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Types of Murmurs:
Machine like murmur: Patent Ductus arteriosus
Opening Snap+ Low Pitched diastolic murmur: Mitral stenosis
Late systolic crescendo murmur + midsystolic click: MVP
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Risk factors Diseases

Maternal Diabetes 2 Transposition of the great vessels
NRDS
Maternal Diabetes 1 Anencephaly
Down Syndrome AV valvular regurgitation
(endocardial cushion defects aka
atrioventricular septal defect) and
ASD. From Kaplan: Ostium primum
defects are commonly associated
with down syndrome”
Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral regurgitation
Turner’s Syndrome Coarctation of the aorta and Bicuspid
Aortic valve
DiGeorge Syndrome Truncus arteriosus: Pulmonary
circulation marking
Tetralogy of fallot: boot-shaped
Sickle cells Renal papillary necrosis- hypoxia
promotes sickling
MArfan, Ehlers Danlos, osteogenesis MVP
imperfect
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 Prolonged NSAIDs use lead to chronic interestial fibrosis and

papillary necrosis
 ACE/ARB, Beta Blocker, Spirolactone
 Aldoestrone: remodeling of the heart (a big problem in patients
with CHF)
 KNOW THE MANEUVER
 Pulsus tardes and pulsus parvus: aortic stenosis
 Chromalin: eosinophilic degranulation
 Conn syndrome: hyperaldosteronism-only

 ABCS: branches of the aorta

 Common site for descending aortic dissection: left subclavian artery

 Didanosine: abdominal pain and diarrhea
 Zidovudine: bone marrow suppression
 Acute adrenal insufficiency aka adrenal crisis

 Anterior pituitary: surface ectoderm

 Posterior pituitary: neural ectoderm
 Fanconi anemia: inherited disease with aplastic anemia
 Downey in EBV: large cells that look like they are reaching to other
cells
 Alcohol use is a risk factor for breast cancer
 Atrition Bias????
 The only muscle that attaches to the lesser trochanter is iliopsoas
 Draining of different areas
 Junctions
o Desmosomes: Skin, bulous pempigoid
o Hemidesmosomes: Skin, Pempigoid vulgaris
o Fenestrae: kidney
o Gap junctioins: heart muscles
o Tight junction: GI and Kidney tubules
 KNOW CHEMO MAN

 Ring-shaped and cross-shaped: babesia

 Malaria/plasmodium falciparum: also has cross-shaped
 Tamsilosen (alpha anatagonist) the only one of the –osens that
doesn’t cause orthostatic hypothension
 Fenestride- five-nestride: 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
 You will get miosis and ptosis before you see gaze problems
 Drop metastasis: medulloblastoma
 The two most tumors that affect the optic chiasm: cranial
pharyngioma and pituitary adenoma
 Tamsulosin: unique of its class –osin (Alpha A/D receptor) in that it
is specific for prostate