Time

Station Astronomical time

Longitude -87.6667 UT Days since J2000.0 680.975000
Latitude 41.4833 Julian centuries 0.018644
Time zone 0.0 Mean LST 134.995167
DST 0.0

Local date and time

Year 2001
Month 11
Day 12
Hour 11
Minute 24
Horizon coordinates

Station Object
Longitude -1.9167 RA J2000 (decimal hrs) 5.24227778
Latitude 52.5000 Dec J2000 (decimal degrees) -8.2016667
Time zone 0.0
DST 0.0 RA (date) 5.244199
Dec (date) -8.199037
Local date and time
Year 2002 Hour Angle 162.815236
Month 05 Latitude 52.5000
Day 26
Hour 00 Azimuth 336.21
Minute 00 Altitude -43.53

Astronomical parameters
UT Days since J2000.0 875.500000
Julian centuries 0.023969884
Mean LST 241.478221
deg rad sin cos
78.63417 1.372425
-0.143146

1.372928
-0.1431 -0.142612 0.989779

2.841662 0.295454 -0.955357

0.916298 0.793353 0.608761
A' y x
5.867983 -0.415202 -0.178023 0.403835
-0.759807 -0.688782 0.724969
Rise, transit and set of a star
Mathematical horizon - no allowance for refraction

Station Star
Longitude 0.0000 RA J2000 (decimal hrs) 5.67916667
Latitude 52.5000 Dec J2000 (decimal degrees)
Time zone 0.0
DST 0.0 RA (date) 5.68088858
Dec (date)
zone date
Year 2002 Transit time (zone) 22.5265527
Month 01 Semi-diurnal arc 5.83054158
Day 07

Day number and LST of zone midnight

UT Days since J2000.0 736.500000
Julian centuries 0.020164
Mean LST 106.389904
deg rad sin cos
85.1875 1.486802
-1.95 -0.034034

85.21332875 1.487253
-1.9491 -0.034017 -0.034011 0.999421

337.898290
87.45812371 1.526432 0.04435
Planet positions
Positions referred to equinox and mean ecliptic of J2000.0. Geocentric coords based on method on Paul Schlyter's page

Station Results
Longitude 0.0000 RA Dec R (au)
Latitude 41.4833 Mercury 10.097 12.45 1.1258
Time zone 0.0 Venus 8.226 20.77 1.7227
DST 0.0 Mars 22.932 -13.35 0.4259
Jupiter 9.761 14.34 6.3260
Local date and time Saturn 6.503 22.49 9.8911
Year 2003 Uranus 22.269 -11.59 19.1115
Month 07 Neptune 20.957 -17.22 29.0706
Day 30 Pluto 17.149 -13.54 30.0146
Hour 00
Minute 00

Astronomical time
UT Days since J2000.0 1305.500000
Julian centuries 0.035743
Mean LST 307.223255

Mean elements (J2000.0)

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
a 0.3871 0.7233 1.0000 1.5237 5.2034 9.5370 19.1913 30.0689 39.4817
e 0.2056 0.0068 0.0167 0.0934 0.0484 0.0541 0.0472 0.0086 0.2488
i 7.0046 3.3947 -0.0004 1.8504 1.3053 2.4845 0.7698 1.7691 17.1419
Om 48.3272 76.6708 -11.4416 49.5684 100.5682 113.6992 74.2466 131.7202 110.3031
w 77.4621 131.5319 102.9591 336.0563 14.7622 92.4126 170.9773 44.9630 224.0654
L 194.7991 113.5611 307.1770 319.5784 142.8741 93.6402 328.5474 312.6883 244.1189
Position in orbit 117.3370 342.0292 204.2179 343.5221 128.1120 1.2276 157.5701 267.7253
Mean anomaly 2.0479 5.9695 3.5643 5.9956 2.2360 0.0214 2.7501 4.6727 0.3500
True anomaly (rads) 2.3691 5.9653 3.5508 5.9360 2.3093 0.0239 2.7842 4.6555 0.5871
True anomaly (degs) 135.7401 341.7878 203.4472 340.1072 132.3137 1.3702 159.5250 266.7426 33.6378
Radius Vector (au) 0.4348 0.7187 1.0153 1.3884 5.3660 9.0208 20.0338 30.0814 30.6818
Heliocentric coords 117.3370 342.0292 204.2179
 X -0.3631 -0.2838 0.6026 1.0009 -4.5032 -0.5978 17.4352 20.0132 -5.8458
Y -0.2386 0.6598 -0.8171 -0.9611 2.9168 9.0000 -9.8639 -22.4580 -29.7231
Z 0.0138 0.0254 0.0000 -0.0448 0.0887 -0.1332 -0.2615 0.0002 4.8721
Geocentric ecliptic coords
X' -0.9657 -0.8863 0.0000 0.3984 -5.1058 -1.2004 16.8326 19.4107 -6.4483
Y' 0.5785 1.4769 0.0000 -0.1440 3.7339 9.8171 -9.0468 -21.6408 -28.9060
Z' 0.0138 0.0254 0.0000 -0.0448 0.0887 -0.1332 -0.2615 0.0002 4.8721
Geocentric equatorial coords
rads sin cos
J2000.0 obliquity 23.4393 0.4091 0.3978 0.9175

