Physiography of

Sumatra
Microplate boundaries

Pertamina and Beicip (1985)

Tectonic setting of
Sumatra

Simandjuntak and Barber (1996)

AWANG H. SATYANA - BPMIGAS
 Katili (1975)

AWANG H. SATYANA - BPMIGAS

Geodynamic
framework of
Sumatra
subduction

Malod and Kemal (1996)

AWANG H. SATYANA - BPMIGAS

Tectonic setting
of Sumatra

Darman and Sidi (2000)

 North Sumatra Basin

Central Sumatra Basin

South Sumatra Basin

Sedimentary basins of Sumatra

Stratigraphy of Sumatra back-arc basins Samuel and Gultom (1986)
Murphy (2000)
 North Sumatra Basin
• The basin is notable for the first commercial oil field- the Telaga Said field
(discovered 1885) and the giant Arun gas field.
• The basin is extremely large and extends from just north of Medan northwards
for several hundred kms into the Andaman Sea and across the Thailand-
Indonesia border.
• The Indonesian sector of the basin is bordered to the west by the Barisan
Mountain thrust system and to the east by the stable Malacca platform.
• Onshore sector of the basin has been extensively explored, however,
remaining potentials include : gas-filled Peutu carbonate buildups, Belumai
buildups on the Malacca shelf, Baong and Keutapang stratigraphic play,
lowstand turbidite-fan systems of middle Miocene (Tsukada et al., 1996;
Nur’aini et al. 1999), latest Oligocene Bampo fan systems, syn-rift Parapat in
graben deeps, Eocene Tampur carbonates (Ryacudu and Sjahbuddin, 1994).
• Relatively unexplored northern deepwater (> 1000 m water depth) sector of the
basin merits further investigation.

Awang H. Satyana (2005)

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
 North Sumatra Basin

Pertamina and Beicip (1985)

Generalized
physiography and
productive HC
discoveries of the
North Sumatra
basin

Netherwood (2000)
Cross section across Barisan uplift and
Southern NSB

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

Cross section across North Sumatra Basin

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

Cross section across NE corner of Barisan uplift

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

Davies (1984)
Pertamina and Beicip (1985)
Pertamina and Beicip (1985)
 Stratigraphic
nomenclature
of North
Sumatra Basin

Caughey and Wahyudi (1993)

North
Sumatra
stratigraphy

Davies (1984)
Chronostratigraphic scheme for northern part of the North Sumatra Basin
Stratigraphy and Petroleum System of North Sumatra Basin
Petroleum
system of
North
Sumatra
basin
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Deepwater North Sumatra Basin
 Central Sumatra Basin
• The Central Sumatra Basin is the most prolific oil basin
in SE Asia. Reserves estimates for the basin of 13
BBOE ultimately recoverable, of which 2.5 BBO remain
to be recovered (Sujanto, 1997).
• The basin is mature with respect to HC exploration with
a simple and essentially single petroleum system
operating.
• New ideas are required if further fields are to be
discovered and trend of declining production to be
halted.

Awang H. Satyana (2005)

Basement
tectonostrati-
graphic map

Pertamina and
BPPKA (1996)
Basement tectonostratigraphic correlation chart Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
 Central Sumatra Basin

Pertamina and Beicip (1985)

Top basement structure map Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Mertosono and Nayoan (1974)
Katz and Dawson (1997)
Eocene –
Oligocene F1
(45 Ma-26 Ma)
regional
structure map

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

 Miocene –
Recent F2-F3
(26 Ma-0 Ma)
structure map

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Pertamina and
BPPKA (1996)
Mertosono and Nayoan (1974)
Central
Sumatra
tectono-
stratigraphic
chart

Pertamina and
BPPKA (1996)
 Stratigraphic
nomenclature
of Central
Sumatra Basin

Wain and Jackson (1995)

Central Sumatra petroleum system events chart
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Cross plot of TOC and hydrogen index (HI)
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Kerogen assemblage dominated by fluorescent amorphinite (A)
and degraded, freshwater Botryococcus (FWA) in Brown Shale
formation, Central Sumatra basin.
Netherwood (2000)
Brown shale
isopach map
in Pematang
trough

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

Central Sumatra regional heat flow map
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
 Paleogene
depocenters,
generalized
structure and oil
field distribution
for the Central
Sumatra basin

Praptono et al. (1991)

Field distribution
along regional,
north-south
trending dextral
transcurrent faults
in the coastal
plains block of
Central Sumatra

Heidrick and Aulia (1993)

Netherwood (2000)
Sihapas reservoir of Bekasap formation in Minas field

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

F2 – F3 Duri field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
F2 – F3 East Kayuara field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
F2 – F3 Kotabatak field and seismic profile

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

F2 – F3 Lalang field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
F2 – F3 Libo SE field and seismic profile

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

F2 – F3 Lirik field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
F2 – F3 Melibur field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
F2 – F3 Minas field and seismic profile

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

F2 – F3 Parum field and seismic profile

Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)

F2 – F3 Petani field and seismic profile
Pertamina and BPPKA (1996)
Stratigraphic
Correlation of
Central and South
Sumatra Basins
 South Sumatra Basin
• The basin contains diverse petroleum systems, with both oil
and gas being sourced from lacustrine and fluvio-deltaic
terrestrial facies.
• Limited potential still remains for the traditional Talang Akar
and Batu Raja formation plays.
• In contrast to the basin’s mature oil status, the South Sumatra
Basin is under-explored for gas, and contains good remaining
gas potential in both new and existing successful plays. A
further 6 to 10 TCF gas could be discovered in the basement,
Talang Akar, and Batu Raja.

