pressure ventilation - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: High frequency oscillatory ventilation - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Circulatory adaptation at birth - Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Patent ductus arteriosus - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: CNS malformations - Answer (click here)
32. Paediatrics: Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy - Answer (click here)
33. Paediatrics: Cerebral haemorrhage and ischaemia - Answer (click here)
34. Paediatrics: Necrotizing enterocolitis - Answer (click here)
35. Paediatrics: Neonatal infection - Answer (click here)
36. Paediatrics: Transplacental (congenital infection) - Answer (click here)
37. Paediatrics: Prevention of neonatal infection - Answer (click here)
38. Paediatrics: Neonatal abstinence syndrome - Answer (click here)
39. Inborn errors of metabolism - Answer (click here)
40. Paediatrics: Retinopathy of prematurity - Answer (click here)
 41. Metabolic bone disease - Answer (click here)
42. Paediatrics: Orofacial clefts - Answer (click here)
43. Paediatrics: Neonatal haematology - Answer (click here)
44. Paediatrics: Rh disease (rhesus haemolytic disease) - Answer (click here)
45. Paediatrics: Bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) - Answer (click here)
46. Paediatrics: Neonatal dermatology - Answer (click here)
47. Paediatrics: Perinatal death - Answer (click here)

Practical procedures
1. Paediatrics: Capillary blood sampling - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Venepuncture - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Intravenous cannulation - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Peripheral arterial blood sampling - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Peripheral arterial cannulation - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Umbilical arterial catheter - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Umbilical venous catheter - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Central venous catheterization via a peripheral vein - Answer
(click here)
9. Paediatrics: Airway management - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Mask ventilation - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Endotracheal intubation - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Insertion of a chest drain - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Intraosseous infusion - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Intracardiac injection - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Pericardiocentesis - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Abdominal paracentesis - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Urethral bladder catheterization - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Suprapubic aspiration of urine - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Lumbar puncture - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Cerebral ventricular tap - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Exchange transfusion - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular
1. Paediatrics: Cardiovascular Common presentations - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Heart failure - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Heart murmurs - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Murmurs: clinical features - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Acyanotic: congenital heart disease - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Left to right shunt: atrial septal defect - Answer (click here)
 7. Paediatrics: Ventricular septal defect - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Persistent ductus arteriosus - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Right to left shunt: tetralogy of Fallot - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Transposition of the great arteries - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Common mixing: complete atrioventricular septal defect -
Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Tricuspid atresia - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Aortic stenosis - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Pulmonary stenosis - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Coarctation of the aorta - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection - Answer
(click here)
18. Paediatrics: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Dextrocardia - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Infection: infective bacterial endocarditis - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Rheumatic fever - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Pericarditis - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Myocarditis - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Cardiac arrhythmias - Answer (click here)

Paediatrics: Respiratory medicine

1. Paediatrics: Respiratory medicine - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Common presentation: wheeze - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Common presentation: stridor - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Common presentation: cough - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Common presentation: breathlessness - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Common presentation: snoring - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Investigations - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Asthma - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Asthma: drug delivery devices - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Asthma: clinic management (1) - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Asthma: clinic management (2) - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Cystic fibrosis - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Cystic fibrosis: problems - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Cystic fibrosis: management (1) - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Cystic fibrosis: management (2) - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Chronic lung disease of prematurity - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Congenital respiratory tract disorders - Answer (click here)
 18. Paediatrics: Sleep apnoea - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Allergic rhinitis - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Upper airway infections - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Laryngeal and tracheal inflammation - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Bronchial disease - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Bronchiolitis - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Pneumonia - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Pneumonia treatment - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Pneumonia: effusion, empyema - Answer (click here)
27. Pulmonary tuberculosis - Answer (click here)

Gastroenterology and nutrition

1. Paediatrics: Healthy eating for children - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Vomiting - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Acute diarrhoea - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Chronic diarrhoea - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Constipation - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Faltering growth (failure to thrive) - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Recurrent abdominal pain - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Gastrointestinal haemorrhage - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Jaundice - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Adverse reactions to food - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Nutritional disorders - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Nutritional support - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Parenteral nutrition - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Oesophageal disorders - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Pancreatitis - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Intestinal disorders - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Inflammatory bowel disease - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Malabsorption - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Coeliac disease - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Gastrointestinal infections - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Intestinal parasites - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Acute hepatitis - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Chronic liver failure - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Wilson’s disease - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Liver transplantation - Answer (click here)

