Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Marie‐‐Therese Connolly
Marie
Director, Life Long Justice
Director, Life Long Justice
Senior Scholar, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
marie.connolly@wilsoncenter.org
Overview
z The Problem of Elder Abuse (EA)
h bl f ld b ( )
z Varying Approaches
z Research
z Policy
z Practice (including training)
z Advocacy
z How Change Happens (a case study)
What is it?
z Financial Exploitation
z Neglect
z Abuse
Ab se
z psychological
z physical
z sexual
Recent Prevalence Studies
Reveal Elder Abuse at Epidemic levels
z 7.6%
77.6% New
6% New Yorkers 60+ living at home are
6% New
victims of EA (Lifespan,
Lifespan, Lachs
Lachs, et al, 2011)
, et al, 2011)
z11%
11% people 60+ nationwide living at
people 60+ nationwide living at
home EA victims (Acierno et al. 2010)
et al 2010)
z Method
Method: random digit dialing; 4000+
: random digit dialing; 4000+
people age 60+; quick dementia screen
Elder Abuse: Under the Radar
For every one case of elder
abuse that comes to light . . .
1
23
another twenty
three do not.
S
Source: NYS
S Elder
ld AbAbuse Prevalence
l Study;
S d Weill
ill Cornell
C ll Medical
di l College,
C ll NYC
C Department for
f the
h Aging;
A i Lifespan;
if (2011)
zDon’t have a phone
zCan’t get to or answer the phone (IADL)
h h
zAre scared to answer because of abuser
Are scared to ans er beca se of ab ser
zAre in a facility; or
zHave dementia
47% of people with dementia victimized
(study did not include financial exploitation)
z In one small UCI pilot (129 dyads) 47% of participants
with dementia were abused or neglected by their family
caregivers (Wigglesworth,
caregivers (Wigglesworth, Mosqueda
Mosqueda, et al. JAGS 2010)
, et al. JAGS 2010)
z 42% psychological abuse
z 10% physical abuse
z 14% neglect
z Psychological abuse had worse mental health outcomes
than physical abuse in one study
than physical abuse in one study (Mouton, et al.; 2010)
p y y ((Mouton, et al.; 2010)
, ; )
Prevalence in LTC Facilities
(Need new data)
z Neglect: 50
N l t – 90% understaffed at levels that harm residents.
Neglect: 50 – % d t ff d t l l th t h id t
(Abt Assts, 2002)
z NHs
NH : 36% saw and 10% committed physical abuse; 81% saw and
NHs: 36% saw and 10% committed physical abuse; 81% saw and
6% d % itt d h i l b 8 % d
40% committed psychological abuse (
40% committed psychological abuse (Pillemer, 1989)
Pillemer, 1989)
z 16% cited for improper restraints; almost 25% for for actual harm
6% it d f i t i t l t % f f t l h
or jeopardy (
or jeopardy (Harrington, et al. 2010); &
Harrington, et al. 2010); & many sources cite misuse
many sources cite misuse
of
of psychotropics
psychotropics
p y p (e.g., HHS/OIG; GAO)
e.g.
g , HHS/OIG; GAO)
z Non
Non‐‐NH Residential Care Facilities (
NH Residential Care Facilities (RCFs
RCFs): widespread breakdown
): widespread breakdown
in quality oversight and significant concerns about abuse and
q y g g
neglect (Hawes, 2009)
neglect (Hawes, 2009)
Human Consequences
z 300% increase in premature mortality and
morbidity (Lachs
Lachs, et al, JAMA, 1998)
, et al, JAMA, 1998)
et al JAMA 1998)
z Suffering, fear, shame, despair
g, , , p
(undermines independence, wellbeing &
health)
z Ripples in lives of loved ones
pp
z Undermines autonomy & financial security
Economic burden = $Billions
z EA
EA Î admitted to NHs 4x rate (
Îvictims admitted to NHs rate (Lachs
Lachs, 2002)
, 2002)
Î 22% rise in hospitalizations (
z NH understaffing Î
NH
NH understaffing
d ffi Î 22% rise in hospitalizations (Abt
% i i h i li i (Abt
(Ab
Ab Ass’ts
A ’ 2002))
z Neglect Î fraudulent billing for worthless/nonexistent services
Neglect Î
Financial exploitation Î dual eligibility, depletes M/A, M/C,
z Financial exploitation Î
public housing programs, finances of families & individuals
(Gunther, 2011 & 2012)
Gunther
h , 2011 & 2012)
Financial exploitation Î cost to financial institutions; businesses
z Financial exploitation Î
z “Tips over” lives Î reliance on informal caregivers; ripple impact
“Tips over” lives Î
on their lives, health and financial wellbeing
Snapshots: Progress & Needs
zResearch
zPolicy
zPractice (and training)
zAdvocacy
Ad
Research –– progress
Research
z Prevalence
z Consequences
z Forensic markers (
Forensic markers (e.g.,
e.g., bruising studies)
bruising studies)
z National Institute of Justice (NIJ/DOJ) grant
program (2005 –– present; annual RFA)
program (2005
Research –– needs
Research
z Prevention and intervention ‐
Prevention and intervention ‐ WHAT WORKS; measuring success?
