SFC ALERT: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT APPLICATION

FOR SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION

EDGAR P. EISMA

DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID LA UNION CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NOVEMBER 2016
 ABSTRACT

EISMA, EDGAR P. (2016). “SFC ALERT: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

APPLICATION FOR SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION”. Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology. Capstone Project. Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State
University – Mid La Union Campus, College of Information Technology, City of San
Fernando, 2500, La Union, November 2016.

Adviser: PERLA VANESSA L. SOBREPEÑA

This study focused on the development of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management
Application for San Fernando City, La Union which can be used as a tool by the CDRRMC
of San Fernando City, La Union to provide emergency response information to the
residents within the city that are in need of help. Specifically, it sought answers to the
following objectives: (1) to determine different units of CDRRMC to respond to a specific
kind of disaster or emergency; (2) to develop a multi-platform emergency management
application for San Fernando City, La Union using the Agile Model-driven Development
Model; and (3) to determine the level of usability of the SFC Alert: Emergency
Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union. Descriptive and
developmental research design with Agile Model-driven Development Model was used in
the development of the system. The two groups of respondents were CDDRRMC personnel
and the client barangay. A total of 10 respondents from CDRRMC which includes 1
administrator (City Planning and Development Coordinator) and 9 representatives of the
different units of CDRRMC. The second group with a total of 15 barangay captains which
includes 5 representatives in each of the top five barangays that are prone to flood,
landslide and tsunami. Data gathering tools such as interview, documentary analysis, and
survey questionnaire were used with the System Usability Scale (SUS) for determining the
level of usability of the developed system. Findings of the study showed that the City
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council composed of different units that could
respond in the needs of people before, during and after the occurrence of a disaster or
emergency are (1) City Administrator, (2) City General Services, (3) City PNP, (4) City
BFP, (5) Rescue and Engineering, (6) Public Safety, (7) City Media Bureau, (8) City
Health Office and (9) City Social Welfare and Development; SFC Alert: Emergency
Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union was developed through the use
of Agile Model-driven Development Model; the level of usability of the SFC Alert:
Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union has an average
SUS score of 90.60 which is described as very highly usable.

Keywords: multi-platform emergency management application, agile model-driven

 INTRODUCTION

Disasters or any kind of emergencies may occur anytime and anywhere. Natural

calamities and man-made disasters happened unexpectedly and could affect our society

tremendously. As such, it is very important that people should have enough knowledge of

the preventive strategies to avoid and or minimize the impact of a disaster. Quick response

to a disaster would prevent occurrence of damages on assets and casualties.

As defined at the City Ordinance No. 2011-06 series of 2011 of the City of San

Fernando, La Union, disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or

a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and

impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its

own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure

to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or

measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may

include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental

and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of

services, social and economic disruption and environmental degradation.

Considering the word of Do Boer (2012), there are four types of disaster which

includes environmental emergencies, natural disasters, pandemic disasters, and complex

disasters. The major disasters naturally may include earthquake, cyclone, flood, and

drought. Minor disasters naturally include storm, heat waves, cold wave, mud slides, and

thunderstorm. The major disasters that may occur in man made activities include
deforestation, fires, setting of fires, and pollution due to their prawn activities. Minor man

made occurrence of disasters may include accidents on the roads or trains.

General response to any disaster is thereby in terms of rescue and relief operations

which are after the event. If we are well and adequately prepared, it is very easy to reduce

the impact of that disaster. There can be reduction of the impact through being aware by

understanding well the preventive actions, together with having knowledge of particular

tools and techniques; at the time of disaster event these tools and techniques can be used

to control total damage to belongings and life. The biggest problem and very sad thing is

the way a disaster occur; they occur with swiftness and suddenness hence, for a disaster

serenity to be reduced, the response has to be swift equally and proper emergency

management should be considered.

According to Pentangelo (2013), emergency management is the practice of dealing

with and avoiding risk. It involves preparing for disaster before it happens, disaster

response such as emergency evacuation, quarantines, mass decontamination as well as

supporting, and rebuilding communities after a disaster has occurred. The signicant factors

in emergency management are prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.

Disaster Prevention as defined by Pearce (2013) are the activities that are designed

for provision of permanent disasters protection. Not every disaster can be prevented and

particularly natural disasters; the loss risk of injury and life can be only mitigated with

plans of good evacuation, design standards and environmental planning. Identifying the

hazard locations is one of the first steps to do. Once identified, possible strategies should
be done to prevent the occurrence of those hazardous locations once a calamity strikes.

