In Partial

Fulfillment of
the
requirements
win Mapeh 8

Submitted by: Kristian kyle E. Franco

Submitted to: Sr. Lino Pedres
MUSIC
First Quarter: Music of Southeast Asia

Music of Indonesia

 Indonesian culture is extraordinarily rich. It is as busy and adaptive as its

landscape of the influence of the various neighboring countries and its very
traditional culture is reflected in their music, dance, drama, literature, and
their cuisine.
 The religions found in Indonesia consist of a variety of beliefs with the highest
population claiming to be muslims.

Musical characteristics of Indonesia

Slendro and Pelog are the two different tuning system of scales of Indonesian.

 Slendro is a pentatonic scale or a five tone scale. It is also older of the two
most common scales.

 Pelog is one of the two scales in gamelan music of Indonesia

Second Quarter: Music of East Asia

Music of Japan
Musical elements used in Japanese music

 Tempo- The music of Japan usually begins with a slower pace and gets faster
and gets slower again before moving into a long transition.
 Pitch/Tonal System- Yo-sen and In-sen are the two basic types of scaleds of
Japanese music. Both are pentatonic in nature used in playing koto and
shamisen.

Texture and Rhythm- Japanese music is monophonic, has free rhythms where
they are based with silence as the most significant elemnt of Japanese songs.

Japanese Vocal and Instrumental music

 There are 3 types of traditional Japanese music: court music, instrumental

music, and theatrical music.
 The term Gagaku, which means “elegant and refined music”, has 2 styles: the
instrumental music know as kigaku and the vocal music known as Seigaku.

Examples of solo instrumental pieces

 Sakyoku- is an instrumental solo piece which is usually played with the koto.
 Rokudan-no-shirabe- considered as the oldest kind of solo koto piece but
became popular in shamisen with 3 style varioations.

Examples of ensemble instrumental pieces

 Kangen- in an orchestral music and instrumental ensemble accompanying

the dace in bugaku.
 Sankyoku- This chamber ensemble consists of the 3 famous Japanese musical
instruments namely: Koto, shamisen, and sakukachi.

Different classifications of Japanese musical instruments

 Chordophones: Koto, biwa, shamisen, and wagon.

 Aerophones: Ryuteki, sakukachi, sho and, hichiriki.
 Membranophones: Shimedaiko, taiko, kakko, and shoko.s

Example of Japanese folk song

  Sakura- “Sakura” (Cherry blossoms) is a Japanese folk song which is
considered as an elegant old music where the melody reminds the culture of
an urban or court of life in Japan.

Third Quarter: Music of South Asia and Middle East

Music of India

Musical elements of India

1) Timbre 2) Harmony/Texture 3) Rhythm 4) Melody

Religions and beliefs in India

 Religion is considered to be extremely important. India is known as the “land

of spirituality and philosophy”, and it was the birthplace the birthplace of
some religions that exist in the world.
 India has Islam and Christianity. In Hinduism, their beliefs lay in
reincarnation, various forms of yoga to raise awareness, time as a revolving
circle, karma, mantra, yantras, and other forms of yoga to raise awareness.

Musical characteristics of India

 Hindustani Music- Sometimes called “North Indian classical music”s

 Carnatic Music- Indigenous to the southern part of the India subcontinent,
also called as “Temple music”.

Vocal music of India

 Gangal- is one style which is known for rich romantic and poetic content.
 Lakshan- is a style which is oriented towards musical education.
 Swarmarlika- is used for pedagogic purposes.
 Tamil Nad- speaks of the beauty of the land of Tamils.
 Vijaya- is an example of farewell song.

Example of an Indian song

 “Hymn to Shiva” Is a song with spiritual content. The musical elements found
in the song are usually singed in slow tempo; uses narrow range in melody;
and uses nasal voice in singing.

2 types of classical music in India

  Raga- is a melodic patter that can be ascending and descending in scale where
key notes and phrases bring out the entire character.
 Tala- (which means “clasp”) is a cycle with a fixed number of beats repeated
over and over again.

Fourth Quarter: Traditional Asian Theatre music

Wayang Kulit

 Wayang kulit is one of the most distinctive shadow plays among Asian
dramas which has evolved and grown most fully in Java and Bali.

Distinguishing characteristics of Wayang Kulit

 The Puppets- the sizes of puppets should range from six inches to more than
three feet which are mounted on sticks from the buffalo horn.
 The Characters- the major characters are based on or originated from the two
epic stories of Hinduism; Mahabharata and Ramayana.
 The Dalang- the person in charge of manipulating the figures, narrating the
story, interpreting the character, singing songs, producing sound effect, and
giving cues for the gamelan.

