The Implementation of Science and Technology for Farmer Group

Cattle, Manguni Jaya In Tonsewer Village, Indonesia

J.C. Loing1) and F.H. Elly2)

Department of Social Economics Faculty of Animal Husbandry UNSRAT

1) jeanecattyloing84g@gmail.com

Abstract

Cattle business in Tonsewer Village is a source of income for farmers. The Manguni Jaya Group
is one of the groups that develop cattle as their source of income. The problem of group
members' knowledge about grass cultivation and utilization of agricultural waste is still low.
Application of Science and Technology for Farmer's Group Cattle Manguni Jaya in Tonsewer
Village, Indonesia is still to be trained. Based on these problems, empowerment of group
members has been done through the application of science and technology. The approach to the
Manguni Jaya group is through counseling on cattle business management, grass cultivation
training (the group is formed as a group member initiative so that they can share knowledge of
cattle business), the training of silage making is done by using dwarf grass, Ciencia (2014) and
ammonia making. Based on the problem, member empowerment has been done. Ammonia
production is made by utilizing the available dry dwarf Farda et al (2015). Conclusion, the
counseling has been 100 percent successful, and farmers have been trained to make silage and
ammonia. Suggestions submitted, need mentoring the government and researchers in an effort to
improve the development of cattle business in a business-oriented direction.

Keywords: Implementation, Science, silage, ammonia

Introduction

The Tompaso District is in a position of 120 to 150 LU and 460 to 1240 BT, with flat
topography. The total area of Tompaso district is 3.020 Ha. The position of Tompaso district is
located on altitude of 550-600 above sea level.

The population is 14,192 people consisting of men 7,239 and women 6,953. There are 4,057
Heads of Families. The population in Tompaso ( Tompaso had some villages) mostly as farmers,
there are 3,020 heads of families as farmers, consisting of 2,870 men and 3,034 women.
Livelihood data as farmers support the development of beef cattle farming.
Tonsewer Village is one of the villages in Tompaso sub-district with several cattle farming
groups including livestock farmer group namely: Pelita and Cita Waya farmer group, Melati
farmer group and Manguni Jaya (Indonesian name of a group). Group formation is a government
program based on the Joint Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of
Agriculture no. 54 of 1996 and No: 304 / KPTS / L.P.120 / 4/96, on Guidelines for
Implementation of Agricultural Extension. The program is expected to grow farmer groups
according to local conditions and potential resources, and to pay attention to the strategic
environment that affects them (Dinas Peternakan, 1998).

Manguni Jaya Group was formed in 2008. It is a farmers’group of farm and cattle, with the main
program of this group is mapalus (Indonesia in Minahasan language means work together, in the
case of a farmer does not have time then replaced with a sum of money) that is preparing the
labor for the land, cultivating, fostering, harvesting and raising. This program is determined
based on the farmer in communities use to be of Minahasa (name of) District including
Tonsewer (name of) village in managing their farms. The custom of the community for the
activity of mapalus (work together) is done because the people need friends to work together in
their farming. Some farmers in one village help each other in the form of labor and are
performed in turn. This activity is a form of cooperation among farmers in terms of improving
their welfare. Some of the farmers who did the mapalus activities were recruited in a group
named Manguni Jaya by the local government in this case sponsored by Agricultural Extension
Farmers. Members of the group consisted of 20 people each of whom had 2-6 cattle beef cattle
integrated with horticultural crops.

1. Activities pictures for Manguni Jaya as farmer’s group

Manguni Jaya Group since its establishment to today do group activities including weekly
meetings on Sundays, members of mapalus means work together do the gatherings. In 2013 the
group received 5 cows. The Manguni Jaya Group undertakes several programs declared as short-
term, medium-term and long-term programs. Program of the group: (1) Short-term program is
income increase by planting horticulture namely red beans, onion and tomato; (2) Medium-term
program is the increase of income through the planting of maize; (3) Long-term, program is the
increase of income through the raising of cattle. The group members' efforts within a year are to
conduct the following production processes: (1) Two times the production of red beans of 0.3 ha
with a net profit of IDR 4,000,000 per year. (2) Twice onion production of 0.3 ha with a net
profit of IDR 15,000,000 per year. (3) Twice the production of 0.3 ha of tomato plants with a net
profit of IDR 9,000,000 per year. (4) Corn production of 1 ha for cow food. (5) Sell a head of
cattle amount IDR 15,000,000 / year.