Nephrology
 1. Paediatrics: Polyuria and frequency - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Abdominal/renal mass - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Haematuria - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Proteinuria - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Urinary tract infection - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Vesicoureteric reflux - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Acute kidney injury - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Acute kidney injury: diagnosis and treatment - Answer (click
here)
9. Paediatrics: Chronic kidney disease - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Chronic kidney disease: treatment - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Congenital urinary tract anomalies - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Inherited renal disease - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Glomerulonephritis - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Haemolytic–uraemic syndrome - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Nephrotic syndrome - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Nephrotic syndrome: complications and follow-up - Answer
(click here)
17. Paediatrics: Renal tubular disorders - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Proximal renal tubular acidosis - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Bartter’s syndrome - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Renal calculi - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Hypertension: definition - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Hypertension: causes and features - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Hypertension: management - Answer (click here)

Endocrinology and diabetes

1. Paediatrics: Obesity - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Obesity: management - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Type 1 diabetes mellitus: management - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Type 1 diabetes mellitus: insulin therapy - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Acute complications of Type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answer
(click here)
7. Paediatrics: Type 1 diabetes mellitus: long-term complications - Answer
(click here)
8. Paediatrics: Type 1 diabetes mellitus: associated illnesses - Answer (click
here)
9. Paediatrics: Type 2 diabetes mellitus - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Other forms of diabetes mellitus - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Goitre - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Solitary thyroid nodule - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Thyroid carcinoma - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Congenital hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Acquired hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Graves’s disease - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Thyroiditis - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Adrenal insufficiency - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Adrenal insufficiency: treatment - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Adrenal excess - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Mineralocorticoid excess - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Mineralocorticoid deficiency - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Inherited endocrine syndromes - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Hypocalcaemia - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Rickets - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Hypercalcaemia - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Posterior pituitary: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone secretion - Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Hypopituitarism - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: Posterior pituitary: diabetes insipidus - Answer (click here)
32. Paediatrics: Polycystic ovarian syndrome - Answer (click here)

Growth and puberty

1. Paediatrics: Normal growth - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Normal puberty - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Assessment of growth - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Assessment of puberty - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Short stature - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Constitutional delay in growth and puberty - Answer (click
here)
7. Paediatrics: Intrauterine growth retardation - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Turner’s syndrome - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Chronic inflammatory disorders - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Skeletal dysplasias - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Growth hormone deficiency - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Growth hormone deficiency: management - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Tall stature - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Delayed puberty: assessment - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Delayed puberty: management - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Precocious puberty - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Precocious puberty: management - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Variants of normal puberty - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Disorders of sex development - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Disorders of sex development: management - Answer (click
here)
21. Paediatrics: Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Micropenis - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Gynaecomastia - Answer (click here)

Neurology
1. Paediatrics: Neurology Examination - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Neurology Examination: children aged <5 years who can’t
walk - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Paroxysmal episodes: not epilepsy - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Paroxysmal episodes: general management - Answer (click
here)
6. Paediatrics: Seizures and childhood epilepsies - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Seizures: management - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Epilepsies: neonatal - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Epilepsies: infantile - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Epilepsies: mid to late childhood (1) - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Epilepsies: mid to late childhood (2) - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Headache - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Headache: migraine - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Bell’s palsy - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Stroke in childhood - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Acute abnormal movements - Answer (click here)
18. Subdural haemorrhage in a child under 2 years - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Neurocutaneous disorders - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Macrocephaly and microcephaly - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Degenerative disorders - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Neuromuscular disorders - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Peripheral neuropathies - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Guillain–Barre syndrome - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Neuromuscular junction - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Muscular disorders - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Management of neuromuscular junction and muscular
 disorders - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Cerebral palsy - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Acute encephalopathy - Answer (click here)