Prevention can lessen casualties as well as damages to the society including establishments

due to disasters.

Pearce also discussed disaster preparedness as an activity for life loss and damage

minimization. Preparedness is the best way of reducing disasters impact which includes

activities such as relocation, rescue, water and food provision, preventing disability and

disease, repair of vital services like transport, provision of temporary shelter and health

care emergency.

As defined at the City Ordinance No. 2011-06 series of 2011 of the City of San

Fernando, La Union, response is any concerted by two or more agencies, public or private,

to provide assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life

preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of

essential public activities and facilities.

Statement of Objectives

The study focused on the development of the SFC Alert: Emergency

Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union which can be used as a tool

by the CDRRMC of San Fernando City, La Union to provide emergency response

information to the residents within the city that are in need of help.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following objectives:

1. To determine different units of CDRRMC in the city to respond to a specific

kind of disaster or emergency;

 2. To develop a multi-platform emergency management application for San

Fernando City, La Union using the Agile Model-driven Development Model;

and

3. To determine the level of usability of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management

Application for San Fernando City, La Union through the use of System

Usability Scale (SUS).

Time and Place of the Study

The study was conducted at the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council

(CDRRMC) of the City of San Fernando, La Union School Year 2015-2016.

 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researcher used the Descriptive and Developmental type of research in the

development of SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City,

La Union.

Descriptive Research according to Penwarden (2014), is conclusive in nature, as

opposed to exploratory. This means that descriptive research gathers quantifiable

information that can be used for statistical inference on your target audience through data

analysis. As a consequence, this type of research takes the form of close-ended questions

which limits its ability to provide unique insights. However, when used properly it can

help an organization better define and measure the significance of something about a group

of respondents and the population they present.

The descriptive method of research was utilized in the study to determine different

units of CDRRMC that will respond to a specific kind of disaster or emergency and level

of usability of the multi-platform application.

According to James (2011), Developmental Research seeks to create knowledge

grounded in data systematically derived from practice. It is a pragmatic type of research

that offers a way to test “theory” that has been only hypothesized and to validate practice

that has been perpetuated essentially through unchallenged tradition. In addition, it is a way

to establish new procedures, techniques, and tools based upon a methodical analysis of

specific cases. As such, developmental research can have a function of either creating
generalizable conclusions or statements of law, or producing context-specific knowledge

that serves a problem solving function.

The developmental research design was used in the study for the creation of the

SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union using

the Agile Model-driven Development Model.

Materials and Procedures

The study was conducted at the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council

(CDRRMC) of San Fernando City, La Union. As shown in table 1, the two groups of

respondents were CDDRRMC personnel and the client barangay. A total of 10 respondents

from CDRRMC which includes 1 administrator (City Planning and Development

Coordinator) and 9 representatives of the different units of CDRRMC. The second group

with a total of 15 barangay captains which includes 5 representatives in each of the top five

barangays that are prone to flood, landslide and tsunami. They were chosen as respondents

because they were the target users of the system.

The different units of CDRRMC to respond to a specific kind of disaster or

emergency were determined through an interview with the coordinator of the City Planning

and Development Office of CDRRMC, City of San Fernando, La Union.

The level of usability of the proposed system was determined with the use of survey

questionnaires.
Table 1. Distribution of Respondents

Respondents Population

Group 1 – CDRRMC
Administrator
City Planning and Development Coordinator 1

CDRRMC Units Representative

City Administrator Representative 1
City General Services Representative 1
City PNP Representative 1
City BFP Representative 1
Rescue and Engineering Representative 1
Public Safety Representative 1
City Media Bureau Representative 1
City Health Office Representative 1
City Social Welfare and Dev’t Representative 1

Group 2 – Client
Barangay Captains 15

Total 25

The following tools were used to gather information for the study:

For Objective 1, the researcher conducted an interview with the coordinator of the

City Planning and Development Office of CDRRMC, City of San Fernando, La Union to

determine different units of CDRRMC to respond to a specific kind of disaster or

emergency. An interview guide (See Appendix B) was used for this activity.
 For Objective 2, the researcher used the Agile Model-driven Development Model

to develop SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City, La

Union. It is consists of the six phases which are Preliminary Investigation, Problem

Analysis, Decision Analysis, Design, Construction and Implementation.

Preliminary Investigation

Problem Analysis

Decision Analysis

Design

Construction

Implementation

Figure 1. Agile Model-driven Development Model

 Preliminary investigation is the intial phase to come up with exploration for the

requirements and come to an overall strategy of the project. To start with, the researcher

gathered all the data on the different units of CDRRMC to respond in a specific kind of

disaster or emergency that includes in this stage.