Xe -0.9657 -0.8863 0.3984 -5.1058 -1.2004 16.8326 19.4107 -6.4483

Ye 0.5253 1.3449 -0.1143 3.3905 9.0600 -8.1963 -19.8552 -28.4587
Ze 0.2428 0.6108 -0.0983 1.5666 3.7828 -3.8385 -8.6080 -7.0280
declination (rads) 0.2174 0.3624 -0.2330 0.2502 0.3924 -0.2022 -0.3006 -0.2363
right ascension (rads) 2.6434 2.1535 6.0037 2.5554 1.7025 5.8300 5.4865 4.4896
dec (degs) 12.4545 20.7665 -13.3498 14.3382 22.4852 -11.5865 -17.2240 -13.5418
ra (hours) 10.0972 8.2257 22.9324 9.7609 6.5031 22.2691 20.9568 17.1489
Planet positions
Positions referred to equinox and mean ecliptic of J2000.0. Geocentric coords based on method on Paul Schlyter's page
Using the osculating elements for the planets valid for July 30th 2003
Format of the element section matches that of the element table in the AA and the Kiev online almanac

Station Results
Longitude 0.0000 RA Dec R (au)
Latitude 41.4833 Mercury 04:39:51 20:52:23n 1.1420
Time zone 0.0 Venus 04:42:29 21:32:12n 1.6395
DST 0.0 Mars 22:18:23 14:29:10s 0.6272
Jupiter 09:14:30 16:49:52n 5.9869
Local date and time Saturn 06:08:56 22:36:56n 10.0446
Year 2003 Uranus 22:19:60 11:12:22s 19.5671
Month 06 Neptune 21:01:21 16:56:21s 29.3478
Day 20 Pluto 17:12:40 13:27:06s 29.6729
Hour 00
Minute 00

Astronomical time
UT Days since J2000.0 1265.500000
Julian centuries 0.034648
Mean LST 267.797360

Osculating elements yr m d since J2K since date

Date of elements 2003 7 30 1305.5 -40.00

Planet i O p a n e M
Mercury 7.00502 48.37336 77.51167 0.387097 4.0923671 0.2056369 117.33903
Venus 3.39472 76.71161 131.60374 0.723331 1.6021334 0.0067367 342.00670
Earth 0.00007 243.36859 102.99250 1.000000 0.9856096 0.0167123 204.23538
Mars 1.84957 49.58266 336.10284 1.523701 0.5240279 0.0935572 343.51593
Jupiter 1.30364 100.54118 14.88558 5.202056 0.0831091 0.0489507 127.96583
Saturn 2.48551 113.66668 93.84391 9.581041 0.0332389 0.0574197 0.10457
Uranus 0.77187 73.86906 169.43754 19.130024 0.0117799 0.0499317 159.21100
Neptune 1.77101 131.82616 69.44961 29.947586 0.0060141 0.0095951 243.28084
 Pluto 17.16704 110.28895 223.54140 39.446486 0.0039782 0.2491465 20.38981

