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Muscle Terminology
8

Terms Indicating Direction Relative to Body Axes:

Anterior (front)
Externus (superficial)
Extrinsic (outside)
Inferioris (inferior)
Internus (deep, internal)
Intrinsic (inside)
Lateralis (lateral)
Medialis/Medius (medial, middle)
Obliquus (oblique)
Posterior (back)
Profundus (deep)
Rectus (straight, parallel)
Superficialis (superficial)
Superioris (superior)
Transversus (transverse)
Terms Indicating Specific Regions:

Abdominus (abdomen)
Anconeus (elbow)
Auricularis (auricle of the ear)
Brachialis (brachium)
Capitis (head)
Carpi (wrist)
Cervicis (neck)
Cleido/clavius (clavicle)
Coccygeus (coccyx)
Costalis (ribs)
Cutaneous (skin)
Femoris (femur)
Genio- (chin)
Glosso/glossal (tongue)
Hallucis (great toe)
Ilio- (ilium)
Inguinal (groin)
Lumborum (lumbar region)
Nasalis (nose)
Nuchal (back of the neck)
Oculo- (eye)
Oris (mouth)
Palpebrae (eyelid)
Pollicis (thumb)
Popliteus (behind the knee)
Psoas (loin)
Radialis (radius)
Scapularis (scapula)
Temporalis (temples)
Thoracis (thoracic region)
Tibialis (tibia)
Ulnaris (ulna)
 Uro- (urinary)
Terms Indicating Structural Characteristics:

Origin:

Biceps (two heads)

Triceps (three heads)
Quadriceps (four heads)
Terms Indicating Shape, Size, and Color:

Alba (white)
Brevis (short)
Deltoid (triangle)
Gracilis (slender)
Lata (wide)
Latissimus (widest)
Longus (long)
Magnus (large)
Major (larger)
Maximus (largest)
Minimus (smallest)
Minor (smaller)
Orbicularis (circle)
Pectinate (comblike)
Piriformis (pear-shaped)
Platys- (flat)
Pyramidal (pyramid)
Rhomboideus (rhomboid)
Serratus (serrated)
Splenius (bandage)
Teres (long and round)
Trapezius (trapezoid)
Vastus (huge or great)
Terms Indicating Direction of Fibers:

Rectus (straight)
Oblique (diagonal)
Transverse (across)
Circularis (circular)
Terms Indicating Body Location:

Brachii (arm)
Gluteus (buttocks)
Infra (below)
Lateralis (lateral)
Pectoralis (chest)
Sub (underneath)
Supra (above)
Terms Indicating Action:

Abduction: moves away from the midline

Adduction: moves closer to the midline
Depressor
Extension: increases the angle of a joint
Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
Levator
Pronation: turns the palm of the hand down
Rotation: moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
Supination: turns the palm of the hand up
Tensor
Dorsiflexion: elevates the foot
Plantar flexion: lowers the foot, pointing the toes

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