Problem analysis defines as the thorough study of the problem with the objectives

to understand it further and how it grew to its current situation. In this stage, the researcher

identified the functional and non-functional requirements of the system.

Decision analysis defines on how to make appropriate decisions and how to

manage the data and information for the development. On this stage, the researcher

finalized all the requirements and came up a solution for the problem.

Design Phase is the application of logical conceptualization of the requirements is

to be executed. In this stage, the researcher designed and developed models and prototypes

that represents all the system processes, outputs and inputs which includes the Use Case,

Activity, and Class Diagram.

Construction Phase is the actual process of developing the system. The

participation of the client will be needed in order to suggest collaboration with the

programmer and propose improvements and also to give possible changes in the system

requirements if there are. On this stage, the researcher developed a multi-platform

emergency management application.

 Implementation Phase was the result of all the processes involved in the

development. In this phase, the researcher presented the developed multi-platform

emergency management application to the City Planning and Development coordinator

wherein inputs and suggestions were made and then, the researcher updates the application.

For Objective 3, the level of usability of the developed multi-platform emergency

management application was determined using the System Usability Scale (SUS) .

According to Thomas (2015), SUS is the most popular standardized usability questionnaire

developed about 20 years ago at Digital Equipment Corporation by John Brooke. It’s

popular for two reasons: it’s free and short (at only 10 questions). This is the process of

taking a set of ordinary questions and making it into a psychometrically valid and reliable

standardized questionnaire. It is a reliable tool for measuring the usability of the SFC Alert

wherein it consists of a 10-item questionnaire with five response options for respondents;

from strongly agree to strongly disagree. (See Appendix C)

Data Analysis

For Objective 1, documentary analysis was used to determine different units of

CDRRMC to respond to specific kind of disaster or emergency.

For Objective 3, in determining the level of usability of the developed multi-

platform emergency management application, System Usability Scale (SUS) was used. To

calculate the SUS score, first sum the score contributions from each item. Each item’s score

contribution will range from 0 to 4. For items 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 the score contribution is the

scale position minus 1. For items 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, the contribution is 5 minus the scale
position. Multiply the sum of the scores by 2.5 to obtain the overall value of system

usability.

The means in the range of 62.51 – 100 were described as Marginal High and Usable,

thus they represent that the system met the client’s requirements. On the contrary, means

ranging from 0.00 – 62.50 were described as Marginal-Low and not usable.

Figure 2. Mean SUS score ratings corresponding to the seven adjective ratings
 As stated by Bangor, Kortum and Miller (2009), the SUS score can be interpreted

as to adjective ratings (see Figure 2). Seven ratings can be interpreted for the SUS score,

these are: ‘Best Imaginable’, ‘Excellent’, ‘Good’, ‘Ok’, ‘Poor’, ‘Awful’, and ‘Worst

Imaginable’. The goal of the multi-platform application is to have at least a ‘Good’ rating.

To identify the level of usability of the multi-platform emergency management

application based on the SUS seven adjective ratings, a likert scale was used as shown

below.

SUS Score Range SUS Adjective Rating Descriptive Interpretation

87.52 – 100.00 Best Imaginable Very Highly Usable

75.02 – 87.51 Excellent Highly Usable

62.51 – 75.01 Good Usable

47.89 – 62.50 Ok Moderately Usable

31.26 – 47.88 Poor Fairly Usable

15.64 – 31.25 Awful Not Usable

0.00 – 15.63 Worst Imaginable Very Not Usable

A descriptive interpretation was established in line with the SUS adjective ratings

which includes Very Highly Usable (Best Imaginable), Highly Usable (Excellent), Usable

(Good), Moderately Usable (Ok), Fairly Usable (Poor), Not Usable (Awful), Very Not

Usable (Worst Imaginable). The application aims to have at least a “Usable” descriptive

interpretation.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Different units of CDRRMC of the City of San Fernando, La Union

CDRRMC
City of San Fernando, La Union

UNITS

City Administrator City General Services Public Safety

City PNP City BFP Rescue and Engineering

City Social Welfare and

City Media Bureau City Health Office
Development

The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) of the city has

an organizational structure in responding to any kinds of disaster or emergency. Based from

the data provided to the researcher, the CDRRMC is using the Unified Incident Command

System (UICS) structure, an on-scene response and management mechanism, responsible

in addressing disasters or emergencies, incidents, special events and other situations

approaching crisis level (Executive Order No. 12-2015) that refers to “CSFLU EO

SARIPDA”. The CDRRMC composed of different units that could respond in the needs of

people before, during and after the occurrence of a disaster or emergency are (1) City

