Presented by:

Dr. Akhlas Ahmed

Lecture # 08
Preston University
Sociometry
 The study of the patterns of inter-
relations among people in groups, and
the process of their measurement.
 Way of mapping preferences among
group members
 Reveal relation of individual to group
 Reveal (sub) structure of group
 Reveal role (s) played by members
 Predict amount / direction of interaction
Leadership: Sociometry
 Network centralization related to power and perceptions
of influence based on who (and which subgroups)
 Communicated with each other most.
 Analysis of underlying structure
-Path between nodes X and Y?
-How many links in path?
-What role (s) does each node play?
 Analysis of underlying structure
 Analysis of message flow in network
-How long to move through network?
-Types of messages?
-Which channels?
Sociometry…
 Historically, it was developed by Jacob L.
Moreno in 1930s.
 It is closely associated with small group
research, where its focuses on interpersonal
choices.
 It is an empirical, phenomenological approach
to the study of group structure.
 Sociometry can serve as a contrast or
complement to the formal study of group
structure through archival records.
sociography
 The term Sociometry refer to research using
quantitative scales.
 It is sometimes called sociography, which is
a method of presenting data about complex
individual relationships and networks in graph
form.
Sociometry Tests
 Sociometry Tests are simply surveys which are
administered to subjects (typically all subjects in a
small group) to determine the direction of certain
relationships.
 This can sometimes be assessed through simple
observation.
 For example, a Sociometry test might ask members of a
department which other members they are most / least
likely to consult on important questions; whom they hold in
highest / lowest esteem; or with whom they most / least
likely to see face-to-face during the previous week.
 In each representation, individuals are depicted as
points.
 Star representation is made up of several lines
pointing toward or away from a central point, which
represents an individual who is involved in relation
ships with each of the other points, and where the
arrows represent relationships such as ignoring,
reciprocation or rejection.
 Chain representations includes a series of
relationships; the pair (a mutually reciprocated
relationship); the power (short for "power behind
the throne," who is the object of attraction of a few
very sociometrically attractive individuals; and the
isolate (a subject not chosen by anyone).
Sociometry Diagrams
TECHNIQUES USED IN
COUNSELING
1. Techniques for getting to know an individual
2. Techniques based on self-expressing
3. Techniques based on others’ views
WHAT IS SOCIOMETRY?
 Socious (in latin) = partner / friend
 Metrum (in latin) = measurment

 The word ‘socimetry’ which comes from

French to our language means as the effects
of social life & friendship on an individual.
WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES
OF APPLYING SOCIOMETRY?
 To learn the interaction & the structure of a group
 To discover where exactly an individual exists in that
group
 To elicit social relationship and the organization type
of a group through analyzing attitudes & aptitudes of
group members among eachother
 To identify subgroups,leaders and cliques of a group
 To obtain objective information about the real structure
of a group and group integrity.
The importance and functions
of Sociometry
 It enables us to learn about the group dynamics
and evaluate socialization levels of students after
some social activities and their effects on reaching
the intended goal.
 It helps school administration,teachers and
counseling department by providing detailed
information about the general structure & the social
relationships of the group by preparing social plans
& programmes to develop them in a better way and
to find solutions to the problems.
 After applying these regulations,groups can be re-
constructed to increase efficiency in their
performance.
AREAS THAT SOCIOMETRY
CAN BE APPLIED
 EDUCATION

 INDUSTRY

 SERVICE AND PUBLIC SECTOR, and

sometimes even in:
 ARMY 
SOME CHARACTER TYPES
OBSERVED IN SOCIMETRY
 Leaders

 Isolatedones
 Rejected ones

 Groups in-pairs

 Cliques

 Relationships in-chain
 Application of Socimetry
A good and clear explanation should be
made to express the aim of the technique
before the application
 A friendly and attentive classroom
atmosphere should be created.
 Class members should have known
eachother since about 6 months to get
valid&reliable results
 It must be applied to the students who can
read and write
Thanks