Other needed elements of Wayang kulit

A. Performers
 Dalang- the puppeteer and conductor
 Niyaga- the gamelan musicians
 Pesinden- Javanese female singer with gamelan orchestra
B. Needed equipment for the play
 Wayang kulit- leather puppets
 Gunungan- symbolic scene element
 Kelir- the clothe screen
 Blencong- Javanese oil lamp used in Wayang Kulit
 Gedebok- Javanese trunk of a banana as a place to arrange the puppets
 Kotak kayu- Wooden chest
 Chempala- wooden knockers
 Kepyak- metal rappers
 Gamelan- musical instruments
C. The performance elements
  Sabetan- Javanese puppet movement
 Janturan- Javanese puppeteers narration
 Chariyos- Javanese story or narrative
 Ginem- Javanese dialogue
 Suluk- Havanese mood song
 And etc…

Instruments accompanying the Indonesian Wayang Kulit

 The Gamelan- this ensemble is the heart of art music of Indonesia because it
performs a vital part in establishing the moods and emphasizing the action of
plays.

The gamelan consists of the following instruments:

 Saron- is the basic melodic instrument, an idiophone instrument consisting of

broze keys and played with a wooden mallet.
 Rebab- is a two-stringed bowed and a blown suling flute that enhances the
melody.
 Gender Panerus- in gamelan, it is the highest pitch in the gender family.
 Gender panembung or Slentem- in the gender family, it plays the lowest
pitch and anticipates the theme.

Arts
First Quarter- Arts of Southeast Asia

Thailand

A. Art Forms
 Thai attires’ design varies from every region where influences of varied
religion count.
 The influence of Hinduism is shown in the carved wood hindu goddess,
and a golden figurine of Ganesh, the elephant god.
 The Sukhotai complex is the memorial of the old kingdom, it is one of
Thailand’s cultural symbols.

Basic Characteristics

B. Design
  Simple linear cuts, to fit heir tunics typifies their costumes
 They use floral and animal designs to follow the theme established by the
tenets of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.
 Large golden temples and stupas with projecting roof and tall towers
dominate Thailand’s landscape.
C. Materials
 Silk, cotton, and rayon
 Brass, bronze, clay, wood, porcelain, silver, and gold
 Assortment of lime-stones, clays, sands, and soils as based materials for
the earth tone color of the walls of these structures.
D. Colors
 Pure warm colors of red, yellow, and orange are the favorite to
complement green, violet, and blue.
 The neutral colors of gray, brown, and yellow ochre paint the object and
structures.

Second Quarter- Arts of East Asia

Korean

 The Koreans’ mode of dressing and their folk arts were largely influenced by
the Chinese because the Chinese beliefs and values of Confucianism had
spread and gained roots in Cheoson for a long time.
 The Korean national attire is patterned after the Hand-loose robe style with
long loose sleeves.

Art elements and principles used in the arts and crafts of Korea

A. Country and their Art forms

 The Hanbok and Choson- Their design maintains the traditional robe and
skirt design.

 The deities Haesik (sun god) and Daelim (Moon

goddess) held adoration in religion through
 sculptures.
B. Design
 Plain sheet of fabric
 Repetition of image for example floral or geometric shapes, is emphasized to
show dominance and movement
C. Materials
 Cotton, rayon, and silk
 Paper, bamboo-sheets, brass, porcelain, ceramics, jades, silver, gold ,wood,
limestone, iron, and clay.
D. Colors
 Vibrant colors such as red, yellow, orange and their mixtures.
 Vibrant light colors and subdued colors are used to depict the character of a
particular god and goddess.

Third Quarter- Arts of South, West, and Central Asia

Iran

Iranian Art

 Iranian Art or Persian Art has one of the richest art heritages in world history.
It excels in many forms of art like architecture, painting, weaving, pottery,
calligraphy, metalworking, and stonemasonry.

(Elements and principles of art used in the arts and crafts of Iran)

A. Architecture- Iranian architecture has been supreme during the pre-end and
post-Islamic periods.
B. Painting- Iranian artists as Manichaeus, Kamaleddin Behzad, Soltan
Mohammad, and more have gained a place in Iranian art history.
C. Folk Art- Iranian folk art consists of: Carpet Weaving, Engraving, Relief and
Latticework.

Fourth Quarter- Festivals and theatrical forms of Asia

Indonesia

Wayang Kulit Show: The masterpiece of Javanese performance arts

 The Indonesian theater is greatly influenced by Shamanism, Buddhism,

Hinduism, and Islam.
  Early influence on Indonesian theater includes improvisational poetry games
and trace-dancing led by shamans.
 The recitation of Javanese epics derived from two great Sanskrit works of
India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, were part of religious rites from
the 9th to the 14th centuries and also played a role in theater’s development.