Child development
1. Paediatrics: Managing and living with disability - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Normal development - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Gross motor development - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Fine motor development - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Speech and language development - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Social, emotional, and behavioural development - Answer
(click here)
7. Paediatrics: Developmental assessment - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Neurodevelopmental delay - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Learning difficulties/disabilities - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Developmental co-ordination disorder - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Communication difficulties - Answer (click here)

Child and family psychiatry

1. Paediatrics: Prevalence - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Classification, categories, and dimensions - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Comorbidity and causation - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Developmental perspective - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Systemic thinking - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Assessment - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: History taking - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Communicating - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Asking the difficult questions - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Depression - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Suicide and non-fatal deliberate self-harm - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Bipolar disorder - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Anxiety disorders - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Post-traumatic stress disorder - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Obsessive compulsive disorder - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Attachment disorder - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Somatoform disorders and typical consultation–liaison
presentations - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Anorexia nervosa - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Bulimia nervosa - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Oppositional defiant and conduct disorders - Answer (click
here)
22. Paediatrics: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Autism spectrum disorders - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Individual psychotherapy - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Family therapy - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Psychopharmacotherapy - Answer (click here)

Haematology
1. Paediatrics: Anaemia - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Haemolytic anaemias - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Deficiency anaemias - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Red blood count membrane defect anaemias - Answer (click
here)
5. Paediatrics: Red blood count enzyme defect anaemias - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Sickle cell disease - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Thalassaemia - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Immune haemolytic anaemia - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Red blood cell fragmentation - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Aplastic anaemia - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Failure of red cell production (pure red cell aplasia) - Answer
(click here)
12. Paediatrics: Polycythaemia - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Abnormal bleeding or bruising - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Coagulation studies - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Haemophilia A - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Haemophilia B - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: von Willebrand disease - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Platelet function disorders - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Thrombocytosis - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Thrombocytopenia - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Acute immune thrombocytopenia - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Thrombophilia - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Blood transfusion reactions - Answer (click here)

Oncology
1. Paediatrics: Epidemiology of childhood cancer - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Oncology Clinical assessment: history - Answer (click here)
 3. Paediatrics: Oncology Clinical examination - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Key investigations - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Acute myeloid leukaemia - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (adult type) - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Central nervous system tumours (1) - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Central nervous system tumours (2) - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Neuroblastoma - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Wilms’ tumour (nephroblastoma) - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Other renal tumours in childhood - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Bone tumours - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Rhabdomyosarcoma - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Germ cell tumours - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Primary liver tumours - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Other rare tumours - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Chemotherapy - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Stem cell transplant - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Radiotherapy - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Surgery - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Acute care - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Acute care: biochemistry - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Acute care: other - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Urgent care - Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Principles of follow-up - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: Palliative care - Answer (click here)

Infectious diseases
1. Paediatrics: Infectious diseases - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: The child with fever - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Fever: examination and assessment - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Fever: management (green features) - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Fever: management (red or amber features) - Answer (click
here)
6. Paediatrics: Prolonged fever of unknown cause - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Common infections characterized by rash - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Exanthem 1: measles - Answer (click here)
 9. Paediatrics: Exanthem 2: group A streptococcus - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Exanthem 3: rubella - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Exanthem 4: enteroviruses - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Exanthem 5: parvovirus - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Exanthem 6: human herpes virus 6 - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Rash: chickenpox and zoster - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Rash: infectious mononucleosis - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Lyme disease - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Mumps - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Bacteraemia and shock - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Kawasaki disease - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Skin and soft tissues - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Meningitis - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Mycobacteria - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Tropical infections - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Immunodeficiency disorders - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Human immunodeficiency virus - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Immunizations - Answer (click here)