Administrator, (2) City General Services, (3) City PNP, (4) City BFP, (5) Rescue and
Engineering, (6) Public Safety, (7) City Media Bureau, (8) City Health Office and (9) City

Social Welfare and Development. The City Administrator is in-charge in the overall

management of all the reports received by the Admin. They transmits any report to the

concern unit or agency to respond on the event of disaster or emergency. In the onset of

any disaster or emergency, the City General Services takes responsible in the delivery of

appropriate services to the affected family or individual. They assure that every individual

or family get the right service for their situation. For the security of victims or affected

individual, the City PNP takes charge in assuring the safety of all people in the society.

The City BFP is responsible in the response in case of fire. In the occurrence of any natural

disaster or emergency, the Rescue and Engineering is in-charge in saving or keeping people

away from danger. The Public Safety observes and implement rules and policies that will

secure the rights and safety of every individual in all public places. The City Media Bureau

serves as the medium between the event and the people. It plays a big role to educate people

of what is happening in the real time and prepares them of the worst thing to happen. The

lead agency in response is the City Social Welfare and Development. It provides food and

non-food items to affected individuals and families that will progressively help them

survive.

The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) which serves

as the Advisory and Coordination Level of the UICS has the functions to: (1) Make policy

decisions (2) Establish priorities (3) Resolve critical resource issues (4) Mobilize and track

resources (5) Collect, analyze and disseminate information.

 The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council is attached to different

units in response on the need of people in the onset of any disaster or emergency. These

units of CDRRMC could provide the immediate need, secure safety and decrease the

number of casualties as possible. The different departments connected to CDRRMC could

be a responsive user and/or administrator of the system. The system will be an asset to the

different agencies and will probably become a strength.

The Developed SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application

for San Fernando City La Union

Overview of the System

The SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application is a mobile and web-based

application designed for the City of San Fernando, La Union. It has the features to provide

emergency response information with its three system interfaces, the client whose refers to

the residents of the city, administrator refers to CDRRMC and the agencies integrated to

CDRRMC in response to any disaster or emergency. Through this application, an

intervention between agencies and the administrator can be established. With this,

immediate response will be executed.

The SFC ALERT: Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City, La

Union contains preparedness information for all types of disasters. The offline features

which include (1) Safety Tips on how to survive natural and man-made disasters; (2)

Emergency Checklist; (3) Map View for Hazard Locations in case of flood and landslide

and a map of Disaster Resources for assistance which indicates designated evacuation
areas; (4) Emergency Hotlines of the different agencies and barangays within the city that

people may contact in case of emergency (5) Compass; and (6) Strobe Light, these tools

can be accessed by all users. Online feature includes Disaster Reporter that allows people

to upload and share their disaster-related photos with captions. This multi-platform

application will offer a systematic approach towards better guidance and preparation of all

relevant agencies and departments at all levels of governance, and other nongovernmental

institutions to serve San Fernando City, La Union citizens at their best in addressing

emergency situations.

Functional Requirements

1. User Account Registration Module

This module enables the user to create an account by providing the required

fields for personal and account information. In this module, user must provide

unique account information to secure its confidentiality.

2. Log In Module

This module requires the account information provided by the user in the

creation of his account by providing the username and password. This module is

created to secure that only authorize users can access the online features of the

mobile application.

3. Approve User Module

This module contains the request sent by the user with his personal

information that will serve as basis by the administrator in the approval or rejection
 of the request. This module links the user to access pertinent features of the mobile

application.

4. Tools Module

This module presents the different offline tools that users can access and

could be used in times of disaster or emergency. The different tools such as Safety

Tips, Emergency Checklist, Map View, Emergency Hotlines, Compass and Strobe

Light are essential parts of the mobile application.

5. Disaster Reporter Module

This module requires the user to create an account. Disaster Reporter

Module is an online feature that enables user to send a report message including a

photo and location of the present occurrence of a disaster or emergency.

6. Play Module

This contains a quiz game that entertains user and at the same time impart

additional knowledge that can be used in the future. It has three levels to choose

from which contains different levels of difficulty.

7. Disaster Reports Generation Module

This module shows the verified and rumored reports sent by the user after

further evaluation of the administrator if it is true or fraud. It generates the actual

number of reports received by the administrator that could be serve in the future as

reference in the formulation of preventive strategies.