Wayang Kulit

 Wayang is the term for puppetry, a popular theater in Indonesia, A dalang

(puppet master) manipulates all the puppet, recites improvised narration and
dialogue, and cues the gamelan orchestra.

Art of puppetry

 Puppets are sculpted from wood, painted on scrolls, or something carved out
of animal hide.
 Human actors sometimes do the puppetry themselves as they move in a
puppet like style.

P.E
First Quarter- Lifestyle and weight management for school and family fitness

Health-related physical fitness

 Health-related fitness is those definite components of fitness associated with

good health.
 This is related to the overall term “fitness” which is defined as a capacity of an
individual who has a sufficient energy to do his daily task without fatigue.

Why is physical fitness important in relation to health?

 Physical fitness is significant to health because it reduces the risk of health-

related illnesses. With the absence of illnesses, you’ll be able to do your daily
activities.

Components of health-related fitness

 Cardiovascular Fitness is the capacity of the heart and lungs to sustain oxygen
to the muscles for a prolonged period of time.
  Muscular endurance refers to the ability of the muscles to work over a
prolonged period of time without fatigue.
 Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can exert
against an opposing force.
 Flexibility is the ability to move a body part through full range of motion at a
joint.
 Body Composition is the ratio of the body fat to lean body mass.

Second Quarter- Fitness and Health through Sports

Physical Fitness

 Physical fitness is basically the ability of each individual to do his/her daily

task efficiently and comfortably without experiencing fatigue and have some
reserves in emergency situations.

What are the reasons or barriers why people do not have progress in fitness?

1. A person does not have goals.

2. No schedule set for training.
3. Improper diet associated with exercise.
4. No monitoring of progress.

How can we progress in fitness and in health?

1) Make exercise a part of your habit.

2) Set reachable goals.
3) Support exercise routine with healthy lifestyle.
4) Get a workout partner.
5) Make sure that you have time to work out even on your rest day.

What are the components of Physical fitness?

 Agility is the ability to move and change direction and position of the body
quickly and effectively with controlled movement.
 Coordination is the linking of senses through the brain to the different parts
of the body to produce smooth, quick, and efficiently- controlled movement.
 Power is the ability to exert maximum force very quickly, like the initial take-
off from sprinting and baseball training.

Third Quarter- Team sports Fitness improvement

 Basketball

 The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield,

Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a
less injury-prone sport than football. The game became established fairly
quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in
America and then throughout the
world.
 The game of basketball as it is
known today was created by Dr.
James Naismith in December 1891
in Springfield, Massachusetts, to
condition young athletes during
cold months.
 Basketball is a team sport. Two
teams of five players each try to
score by shooting a ball through a
hoop elevated 10 feet above the
ground. The game is played on a
rectangular floor called the court,
and there is a hoop at each end.
The court is divided into two main
sections by the mid-court line. If
the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten
seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense
gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it
can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it
does, the defense is awarded the ball.

Fourth Quarter- Folk Dances for fitness

Binislakan

Nature and background of binislakan

 Binislakan is a dance from Pangasinan. Lingayen literally means to look

backward and upward which was derived from Chinese “Li-kung-tung”.
 The folks from Pangasinan dance in commemoration of the Chinese pirate
who lived with them named Limahong.
  This dance displays the movement of looking backward and upward with the
sticks to produce rhythm imitating Chinese chop sticks.
 In Pangasinan, the use of stick is called “Binislakan”.

Binislakan dance properties

A. Costumes
 Girls- Kimono and Diego with loose, long sleeves and soft handkerchief.
 Boys- Camisa de chino with traditional red pants.
B. Music- Composed of two parts music in 2/4 time signature.
C. Dance Classification- Social Dance

Health
First Quarter- Learning more about Family Health

Family Health: Teenage Concerns

What is adolescence?

 Adolescence is a period when a person undergoes a lot of changes. Primarily,

teenagers experience physical changes that are very observable.
 This period may bring about many issues that teenagers may be curious
about. Their reaction or attitudes on these issues may have a great influence
on their life. One of these is human sexuality.

What is human sexuality?

 Human sexuality may be defined as the measure of the maleness and

femalenesses in one’s individuality and physical makeup.

To better understand human sexuality, it is important that we understand the words

that are associated with sexuality such as sex and gender.