Bones and joints

1. Paediatrics: Bones and joints Clinical assessment - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: The limping child - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: The limping child: differential diagnosis - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Infections: septic arthritis - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Infections: osteomyelitis - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Spinal disorders - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Spine: kyphosis - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Spine: scoliosis - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Hip disorders: developmental dysplasia of the hip - Answer
(click here)
10. Paediatrics: Hip disorders: Perthes’ disease - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Hip disorders: slipped upper femoral epiphysis - Answer (click
here)
12. Paediatrics: Knee disorders - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Orthopaedic trauma - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Osteochondroses - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Osteopetrosis - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Cleidocranial dysplasia - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Skeletal dysplasias - Answer (click here)
 19. Paediatrics: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: clinical principles and
management - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Systemic arthritis - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Rheumatoid factor-negative polyarthritis - Answer (click here)
25. Paediatrics: Psoriatic arthritis - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Enthesitis-related arthritis - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Systemic lupus erythematosus - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Juvenile dermatomyositis - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Mixed connective tissue disease - overlap syndromes -
Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Scleroderma - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: Henoch–Schonlein purpura - Answer (click here)
32. Paediatrics: Polyarteritis nodosa - Answer (click here)
33. Paediatrics: Wegener’s granulomatosis - Answer (click here)
34. Paediatrics: Takayasu’s arteritis (pulseless disease) - Answer (click here)

Adolescent health
1. Paediatrics: Adolescent health Communication - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Adolescence: overview - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Adolescent health problems - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Substance misuse - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Sexual health problems - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Adolescence and chronic illness - Answer (click here)

Dermatology
1. Paediatrics: Dermatology Assessment of a rash - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Atopic eczema/dermatitis - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Red scaly rashes - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Papular rashes (1) - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Papular rashes (2) - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Vesiculobullous rashes - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Red blanching (erythematous) rashes - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Pruritus - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Pustular rashes - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Purpuric rashes - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Lymphoedema - Answer (click here)
 12. Paediatrics: Blood vessel disorders - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Skin infection: viral and bacterial - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Fungal skin infections - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Parasitic skin infections - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Protozoal skin infections - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Hair disorders - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Nail disorders - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Photosensitivity and light eruptions - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Pigmentation disorders - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Collagen and elastin disorders - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Connective tissue disorders - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Miscellaneous skin conditions - Answer (click here)

Paediatric Surgery
1. Paediatrics: Paediatric Surgery Symptoms and signs that should cause
concern - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities: upper airway - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities: tracheo-oesophageal - Answer (click
here)
4. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities: oesophagus - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities: lung - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Congenital abnormalities: chest - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Ingested foreign bodies - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Bezoars - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Midgut malrotation and volvulus - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Intussusception - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Duodenal atresia - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Small bowel atresias - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Meconium ileus - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Acute appendicitis - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Mesenteric adenitis - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Meckel’s diverticulum - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Gastroschisis - Answer (click here)
19. Paediatrics: Exomphalos (omphalocele) - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Inguinal hernias - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Hydroceles - Answer (click here)
22. Paediatrics: Hirschsprung’s disease - Answer (click here)
23. Paediatrics: Rectal prolapse - Answer (click here)
24. Paediatrics: Anorectal malformations - Answer (click here)
 25. Paediatrics: Umbilical anomalies - Answer (click here)
26. Paediatrics: Testicular torsion - Answer (click here)
27. Paediatrics: Orchitis and epididymitis - Answer (click here)
28. Paediatrics: Testicular trauma - Answer (click here)
29. Paediatrics: Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) - Answer (click here)
30. Paediatrics: Retractile testes - Answer (click here)
31. Paediatrics: Hypospadias - Answer (click here)
32. Paediatrics: Phimosis and paraphimosis - Answer (click here)
33. Paediatrics: Balanitis/balanoposthitis - Answer (click here)
34. Paediatrics: Priapism - Answer (click here)
35. Paediatrics: Penile trauma - Answer (click here)
36. Paediatrics: Imperforate hymen - Answer (click here)
37. Paediatrics: Labial adhesions in infants - Answer (click here)
38. Paediatrics: Miscellaneous conditions - Answer (click here)
39. Paediatrics: Perioperative care - Answer (click here)
40. Paediatrics: Consent for surgery - Answer (click here)
41. Paediatrics: Post-operative care: fluids - Answer (click here)
42. Paediatrics: Post-operative care: analgesia - Answer (click here)
43. Paediatrics: Post-operative care: drains and wounds - Answer (click here)