 8. Alert Agency Module

This module allows the administrator to forward a verified disaster report

to the concerned units of CDRRMC or other agency for an immediate response to

the said report. Using this module, the administrator serves as medium to connect

the reporter to the right units that could address their needs.

9. Report Message Module

This module enables the concerned units of CDRRMC to provide and state

the actions taken to a certain disaster or emergency reported. Report message

module was created for the administrator to monitor the status and progress of all

verified reports. This module presents the effective and efficient collaboration,

communication and coordination of all the units of CDRRMC and its connecting

agencies.

10. Feedback Module

This module gives the chance to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency

of the mobile application by the users. It accepts criticisms of users for its

improvement and positive feedbacks which shows appreciation on the different

features of the application.

Non- Functional Requirements

The following information describes the hardware and software requirements

needed for the development and implementation of the developed system.

Hardware Requirements

The following are the minimum hardware requirements for the system.

For Mobile App:

 1.6 Gigahertz (GHz) processor

 At least 1 Gigabyte (GB) RAM

 At least 500 Megabyte (MB) hard disk space

For administrator and agency (Web App):

 1 Gigahertz (GHz) processor

 At least 2 Gigabyte (GB) RAM

 At least 20 Gigabyte (GB) hard disk space

Software Requirements

The following are the minimum software requirements for the system.

Implementation:

Server

 32 bit Windows OS (7/8)

 WAMP Server 2.5

 Web Browsers (Google Chrome recommended)

Mobile App

 Android OS 4.0 and up

  IOS

 Windows OS

 Blackberry OS

Level of Usability of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for San
Fernando City, La Union

No. of Respondents Total Score SUS Score Rating Descriptive

I Interpretation

25 906 2265 Best Imaginable Very Highly Usable

Grand Mean 36.24 90.60 Best Imaginable Very Highly Usable

The level of usability of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for

San Fernando City La Union was measured using the SUS (System Usability Scale)

questionnaire. The SUS score was calculated by getting the total score contributions from

each item and then multiply by the sum of the scores by 2.5. The ratings were then be added

for each SUS score. CDRRMC administrator, CDRRMC units respresentative and the

Barangay Captains of the barangays that are prone to flood, landslide and tsunami of the

City of San Fernando, La Union participated in the evaluation. The assessment of the level

of usability of the developed multi-platform application is presented in Table 2. It shows

that the respondents generally evaluated the SFC Alert: Emergency Management

Application for San Fernando City La Union as “Best Imaginable”, which means that the

system is “Very Highly Usable” with an average SUS score of 90.60. SUS score implies

that the respondents are within the same notion of what they perceived on the level of

usability of the system. This strengthens the idea of Sauro and Lewis (2009) that the factors
like user experience can dramatically affect with the system with the inclusion of domain

products or requirements that are vital to the system.

The study came up with the following salient findings:

1. The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) of the City of

San Fernando, La Union composed of different units that could respond in the needs

of people before, during and after the occurrence of a disaster or emergency are

(1) City Administrator, (2) City General Services, (3) City PNP, (4) City BFP, (5)

Rescue and Engineering, (6) Public Safety, (7) City Media Bureau, (8) City Health

Office and (9) City Social Welfare and Development.

2. SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union

was developed through the use of Agile Model-driven Development Model.

3. The level of usability of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management Application for

San Fernando City, La Union has an average SUS score of 90.60 which is described

as very highly usable.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were taken:

1. The different agencies connected to CDRRMC could be a responsive user and/or

administrator of the system. The system will be an asset to the different agencies

and will probably become a strength.

 2. It is proven that the development of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management

Application for San Fernando City, La Union using Agile Model-driven

Development Model is efficient and effective.

3. The developed system is described as very highly usable, therefore, it achieved the

intended purpose and objective of the SFC Alert: Emergency Management

Application for San Fernando City, La Union and ready to use.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions, the following are hereby recommended:

1. The CDRRMC could adopt this system to develop a more convenient, effective and

efficient way of delivering services and be able to meet its goal using a user friendly

multi-platform application.

2. The Agile Model-driven Development Model must be used for the development of

a multi-platform applications or systems like emergency management application

as it is proven to be effective in the development of the SFC Alert: Emergency

Management Application for San Fernando City, La Union.

3. Trainings and orientation for the end users should be undertaken to guide them

properly on the effective use of the developed emergency management application.

The developed system should also be regularly monitored as to its usability to the

end users.

4. City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) of the City of San

Fernando, La Union may assign an IT administrator that will handle the

management of the application.

5. Future researches can be made to further improve the features of developed multi-

platform emergency management application.

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