2. Group Member Problems

The problem of Manguni Jaya as livestock farmer group in Tonsewer village, Indonesia, does not
yet have an integrated knowledge and knowledge of cattle development with integrated system
of horticultural cattle-beef or cattle farming. The integration pattern will greatly benefit Manguni
Jaya livestock group members.

Group members planted maize mostly used as cattle feed. In this case maize is given not in the
form of waste but in the form of young corn. On the other hand livestock manure can be used as
fertilizer for agricultural land by farmers. Provision of compost as an organic fertilizer can
improve and maintain the diversity and life of soil organisms. Manure is an organic fertilizer
from fermented solids and liquid (urine) from cattle. Meanwhile, compost fertilizer is an organic
fertilizer made from various waste and weeds. The problem of livestock manure has not been
utilized by livestock farmer group as compost fertilizer. Compost fertilizer is used to substitute
inorganic fertilizers that are increasingly expensive and rarely available. In addition, compost can
be used as an alternative source of income for group members. Farmers in Tonsewer village have
started to purchase organic fertilizer.

The results of discussions with members of the group and local government, the priority issues
that need to be addressed are as follows: (1) Lack of knowledge and skills of group members in
business management of business-oriented beef cattle. (2) Lack of knowledge and skill of group
members about continuous feeding (forage). Quality feed can increase the productivity of cattle.
(3) Lack of knowledge and skill of group members about the utilization of straw and
preservation of forage for the summer need.
3. The Objective

Based on the priority problems of Manguni Jaya farmer group, it is necessary to empower the
group. Empowerment is undertaken to deal with some priority issues that can be done by
extension in the form of lectures by showing examples.

Counseling was conducted on members of the Manguni Jaya group with the aim of changing the
behavior of group members' resources in a better direction. Some extension philosophies are: (1)
counseling relying on the program on the needs of farmers; (2) counseling is essentially a non-
formal education process for adults. The goal is to teach farmers, improve their lives by their
own efforts, and teach farmers to use their natural resources wisely; and (3) extension workers
working with other organizations to develop individuals and groups. Extension materials include:
institutional strengthening, business-oriented business development, and the manufacture of
ammonia and silage. Training activities are conducted so that members of the group are skilled in
making silage is the process of preserving the raw dwarf grass and the ammonia is the process
of preserving the dry dwarf grass.

4. Results and Discussion

Livestock sub-sector as an integral part of agricultural sector, is required to play a bigger role in
the future. This is because livestock is one of the sub sectors that have potential as a source of
growth in agricultural development. Livestock development is directed to increase farmers'
income breeders, encourage food diversification and improve the community's nutritional quality
as well as export development, like kind of rehabilitation done in Southern Kenya, Manyeki
(2013) . One of the livestock commodities developed by farmer breeders is cattle.

Cattle farming as a source of income for rural farmers, needs to get attention in its development.
Cattle farms in North Sulawesi including Tonsewer village are generally traditionally maintained
( Elly et al, 2008; Salendu, 2012). Based on these conditions the absolute breeder development
must be done. Development of cattle farming is certainly not apart from the role of farmer
groups. The role of farmer groups in this case is how to get the added value and efficient in its
management. One source of inefficiency of farm-crop farming systems that farmers do today is
relatively weak institutional farming systems. According to Yusran et al (2004), one of the
problems needs to be addressed is the institutional problem.

The above conditions caused most farms to be weak in capital use and technological mastery.
The dissemination of information technology in the field of cattle farms from various sources is
very less, so the knowledge of farmers about the management of livestock is relatively low.
Information dissemination and technological implementation can be implemented and achieved
if farmers are included in groups. This is because through the group farmers are expected they
can interact with each other, so have the impact of mutual need, mutual increase, mutual
strengthening. As a result have an impact on increasing knowledge and ability of farmers in
managing agribusiness and agro industry system potentially.