Heliocentric positions
M' V r x y z
Mercury 313.6443 293.3884 0.3427 0.3354 0.0658 -0.0254
Venus 277.9214 277.1559 0.7227 0.4758 0.5436 -0.0201
Earth 164.8110 165.3028 1.0161 -0.0302 -1.0157 0.0000
Mars 322.5548 315.3913 1.4160 0.5184 -1.3171 -0.0403
Jupiter 124.6415 129.0966 5.3549 -4.3303 3.1490 0.0838
Saturn 358.7750 358.6235 9.0310 -0.3916 9.0214 -0.1416
Uranus 158.7398 160.6999 20.0261 17.3654 -9.9709 -0.2621
Neptune 243.0403 242.0656 30.0800 19.9377 -22.5233 0.0050
Pluto 20.2307 33.9475 30.6609 -5.9480 -29.6762 4.9024

Geocentric ecliptic positions

x y z
Mercury 0.3656 1.0815 -0.0254
Venus 0.5061 1.5593 -0.0201
Earth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mars 0.5486 -0.3014 -0.0403
Jupiter -4.3001 4.1647 0.0838
Saturn -0.3614 10.0371 -0.1416
Uranus 17.3956 -8.9552 -0.2621
Neptune 19.9679 -21.5076 0.0050
Pluto -5.9178 -28.6605 4.9024

Geocentric equatorial coordinates (J2000.0)

xe ye ze r ra(deg) ra(h) dec(deg)

Mercury 0.3656 1.0024 0.4069 1.1420 69.9606 4.664 20.8732
Venus 0.5061 1.4386 0.6018 1.6395 70.6191 4.708 21.5366

Mars 0.5486 -0.2605 -0.1569 0.6272 334.5957 22.306 -14.4862

Jupiter -4.3001 3.7878 1.7335 5.9869 138.6244 9.242 16.8310
 Saturn -0.3614 9.2652 3.8626 10.0446 92.2337 6.149 22.6154
Uranus 17.3956 -8.1120 -3.8026 19.5671 334.9991 22.333 -11.2060
Neptune 19.9679 -19.7348 -8.5506 29.3478 315.3364 21.022 -16.9390
Pluto -5.9178 -28.2456 -6.9027 29.6729 258.1670 17.211 -13.4517

Equatorial coords (precessed to equinox and ecliptic of date using an approximate formula)
Planet positions
Positions referred to equinox and mean ecliptic of date. Geocentric coords based on method on Paul Schlyter's page
Using the osculating elements for the planets valid for July 30th 2003 calculated using the planeph program

Station Results
Longitude 0.0000 RA Dec R (au)
Latitude 41.4833 Mercury 18:27:22 25:34:53s 1.2685
Time zone 0.0 Venus 14:26:18 11:42:29s 0.4570
DST 0.0 Mars 14:20:53 13:10:08s 2.2009
Jupiter 09:22:39 16:06:09n 4.6983
Local date and time Saturn 05:42:46 22:03:36n 8.0557
Year 2002 Uranus 21:52:17 13:41:19s 20.4119
Month 12 Neptune 20:45:38 17:58:04s 30.7313
Day 12 Pluto 17:09:31 13:41:20s 31.5575
Hour 21
Minute 51

Astronomical time
UT Days since J2000.0 1076.410417
Julian centuries 0.029471
Mean LST 49.171711

Osculating elements yr m d since J2K since date

Date of elements 2003 7 30 1305.5 -229.09

Planet i O p a n e M
Mercury 7.00502 48.37336 77.51167 0.387097 4.0923671 0.2056369 117.33903
Venus 3.39472 76.71161 131.60374 0.723331 1.6021334 0.0067367 342.00670
Earth 0.00007 243.36859 102.99250 1.000000 0.9856096 0.0167123 204.23538
Mars 1.84957 49.58266 336.10284 1.523701 0.5240279 0.0935572 343.51593
Jupiter 1.30364 100.54118 14.88558 5.202056 0.0831091 0.0489507 127.96583
Saturn 2.48551 113.66668 93.84391 9.581041 0.0332389 0.0574197 0.10457
Uranus 0.77187 73.86906 169.43754 19.130024 0.0117799 0.0499317 159.21100
Neptune 1.77101 131.82616 69.44961 29.947586 0.0060141 0.0095951 243.28084
 Pluto 17.16704 110.28895 223.54140 39.446486 0.0039782 0.2491465 20.38981

