AMAL JYOTHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KANJIRAPPALLY

Internet Technology and

Distributed Applications

Multimedia

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Internet&audio/video
DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Streaming stored audio/video refers to

on-demand requests for compressed
audio/video files.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Streaming live audio/video refers to

the broadcasting of radio and TV
programs through the Internet.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Interactive audio/video refers to the

use of the Internet for interactive
audio/video applications.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
DIGITIZING AUDIO AND VIDEO
Before audio or video signals can be sent on the Internet, they need to be
digitized.

•Digitizing Audio
•Digitizing Video

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Compression is needed to send video

over the Internet.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
AUDIO AND VIDEO
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
COMPRESSION
To send audio or video over the Internet requires compression.

•Audio Compression
•Video Compression

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
JPEG& DISTRIBUTED
gray scale APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
JPEG& DISTRIBUTED
process APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Case 1: uniform gray scale& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET
Case 2: twoTECHNOLOGY
sections & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Case 3: gradient gray scale& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 Reading the
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY table
& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
MPEG & DISTRIBUTED
frames APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 MPEG frame
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY construction
& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
STREAMING STORED
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
AUDIO/VIDEO
We turn our attention to a specific applications called streaming stored
audio and video. We use four approaches to show how a file can be
downloaded, each with a different complexity.

First Approach: Using a Web Server

Second Approach: Using a Web Server with Metafile
Third Approach: Using a Media Server
Fourth Approach: Using a Media Server and RTSP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 Using a&Web
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY server APPLICATIONS
DISTRIBUTED

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET Using
TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED
a Web server APPLICATIONS
with a metafile

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 Using a media
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY server APPLICATIONS
& DISTRIBUTED

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET Using
TECHNOLOGY
a media&server
DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
and RTSP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
STREAMING LIVE
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

AUDIO/VIDEO

In streaming live audio/video the stations broadcast

through the Internet. Communication is multicast and
live. Live streaming is better suited to the multicast
services of IP and the use of protocols such as UDP
and RTP.

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
REAL-TIME INTERACTIVE
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
AUDIO/VIDEO

In real-time interactive audio/video, people

communicate visually and orally with one another in
real time. Examples include video conferencing and
the Internet phone or voice over IP.

Characteristics

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
Time relationship

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Jitter is introduced in real-time data by

the delay between packets.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY Jitter
& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 26

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 Timestamp
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

To prevent jitter, we can timestamp the

packets and separate the arrival time
from the playback time.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 Playback
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY buffer
& DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

A playback buffer is required for

real-time traffic.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 Ordering
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

A sequence number on each packet is

required for real-time traffic.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Real-time traffic needs the support of

multicasting.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 Translation
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Translation means changing the

encoding of a payload to a lower
quality to match the bandwidth
of the receiving network.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 Mixing
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

Mixing means combining several

streams of traffic into one stream.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

TCP, with all its sophistication, is not

suitable for interactive multimedia
traffic because we cannot allow
retransmission of packets.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

UDP is more suitable than TCP for

interactive traffic. However, we need
the services of RTP, another transport
layer protocol, to make up for the
deficiencies of UDP.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

RTP INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is the

protocol designed to handle real-time traffic on
the Internet.
RTP does not have a delivery mechanism; it must
be used with UDP.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 RTP
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
RTP packet&header
DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
format

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Table 25.1 Payload types

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

RTP uses a temporary even-numbered

UDP port.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
RTCP

Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)

is a protocol that allows messages that control
the flow and quality of data. RTCP has five
types of messages.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED
RTCP message typesAPPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Note:

RTCP uses an odd-numbered UDP

port number that follows the port
number selected for RTP.

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
VOICE OVER IP

Voice over IP, or Internet telephony is an application

that allows communication between two parties over
the packet-switched Internet. Two protocols have
been designed to handle this type of communication:
SIP and H.323.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

H.323

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 SIP &messages
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

The caller initializes a session with the INVITE message.

After the callee answers the call, the caller sends an ACK
message for confirmation.
The BYE message terminates a session.
The OPTIONS message queries a machine about its
capabilities.
The CANCEL message cancels an already started
initialization process.
The REGISTER message makes a connection when the
callee is not available

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

SIP formats

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 SIP simple
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY session APPLICATIONS
& DISTRIBUTED

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Tracking&the
DISTRIBUTED
callee APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 H.323 architecture
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 H.323 protocols
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 H.323 example
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally

 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS
Video On Demand (VOD)

Video On Demand (VOD) is a feature of digital cable

that allows you to rent movies and programs from the
comfort of your home.
You can pause, fast-forward or rewind these
programs

Video on demand (VOD) or audio and video on demand

(AVOD) are systems which allow users to select and
watch/listen to video or audio content when they choose to,
rather than having to watch at a specific broadcast time

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

VoD-related applications are,

Providing Video Films on Demand

Local News and Weather Forecasting
Games, Music and Leisure
Education and Remote Learning Facilities
Home Shopping and Other Consumer Services
Banking

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

56
Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY & DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

The video server to store and provide access to

programmes, the data delivery network to interconnect the
subscriber and the user-endset-top box to interface home
TV equipment with the VoD services.
Prerecorded videos be digitally stored in a video server.
These videos are then transmitted in a coded, compressed
format.
After the videos are ordered, they are decoded and
decompressed by set-top converters in individual homes.
In preliminary demonstrations, picture quality has been
equal to standard VHS.

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Department of Computer Applications, AmalJyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally