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Design and Cost Comparison Between Frame &


Shear Walls Structural Systems for Multi Story
Buildings

Article · April 2008

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Tarek Edrees Saaed


Luleå University of Technology
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- - -

( ) Frame System
Shear Wall
:
. .1
. .2
. .3
. .4
.
. :

Design and Cost Comparison Between Frame & Shear Walls


Structural Systems for Multi Story Buildings
Tarek Edrees Saaed
Assistant Lecturer - College of Engg. Univ. of Mosul

Abstract

The goal behind this research is to highlight on structural systems using shear walls; this
approach is widely used in many countries, due to its desired features,. Shear walls are often
considered issential in the design of building to resist seismic action.
The research includes designing a multi story building according to a specific plan using
frame system and other one for the same building using shear walls, then comparing between
the two designs to determine the main differences in between the two design. The research
focused on the following points:
1. maximum displacement of the two cases.
2. Quantity of concrete for the construction.
3. Reinforcement steel for the construction.
4. Quantity of formwork, and the required duration to implement each system. The
results show that Shear Wall System is the best alternative system.

Key words : Structural System , Shear Wall , Frame System , Multi Storey Design

2008/4/29 2007/11/6
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Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

: -1

:( ) 1-1
((1) ) beam
.
.
(20-15)
. [1] (15-10)

.
(beams)

(beams)
. [2]

. [1] : ( 1)

: 2-1

.((2) ) .
.

...

.
.

35
:

: ( 2)

. [1] : ( 3)

( 30-20 )
. ( 20-15)
:

: 3-1
.((3) )
. (60-30)
. (35-20)

.
. [1]

36
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

: -2

,( )
. 6.0 ( 8,7,6,5,4)

Y
X Y
X

Z
Z

: (5) : (4)

: 1-2
:
0.2 (1-1-7) [3]
2
) 0.3 0.06
0.6 (
0.30 0.50
0.3 0.40
0.1 1.0
. 0.4
(Fc = 25 Mpa)
.(fy = 400 Mpa)
( ) :
: 2005 ACI 9.5 9.5 a

400 350
. 0.3 = 325 450

37
:

9.5.3.3 :
150 mm ( 180 / ) 125 mm ACI 2005
.
9.5 c :
fy ACI 2005 9.5
: ( Drop panel )

, (125.0 mm )
fy = 420 Mpa (150.0 mm)

. (200.0 mm )
ACI 2005 14.5.3 :
100 ( ) 1/25
: mm 190 mm

. 150 =
0.01
. 6.0 2.0 1.0

Staad.Pro 2006 (5)


:
: 2- 2
.
) 3 kN/m2 :
(
:
6 20 kN/m.l
) kN/m2
(
.( & )

: 3-2
2
) 5 kN/m
(
STAAD PRO 2006
UBC 1985 (Uniform Building Code )
: ( (1) )

38
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

1 2 3 4 5 6
6
A
c1 c2 c2 c2 c2 c1

6
B
c2 c3 c3 c3 c3 c2

C
c2 c3 c3 c3 c3 c2

c1 c2 c2 c2 c2 c1
D

Columns plan
All dimensions in meter
: ( 6)
1 2 3 4 5 6
6
A

B5 B7 B7

C
B8 B9 B 10

B4 B6 B6

B1 B2 B3
D

Beams plan
All dimensions in meter

: ( 7)
39
:

1 2 3 4 5 6

6
A
w23 w9 w24 w10 w11 w25 w12 w26

6
w21 w22
w7 w8
B

w17 w18

w5 w6
C
w19 w20

w13 w1 w14 w2 w3 w15 w4 w16


D

Shear wall locations plan


: ( 8)

. [6],[5],[4] : (1)

0.2 Z .1
1.0 I .2
1.0 K .3

ELEMENT LOAD = 11.0 kN/m2


: ELEMENT LOAD
=D.L + 25 % L.L
=3.0 (F.L.) + 6.0 (Wall D.L) +0.25x 5.0 (L.L) 11.0 kN
.
: [8],[7] Load Combination 4-2
.
U = 1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L
.
U = 1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L(1,2)

. (X & Z )
U = 1.2 D.L + 1.0 L.L+ 1.0 E
(X & Z )
.
U = 1.2 D.L + 1.0 E

40
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

: (2)