Special senses
1. Paediatrics: Special senses Common presentations - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Hearing assessment - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Childhood deafness - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Disorders of the ear - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Common disorders of the nose - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Disorders of mouth and tongue - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Visual development and examination - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Vision assessment - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Vision screening in the UK - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Squints (strabismus) - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Ametropia (refractive disorders) - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Amblyopia - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Visual impairment - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Nystagmus - Answer (click here)
15. Paediatrics: Disorders of the eye: infection and inflammatory - Answer
(click here)
16. Paediatrics: Eye foreign body - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Cataract - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
 19. Paediatrics: Orbit and eyelids - Answer (click here)
20. Paediatrics: Back of the eye problems - Answer (click here)
21. Paediatrics: Trauma - Answer (click here)

Genetics
1. Paediatrics: Clinical genetics and genetic counselling - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: When to refer to clinical genetics - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Taking a family history - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Genetic testing - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Chromosome tests - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Molecular genetic analysis - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Practical issues relating to genetic testing - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Down syndrome - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Common chromosomal disorders - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Genetic disorders with cardiac features - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Genetic testing in cognitive impairment - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Genetic disorders with neuromuscular features - Answer (click
here)
13. Paediatrics: Genetic disorders with dermatological features - Answer (click
here)
14. Paediatrics: Genetic disorders of growth - Answer (click here)

Inherited metabolic disease

1. Paediatrics: General principles of Inherited metabolic disease - Answer
(click here)
2. Paediatrics: Metabolic syndromes: neurological - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Metabolic syndromes: metabolic acidosis - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Metabolic syndromes: storage dysmorphism - Answer (click
here)
5. Paediatrics: Metabolic syndromes: hepatic syndromes - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Metabolic syndromes: cardiac syndromes - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Urea cycle disorders - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: eneral principles of Inherited metabolic disease - Answer (click
here)
9. Paediatrics: Disorders of organic acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism - Answer (click here)
11. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Lysosomal storage diseases - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Disorders of fatty acid oxidation - Answer (click here)
14. Paediatrics: Mitochondrial disorders - Answer (click here)
 15. Paediatrics: Peroxisomal disorders - Answer (click here)
16. Paediatrics: Disorders of nucleotide metabolism - Answer (click here)
17. Paediatrics: Disorders of porphyrin metabolism - Answer (click here)
18. Paediatrics: Disorders of metal metabolism and transport - Answer (click
here)

Community child health

1. Paediatrics: Community child health - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Voluntary and charitable organizations - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Organizations and structures - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Health surveillance and promotion - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Special educational needs - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Children with disabilities - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Specific learning difficulties - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Chronic fatigue syndrome - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Absence from school - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Constipation and soiling - Answer (click here)
11. Paediatrics: Enuresis - Answer (click here)

Child protection
1. Paediatrics: Child protection - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Illness fabricated or induced by carers - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Physical abuse - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Sexual abuse - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Emotional abuse - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Medical involvement in child protection - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Referrals to other agencies - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Medical assessment - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Assessment by social care - Answer (click here)

Pharmacology and therapeutics

1. Paediatrics: Prescribing for children - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Adverse drug reactions - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Drug metabolism - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: Pain management - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Sedation - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: Fever - Answer (click here)
International health and travel
1. Paediatrics: Child survival: world health - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: World health: childhood illness - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Taking children on holiday - Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Illness after international travel - Answer (click here)

Paediatrics ethics and the law

1. Paediatrics: Ethics - Answer (click here)
2. Paediatrics: Common law - Answer (click here)
3. Paediatrics: Recognition of ethical issues in everyday clinical practice -
Answer (click here)
4. Paediatrics: Clinical case study - Answer (click here)
5. Paediatrics: The doctor–child relationship - Answer (click here)
6. Paediatrics: Parental responsibility - Answer (click here)
7. Paediatrics: The doctor–parent relationship - Answer (click here)
8. Paediatrics: Assent and consent - Answer (click here)
9. Paediatrics: Confidentiality and disclosure - Answer (click here)
10. Paediatrics: Withholding or withdrawing treatment in children - Answer
(click here)
11. Paediatrics: Good ethical and legal practice in suspected child abuse -
Answer (click here)
12. Paediatrics: Serious case reviews - Answer (click here)
13. Paediatrics: Legal aspects of international adoption - Answer (click here)