Heliocentric positions
M' V r x y z
Mercury 259.8204 238.1517 0.4159 0.2951 -0.2886 -0.0507
Venus 334.9746 334.6456 0.7189 -0.2006 0.6901 0.0210
Earth 338.4425 337.7249 0.9845 0.1588 0.9716 0.0000
Mars 223.4666 216.6857 1.6329 -1.5920 -0.3618 0.0316
Jupiter 108.9264 114.1220 5.2955 -3.3325 4.1151 0.0574
Saturn 352.4899 351.5643 9.0362 0.7197 9.0056 -0.1855
Uranus 156.5123 158.6685 20.0132 16.9900 -10.5734 -0.2595
Neptune 241.9031 240.9386 30.0850 19.4943 -22.9147 0.0233
Pluto 19.4784 32.7376 30.5876 -6.5403 -29.4504 5.0498

Geocentric ecliptic positions

x y z
Mercury 0.1363 -1.2602 -0.0507
Venus -0.3594 -0.2815 0.0210
Earth 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mars -1.7508 -1.3334 0.0316
Jupiter -3.4913 3.1435 0.0574
Saturn 0.5609 8.0340 -0.1855
Uranus 16.8312 -11.5450 -0.2595
Neptune 19.3355 -23.8863 0.0233
Pluto -6.6991 -30.4220 5.0498

Geocentric equatorial coordinates (J2000.0)

xe ye ze r ra(deg) ra(h) dec(deg)

Mercury 0.1363 -1.1360 -0.5477 1.2685 276.8423 18.456 -25.5815
Venus -0.3594 -0.2667 -0.0927 0.4570 216.5765 14.438 -11.7079

Mars -1.7508 -1.2359 -0.5014 2.2009 215.2189 14.348 -13.1690

Jupiter -3.4913 2.8612 1.3031 4.6983 140.6642 9.378 16.1024
 Saturn 0.5609 7.4448 3.0255 8.0557 85.6913 5.713 22.0599
Uranus 16.8312 -10.4892 -4.8304 20.4119 328.0690 21.871 -13.6887
Neptune 19.3355 -21.9245 -9.4800 30.7313 311.4094 20.761 -17.9677
Pluto -6.6991 -29.9203 -7.4681 31.5575 257.3798 17.159 -13.6889

Equatorial coords (precessed to equinox and ecliptic of date using an approximate formula)
Sun coordinates
Series given in Astronomical Almanac page C24 and explanatory supplement - equinox and ecliptic of date

Station Sun coordinates

Longitude -1.9167 Ecliptic longitude (l) 270.606
Latitude 52.5000 Ecliptic latitude (b) 0.000
Time zone 0.0 Right ascension (a) 18.044
DST 0.0 Declination (d) -23.437
Equation of time (E) 1.4
Local date and time Earth-Sun distance (R) 0.983666
Year 2002 Semidiameter (d) 16.262
Month 12
Day 22 Accuracy
Hour 15 Good to 0.01 degree for 50 years either side of J2000
Minute 21

Astronomical time
UT Days since J2000.0 1086.139583
Julian centuries 0.029737
Mean LST 319.344538

Sun series Degs Rads cos sin

Mean longitude (L) 271.01166 4.73005 0.01766 -0.99984
Mean anomaly (g) 348.02750 6.07423 0.97825 -0.20744
Ecliptic longitude (l) 270.60629 4.72297 0.01058 -0.99994
Ecliptic latitude (b) 0.00000
Obliquity of the ecliptic (e) 23.43857 0.40908 0.91749 0.39777
f, t 57.29578 0.04303
Right ascension (a) 270.66071
Declination (d) -23.43717 -0.40906
Equation of time (E) degs 0.35095 1.40380
Earth-Sun distance (R) in au 0.983665537
Semidiameter 0.271027082
and ecliptic of date

degs
by definition
hrs 270.6607
degs
minutes
au
arcminutes

years either side of J2000

 sunr

Sunrise
Iteration method - not good for latitudes higher than 60 degrees

Station Output hrs hh:mm

Longitude -1.9167 Event UT 12.373 12:22
Latitude 67.4000 Event zone time 12.373 12:22
time zone 0 Days since J2000 1088.5000
DST 0 Centuries 0.02980
Local date
Year 2002
Month 12
Day 25
Event Notes
Required alt -0.833 Set B11 to -18 for astronomical twilight,
Rise or set -1 and -12 for nautical twilight, -6 for civil twilight
Set B12 to -1 for setting events, or 1 for rising events