. : (2)
LOAD CASE NO. LOADTYPE
1. Load 1 Gravity
2. Load 2 Dead - (F.L.)
3. Load 3 Live -(TOTAL L.L.)
4. Load 4 Live (L.L.1)
5. Load 5 Live (L.L.2)
6. Load 6 Seismic +ve X- dir.
7. Load 7 Seismic -ve X - dir.
8. Load 8 Seismic +ve Z- dir.
9. Load 9 Seismic -ve Z - dir.
Load combination (Ultimate)
10. Load combination 10 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 3 x1.6
11. Load combination 11 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 4 x 1.6
12. Load combination 12 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 5 x 1.6
13. Load combination 13 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 3 x 1.0 + 6 x 1.0
14. Load combination 14 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 3 x 1.0 + 7 x 1.0
15. Load combination 15 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 3 x 1.0 + 8 x 1.0
16. Load combination 16 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 3 x 1.0 + 9 x 1.0
17. Load combination 17 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 6 x 1.0
18. Load combination 18 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 7 x 1.0
19. Load combination 19 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 8 x 1.0
20. Load combination 20 1 x 1.2 + 2 x 1.2 + 9 x 1.0
Load combination (Working)
21. Load combination 21 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 3 x 1.0
22. Load combination 22 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 4 x 1.0
23. Load combination 23 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 5 x 1.0
24. Load combination 24 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 3 x 1.0 + 6 x 1.0
25. Load combination 25 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 3 x 1.0 + 7 x 1.0
26. Load combination 26 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 3 x 1.0 + 8 x 1.0
27. Load combination 27 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 3 x 1.0 + 9 x 1.0
28. Load combination 28 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 6 x 1.0
29. Load combination 29 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 7 x 1.0
30. Load combination 30 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 8 x 1.0
31. Load combination 31 1 x 1.0 + 2 x 1.0 + 9 x 1.0

41
:

: -3
( Working Loads ) (5,4,3)
20 15.0

.
a- Frame System
. : (3)

b – Shear Wall
. 15 – : (4)

. 20 – : (5)

42
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009
Node 11142
Node 5624

. -b . 15 – -a

. 20 – -c

Node 9821

. (Y) : (9)

Frame System 1-3

: (6)

. : (6)
Frame Sytem
Unit Columns Beams Slabs Sum
Concrete Volume m3 227.0 308.0 732 1267
Steel Required ton 45.3 52.0 81.5 178.8
Wooden Form Area m2 1545 2052.0 4880 8648
Shear Wall Sytem
A- Shear Walls Slabs Sum
(15 cm thick) (20 cm thick)
Concrete Volume m3 234.0 1080.0 1314.0
Steel Required ton 108.5 92.5 201
2
Wooden Form Area m 3354.0 5400.0 8754

B- Shear Walls Slabs Sum


(15 cm thick) (15 cm thick)
Concrete Volume m3 234.0 810.0 1044.0
Steel Required ton 108. 5 92.5 201
Wooden Form Area m2 3354.0 5400.0 8754

43
:

44
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

45
:

46
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

47
:

48
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

: (11)
. 15.0

Surface
HeightX Thick. Volume Steel for wall Steel for wall
Items Wall Area
Length (m) (m) (m3) ( X – Dir.)(kg) ( Y – Dir.)(kg)
(m2)
.1 W1 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897** 1826
.2 W2 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.3 W3 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1539
.4 W4 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1329
.5 W5 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 1372 1329
.6 W6 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1539
.7 W7 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.8 W8 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 1372 1329
.9 W9 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1539
.10 W10 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1329
.11 W11 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.12 W12 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1329
.13 W13 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.14 W14 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 1372 1329
.15 W15 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.16 W16 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.17 W17 31.0X6.0 0.15 27.0 369.0 1372 1329
.18 W18 31.0X6.0 0.15 27.0 369.0 2897 1826
.19 W19 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.20 W20 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.21 W21 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.22 W22 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.23 W23 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.24 W24 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.25 W25 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.26 W26 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
234.0 3354.0 66782 41701

49
:

: (12)
. 20.0

Surface
HeightX Thick. Volume Steel for wall Steel for wall
Items Wall Area
Length (m) (m) (m3) ( X – Dir.)(kg) ( Y – Dir.)(kg)
(m2)
.1 W1 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287** 1329
.2 W2 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.3 W3 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.4 W4 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1539
.5 W5 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.6 W6 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.7 W7 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.8 W8 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.9 W9 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.10 W10 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.11 W11 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1539
.12 W12 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.13 W13 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1539
.14 W14 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 1372 1329
.15 W15 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 1372 1329
.16 W16 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1329
.17 W17 31.0X6.0 0.15 27.0 369.0 2897 1539
.18 W18 31.0X6.0 0.15 27.0 369.0 2897 1539
.19 W19 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.20 W20 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.21 W21 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.22 W22 31.0X2.0 0.15 9.0 129.0 2897 1826
.23 W23 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2897 1826
.24 W24 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 1372 1329
.25 W25 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 1372 1329
.26 W26 31.0X1.5 0.15 6.75 99 2287 1539
234.0 3354.0 66172 42485

50
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

.( ) : (11)

51
:

.( ) 20 : (12)
52
Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.17 No.1 Feb. 2009

: -4
.1
.
.2
.
%10 (15 ) .3
. %5
20 15 .4
( )
. 15

: -5
.

-6
.(2000) " " .1
.(1995) ," " .2
.1995 – .3
4. Naiem F., "The Seismic Design Handbook",Van Nostrand Reinhold (Structural
Engineering Series), pp. 449.
5. Temsah Y. and Jaber L., "Introduction to Building Stability and Bridge Design", Dar El
– Rateb Al – Jamiah, pp. 165.
6. Alsinawi A.S., "Seismological Engineering Considerations of the Eastern Arab Region",
ALGER, October 8-10 2001. pp. 1 – 13.
7. McCormac G.J., "Design of Reinforced Concrete", 5th ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
2001, pp. 590.
8. Paulay T. and Park R., "Reinforced Concrete Structures", John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
1975, pp. 631.

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