Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
I. Overview of Translation
A. Etymology of Translation
B. History of Translation: East and West
C. History of Literary Translation
D. General Purposes
IV. Transliteration
V. Translators
A. Roles of Translators
B. Attributes
OVERVIEW OF TRANSLATION
A. Etymology of Translation
Translation – came from the Latin “translatio” (to carry across), an
adaptation from the Greek’s concept of “metaphrasis” (word-for-
word or literal) vs. “paraphrasis” (saying in other word). In linguistic
approach, these terms are tantamount to formal equivalence vs.
dynamic equivalence.
In usage, verbatim translation is imperfect for words can carry
multiple meaning but both are considered as ideals and possible
approaches in the process of translation.
B. History of Translation
Etymology
Western
Translation practice in 1600 – 1700, translation theorists focused more
on “equivalents” or language meaning counterpart to retain the
essence and beauty of the original literature.
As religion and fanaticism beat its rhythm in the 18th century, Martin
Luther made an axiomatic move to translate religious literature,
particularly the bible towards his native language.
TYPES OF TRANSLATION
A. Language Interpretation
General Definition
Interpretation Translation
Takes a message from a Transfers the meaning of a
source language and renders language format from text to
that message into text
a different target language.
B. Technical Translation
C. Literal Translation
Legal Translation
CONTEXT RETENTION
A. Principles of Translation
Vinay and Darbelnet and their definition of equivalence in
translation
House sets out the types of ST that would probably yield translations
of the two categories. An academic article, for instance, is unlikely
to exhibit any features specific to the SC; the article has the same
argumentative or expository force that it would if it had originated in
the TL, and the fact that it is a translation at all need not be made
known to the readers. A political speech in the SC, on the other
hand, is addressed to a particular cultural or national group which
the speaker sets out to move to action or otherwise influence,
whereas the TT merely informs outsiders what the speaker is saying to
his or her constituency. It is clear that in this latter case, which is an
instance of overt translation, functional equivalence cannot be
maintained, and it is therefore intended that the ST and the TT
function differently.
Abstract
I. Technical procedures:
A. analysis of the source and target languages;
B. a through study of the source language text before
making attempts translate it;
C. Making judgments of the semantic and syntactic
approximations. (pp. 241-45)
Hervey and Higgins (1986) refer to the former as exotism which "is
tantamount to literal translation, and involves no cultural
transposition" (p.29), and the latter as transliteration. However, they
propose another procedure or alternative, as they put it,
namely cultural transplantation. Being considered as "the extreme
degree of cultural transposition," cultural transplantation is
considered to be a procedure in which "SL names are replaced by
indigenous TL names that are not their literal equivalents, but have
similar cultural connotations" (Hervey & Higgins, 1986:29).