Calculation tables (formulas in radians)

1st iter 2nd iter 3rd iter 4th iter
L 4.770633 4.779469 4.779502 4.779502
G 6.114829 6.123664 6.123697 6.123697
ec -0.005716 -0.005419 -0.005417 -0.005417
lambda 4.764918 4.774050 4.774084 4.774084
E 0.001009 -0.000102 -0.000106 -0.000106
obl 0.409086 0.409086 0.409086 0.409086
delta -0.408488 -0.408262 -0.408262 -0.408262
GHA 0.001009 0.085309 0.097375 0.097419
cosc 0.998598 0.997957 0.997955 0.997955
correction 0.052967 0.063926 0.063967 0.063967
utnew 3.227003 3.239073 3.239118 3.239118
new centuries 0.029816 0.029816 0.029816 0.029816

Seconds change ### -0.613628 -0.002269

Page 16
 sunr

mical twilight,
t, -6 for civil twilight
ents, or 1 for rising events

note - conversion to radians

must be kept to full 16 digits for L
otherwise serious errors

Page 17
Sun and moon altitude during a given day
Based on a spreadsheet idea by Thomas Kraus

Station data
90.0
Lat 75
84.0
Long -1.917
78.0
TZ 0
72.0
DST 0
66.0

Date 60.0

Year 2003 54.0

Month 1 48.0
Day 7 42.0
36.0
30.0
24.0
18.0
Moon phase 12.0
% lit 22.5 6.0
0.0
-6.0
Sun
-12.0
Moon
-18.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Keith Burnett kburnett@btinternet.com

http://www.btinternet.com/~kepler/

See also Thomas Kraus's collection of astronomical Excel spreadsheets at

http://www.astroexcel.de/
Moon ephemeris
Re-worked from a BASIC program by George Rosenberg (ALPO), with libration and topocentric corrections from Meeus and other formulas from Duffett-Smith

Station Altitude of Sun over selected features

Longitude -1.9167 Lunar feature Lat Long Alt
Latitude 52.5000 Plato (centre) 51.6 -9.4 34.6
Time zone 00 Albategnius -11.2 4.1 53.3
DST 00 Alphonsus -13.7 -3.2 59.3
Archimedes 29.7 -4.0 50.1
Local date and time Arzachel -18.2 -1.9 56.2
Year 2002 Cleomedes (north of Mare Crisium) 27.7 55.5 2.6
Month 12 Copernicus 9.7 -21.1 75.5
Day 22 Cyrillus -13.2 24.0 33.8
Hour 00 Deslandres -32.5 -5.2 49.7
Minute 00 Endymion 53.6 56.5 0.8
Eratosthenes 14.5 -11.3 65.1
Numerical Results Eudoxus 44.3 16.3 28.4
Geocentric Topocentric Fabricus -42.9 42.0 12.6
Co-longitude of Sun 121.28 Maurolycus -41.8 14.0 32.1
Libration in latitude (Bo) -5.0 -4.6 Messier -1.9 47.6 11.1
Libration in longitude (Lo) -5.2 -4.8 Montes Apenninus 20.0 -3.0 55.5
Sub solar point (Ls) 328.7 Montes Caucasus 39.0 8.0 36.5
Sub solar point (Bs) -0.6 Pitatus (within Mare Nubium) -29.8 -13.5 56.2
Longitude of terminator (+ Crisium) 58.7 Ptolemaeus -9.2 -1.8 59.4
Nature of terminator sunset Rupes Recta -22.0 -7.0 58.1
Illuminated Fraction 0.948 Theophilus -11.4 26.4 31.7
PA of bright limb 93 Tycho -43.4 -11.1 43.6
Parallactic angle -32 Werner -28.0 3.3 47.0
PA of axis 12
RA 7.934
Dec 24.669
Alt
Azimuth