 Sex refers to the biological characteristics of being a boy or a girl as evidenced

by the eternal and internal reproductive parts.
 Gender refers to the behavior and attitudes that are expected to be shown on
a person’s sex.
Male and Female Reproductive parts

Male Female

Second Quarter- Learning more about Family Health

Dating, Marriage, Courtship

What is dating?

 Dating is a way to know more about new acquaintances and extend the
friendship that has started.

What is courtship?

 Courtship is the period when the couple has already established their
romantic relationship as boyfriend and girlfriend and decided to bring it on a
more serious level.

Why is courtship and dating important in choosing a life-long partner?

 Courtship and dating give the couple the opportunity to regularly meet each
other and have the chance to really know each other’s personalities.

What is marriage?

 Marriage is defined as the most committed male-female relationship. It is also

a legal contract held together by bonds of intimacy and sharing.

Attitudes and behavior that promote healthy relationship in marriage and family life
  Speak up, be supportive, Compromise, Respect, and respecting each other’s
Privacy.

What are the factors that contribute to a successful marriage?

 Shared religion beliefs, Faithfulness

 Good housing, Adequate income
 Happy sexual relationship, Children
 Shared household chores, shared tastes and interests, and Agreement on
politics.

Third Quarter- Learning more about the Prevention of Diseases and Disorders

Infections, Morbidity, and Mortality

What is Infection?

 Infection is a condition in which pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses,

enter the body and multiply.
 Infectious or communicable diseases can spread from one living to another.

What are the stages of Infection?

1) Incubation stage is the time between the exposure to a contagious disease

and the appearance of symptoms.
2) Prodromal stage generally lasts about one or two days, during which the
body reacts to the presence of pathogen.
3) Acute stage is the period when the disease is at its highest point that the sign
and symptoms can be clinically tested to diagnose the disease.
4) Declining stage is the period when symptoms start to subside and the
patient may feel improvement but still cannot return to doing normal
activities.
5) Convalescent stage is when the patient recovers his/her strength and
returns to his/her normal state of health.

Leading causes of Mortality and Morbidity in the Philippines

Morbidity discusses the disease state of an individual, or the occurrence of illness in

a population; while Mortality is the number of death in a population.

Top 10 Leading causes of Mortality

 1) Certain conditions in the prenatal period – 11,514
2) Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, and nephrosis – 13,799
3) Diabetes Mellitus – 22,345
4) Chronic lower respiratory diseases – 22,755
5) Tuberculosis, all forms – 25,470
6) Accidents – 35,990
7) Pneumonia – 42,642
8) Malignant Neoplasms – 47,732
9) Diseases of the vascular system – 65,489

10) Diseases of the Heart – 100,908

Top 10 Leading causes of Morbidity

1) Diseases of the Heart – 37,589

2) Injuries – 51,201
3) TB Respiratory – 72,516
4) Urinary Tract Infection – 83,569
5) Influenza – 272,001
6) Acute Water Diarrhea – 326,551
7) Hypertension – 345,412
8) Bronchitis – 351,126
9) Pneumonia – 586,186

10) Acute Respiratory Infection – 128,289,186

Fourth Quarter- Prevention of substance and abuse

Gateway Drugs and Cigarette

What are gateway drugs?

 Gateway drugs are habit-forming substances that may not be addictive but
may lead to the use of other addictive and dangerous drugs.
 Gateway drugs are inexpensive and readily available.
 Alcohol and cigarettes are considered as gateway drugs.
 People who use gateway drugs are encouraged to experiment with other
drugs.
What is a cigarette?

 A cigarette is a cylindrical; rolled paper containing dried and shredded

tobacco leaves.
 A cigarette also contains approximately 600 other ingredients. The smoke
coming from it contains more than 7,000 chemicals, 69 which are
carcinogenic or cancer causing substances.
 Its main component is Nicotine, a stimulant that is highly addictive

Reasons why people smoke

1) Peer pressure
2) Parental influence
3) Advertising and media
4) Self-medication
5) Weight control
6) To feel mature and sophisticated
7) Risk-taking behavior

Negative impacts of Smoking

 Cigarette smoking affects every part of the body, both inside and out. The
harmful chemicals found in cigarettes and in cigarette smoke damage the ells
and every organ of the body.

Mainstream smoke, Second-hand smoke, and Third-hand smoke

 Mainstream smoke is smoke that is inhaled into the smoker’s mouth and
lungs. Toxic ingredients enter the body directly in the mouth.
 Second-hand smoke is also called Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). It is
the mixture of smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette and the
smoke exhaled by the smoke.
 Third-hand smoke is the residue from cigarette smoke found in clothes,
furniture, and other surfaces after the cigarette has been put out