Implementation of applied knowledge and technology has been done for farmer group Manguni
Jaya. Djayanegara and Ismail (2004) suggest that the group approach aims to enlarge the
effectiveness and efficiency of enterprises and build togetherness among cattle farmers without
changing business objectives.

The development of business-oriented cattle depends on the characteristics of each group

member. The members of the Mangui Jaya as farmer Group range from 36 to 52 years old, or an
average of 45.37 years. The age of group members is categorized as still in the range of
productive age. This condition indicates that group members have strong physical ability to carry
out the farming activities. Kiswanto et al (2004) suggests that age is one factor that can affect the
productivity of beef cattle fattening business.

Characteristics of group members are seen from the educational level of group members. The
highest level of education of Manguni Jaya group is the high school level of 75% (6 members).
Junior high school education level of 25% (2 members). The education level of group members
can be adequately categorized. Higher educational levels have an impact on the ease of group
members in absorbing the technology delivered. This is as stated by Kiswanto et al (2004) that
higher levels of education allow to change attitudes and behavior to act more rationally.

Empowerment of group members is done by two approaches that is counseling and training.
Counseling plays a role particularly in strengthening farmer groups and improving the process of
adopting farm technology to farmers (Abdullah, 2008). Counseling was conducted on the
Manguni Jaya group with the aim of changing the behavior of farmers to better farmers
(Peabody, 1999). The goal is to teach farmers, improve their lives by their own efforts, and
teach farmers to use their natural resources wisely with the step: (1) counseling relying on the
program on the needs of farmers; (2) counseling is essentially a non-formal education process for
adults ;( 3) extension workers working with other organizations to develop individuals, groups
and nations. Extension system according to Fagi and Kartaatmadja (2004) consists of extensión
delivery system and extensión quisition system. Extensión delivery system is top-down,
instructive and vertical then the dominant role of government. While the extensión q Sion
philosophies are: (1) counseling relying on the program on the needs of farmers; (2) counseling
is essentially a non-formal education process for adults.

Manguni Jaya group members are trained for grass preservation in the form of silage and
ammonia. This is done to overcome if there is overproduction especially in rainy season and can
be exploited during dry season, Maleko (2015). As stated by Ratnada (2004), natural grass
production fluctuates depending on the season. The existence of silage is expected to meet the
needs of cattle feed.
2. Pictures of show the farmers the early process of silkage product

3. The introduction of dwarf and the next process of making silage

The silage-making procedure is: fresh harvested dwarf grass (Soetarno et al, 2017) cut into
pieces 2-5 cm by group members use cooper. Then the grass is put into an airtight plastic bag.
Every 15 cm of fresh grass sprinkled with rice bran, and so on until the plastic bag is fully loaded
and solid. After the grass is filled solid, the plastic bag is closed tightly (plastic bag is tied). The
process of making for 21 days and after it opened the smell of fragrant and slightly acidic. The
making of this silage is strongly responded by group members.

4. Pictures of showing the farmers of how to make ammonia based of dry dwarf.

The dry dwarf had used to produce ammonia.. The rest of the agricultural produce can also be
used as a source of forage for example rice straw, leaves and corn cob, and others. Rice straw has
high fiber content and low energy levels so that the value is low. According Kardiyanto (2009),
required a treatment to be easily digested that is by fermentation process. The procedure of
making rice straw amonia is prepared dry straw (water content about 60%) then cut into 2-5 cm.
The straw is stacked in a plastic bag, trampled to solid. Then the straw is stacked in a plastic bag
sprinkled with probity’s (SB) and urea with a ratio of 6 kg each for each ton of rice straw. To
grow probity sprinkled water to 60% moisture, indicated by hand wringing straw and when seen
in the palm of the hand water as if it would have been dripping but not dripping it means the
water is enough.The process was repeated again with a stack of 15 cm until full plastic bag. After
the plastic bag is closed and tied it is left for 21 days in the rain-protected and direct sunlight.
After 21 days or longer time of fermentation ready to be given to livestock.

5. Conclusion

Implementation of science and technology for Manguni Jaya farmer group has been done and
responded well by group members. The products produced for the Manguni Jaya group are silage
and ammonia. Suggestion given is need assistance of next researchers for business development
of business beef cattle.

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