Awang H. Satyana (2005)

South Sumatra Basin

Pertamina and Beicip (1985)

 Yulihanto and Sosrowidjoyo (1996)

Generalized structural pattern of South Sumatra Basin

South Sumatra
structural
framework

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

South Sumatra
surface structures

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

Ginger and Fielding (2005)
Pertamina and Beicip (1985)
 Stratigraphy of
Palembang and
Musi areas, South
Sumatra Basin

Hutapea (2002)
Chronostratigraphic scheme for the South Sumatra Basin
Ginger and Fielding (2005)
Exploration history of the South Sumatra Basin
Ginger and Fielding (2005)
Cummulative discovery curve for the South Sumatra Basin
split by reservoirs
Ginger and Fielding (2005)
Netherwood (2000)
Present day
maturity map on top
basement

Ginger and Fielding (2005)

Netherwood (2000)
Suban giant gas field : producing gas from
multiple reservoirs (igneous-metamorphic
rocks, siliciclastics and carbonates)
Pujasmadi et al. (2002)
 Depth structure
map of top Baturaja
Formation

Leached skeletal
packstone of
Stratigraphy of South Sumatra Basin Baturaja
carbonate

Kaji-Semoga field : big discovery

in an over 100 year explored-basin
Hutapea (2002)
 Tectonic setting
of Sumatra

OMBILIN

PASEMAH

Darman and Sidi (2000)

Stratigraphy of
Ombilin Basin,
West Sumatra

Noeradi et al. (2005)

 Kamal (2000)

Tectonic setting of Pasemah Block, South Suamtra

 Kamal (2000)

Subsurface stratigraphy of Pasemah Block, South Suamtra

 Fore-arc Basins
• Fore-arc basins have traditionally been considered poorly
prospective for hydrocarbons due to :
– source-rock facies were unlikely to develop in these essentialy
shallow, oxygenated, open-marine basins,
– Reservoir quality was assumed to be problem because nearby
volcananic arcs and melange complex have supplied a
predominance of poor-quality reservoirs,
– Geothermal gradients are relatively low.
• Six fore-arc basins of Western Indonesia have been drilled :
Banyumas, South Central Java, Southwest Java, Bengkulu,
Mentawai, Sibolga. The results, in some way, fuel optimism for the
existence of economic petroleum reserves in the Western Indonesia
fore-arcs.
Awang H. Satyana (2005)
Simplified map of
structural
elements and HC
occurrence in the
Sumatra forearc

Yulihanto et al. (1995)

 Bengkulu-Mentawai-Sibolga Basins (1)
• The Bengkulu basin is the mostwidely explored fore-arc basin in Indonesia.
All Bengkulu basin carbonate targets proved to be water-filled. Arwana-1
(Fina, 1992) encountered good oil shows and penetrated good marine
sources of Oligo-Miocene shales which are within the oil window with GG of
4.5-5°C/100 m (this is significantly higher than normal fore-arc setting). The
origin of the Bengkulu basin is not strictly fore-arc, may originally have been
in back-arc setting (Howles, 1986; Mulhadiono and Asikin, 1989; Hall et al.,
1993; Yulihanto et al., 1995).
• The Bengkulu basin has a proven petroleum system for oil generation. It
demonstrates a similar geology to the South Sumatra basin, with an
undrilled Paleogene rift system that could feasibly contain lacustrine source
rocks, and proven post-rift reservoir facies. Post-rift Miocene shales and
some coals are proven source facies.

Awang H. Satyana (2005)

Bengkulu-Mentawai-Sibolga Basins (2)
• Fieldwork in the Mentawai Islands shows that the marine Oligocene
graben fill in the Mentawai basin has source potential. Basin
modelling suggests that these sediments may have entered oil
window as early as the middle Miocene. Early Miocene buildups are
considereda potential reservoir target. Some wells contain biogenic
methane shows (Yulihanto and Wiyanto, 1999).
• Suma-1, Singkel-1 (Union Oil), and Ibu Suma-1 (Caltex) wells of
Sibolga basin encountered sub-economic quantities of biogenic gas
(Dobson et al., 1998) middle Miocene carbonate build ups. The
traps have sealing problem. Interbedded sands may show better
biogenic gas prospects.

Awang H. Satyana (2005)

 Yulihanto et al (1995)

Tectonic setting of Bengkulu fore-arc basin

 Yulihanto et al (1995)

Stratigraphy of Bengkulu fore-arc basin

 Yulihanto (2000)

Stratigraphy of Mentawai fore-arc basin

 Yulihanto (2000)

Subsurface stratigraphy of Mentawai fore-arc basin

 Stratigraphy of
Nias, Sibolga
fore-arc basin

vide Murphy (2000)

Seismic section and interpretation of the middle Miocene Ibu
Suma buildup, Sibolga basin, north Sumatra fore-arc
Dobson et al. (1998)
 Fore-Arc Basins : Conclusions
• Fore-arc basins of Western Indonesia are poorly understood but their
hydrocarbon potential is considered to be moderate to high
(Netherwood, 2000).
• The Bengkulu basin experienced a history similar to that of the back-
arc basins : Paleogene rifting, Miocene structural modification,
inversion and raised heat flow in Pliocene-Pleistocene times. The
Bengkulu basin demonstrates mature source potential, sufficient heat
flow for oil generation, and convincing oils shows in wells.
• Presence of biogenic gas and low geothermal gradient in Sibolga
Basin are promising for future biogenic gas exploration. Interbedded
sands within early Miocene reefs will be better sealed than reefs.
• Numerous oil and gas seepages in Bayah and Banyumas areas
demonstrate the presence of active petroleum system. The presence
of excellent Eocene reservoirs is promising. The areas are worth for
further exploration.
Awang H. Satyana (2005)