z Measuring the economic burden
z Forensic markers
z Integrating elder justice aims into existing research and programs
z Increased engagement by major public funders (
Increased engagement by major public funders (e.g.,
g g y j p (e.g., NIA, CDC,
g , NIA, CDC,
, ,
CMS, SAMHSA, HRSA, AHRQ, ASPE, OJP, etc.)
z Increased engagement by private funders (Dramatic impact of
g g yp ( p
those that have been involved)
POLICY –– progress
POLICY
z Enacted Elder Justice Act (part of Affordable Care Act, 2010)
z Elder Justice Coordinating Council (empanelled 10.11.12)
Elder Justice Coordinating Council (empanelled 10 11 12)
z Assistant Secretary Kathy Greenlee’s leadership
z Event at White House + prevention grants (June 14, 2012)
z Leadership at the state and local level in several venues
p
z National Center on Elder Abuse
z Elder Justice Roadmap Project
POLICY –– needs
POLICY
zR
Recognize EA as public health epidemic
i EA bli h l h id i
z Elder Justice Act mostly not implemented or funded
y p
z Older Americans Act & Violence Against Women Act
z State budgets being slashed; Medicaid squeezed
z Include EA as part of national conversation
z Incorporate EJ in existing programs, studies, training
z Form critical alliances at every level
Form critical alliances at every level ‐‐
‐‐ “Only connect.”
2011 GAO report: Expenditures by Federal Agencies to Address
ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPOLOITATION
Offi
Office on Vi l
Violence A i t
Against National Institute on Aging Centers for Disease Control
Women Elder Abuse Elder Abuse Elder Abuse
Budget: Budget: Budget:
$3.1M $1.1M $0.05M
(0.5%) (0.1%) (0.0008%)
Notes:
Expenditures from FY 2009, as reported by GAO, March 2, 2011; see http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-208.
1 Includes $650,000 from DOJ Elder Justice Initiative, housed in DOJ’s Civil Division, which also funded other efforts.
Advocacy ‐‐ progress
Advocacy
z Elder Justice Coalitions (State and national)
z Summits
z Some embrace of elder justice issues by aging
field
z Murmurs about an “elder justice movement”
z Journals, curricula, press, high level politicians
Journals curricula press high level politicians
more often mention the issue
Advocacy ‐‐ needs
Advocacy
z Policy and legislative analysis, strategy and
leadership
z Analysis of potential impact litigation
z Coherent communications strategy
z Brooke Astor/Mickey Rooney parables
z More strategic thinking (
More strategic thinking (“skating to where the
skating to where the
puck is going to be …,” Wayne Gretzky)
Practice –– progress
Practice
z Elder Abuse (Forensic) Centers
z Elder Fatality Review Teams
z MDTs of all sorts around the country
of all sorts aro nd the co ntr
z Interest among some State Units on
Aging
z Some training and curricula
Practice –– needs
Practice
z Funding, competencies, standards (APS, Ombudsman, law
g, p , ( , ,
enforcement, health care professionals, financial professionals)
z Training & workforce across the board (
Training & workforce across the board (CNAs
CNAs, nurses, geriatricians,
, nurses, geriatricians,
informal caregivers)
i f l i )
z MDTs
z Forensic Centers; forensic experts (
Forensic Centers; forensic experts (e.g.
e.g., child abuse pediatricians)
, child abuse pediatricians)
z Centers of Excellence
z Legal services, prosecutors, law enforcement, legislators
z Guardianship, POA, proxy decision
Guardianship, POA, proxy decision‐
p, ,p y ‐making
g
z Financial services
HOW CHANGE HAPPENS…
z A case example …
p
Case study: EA forensic center
z GAO report & Sen.Grassley
GAO report & Sen Grassley’ss hearings lead to HHS
& DOJ Nursing Home & Elder Justice Initiative
z Medical Forensic Roundtables at DOJ
z Discussed formation and funding of elder abuse
forensic centers; visited two models
z Included forensic centers and forensics in Elder
Justice Act
Case study: Part II
(the idea moves east)
z Orange Co. EA Forensic Center model replicated in
3 additional Archstone funded locations SF, SD
3 additional Archstone‐funded locations ‐
and LA; also develop replication guide
z Kate Wilber, USC, evaluation; outcomes
lb l
z UCI launches first Center of Excellence on Elder
Abuse (Archstone
Abuse (Archstone‐‐funded) (research translation)
z Case # 1000 & Laura M about to revamp the model
Elder Justice presents a huge array of
funding opportunities
z Research, policy, practice, education, and advocacy
Research policy practice education and advocacy
z Across myriad potential disciplines, including:
z PUBLIC HEALTH
z CAREGIVING
z SERVICES
z LAW
z FINANCIAL CAPACITY
z VICTIM ASSISTANCE
z MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES OF ALL STRIPES
z Most projects are
Most projects are scalable
scalable, small to large amounts; and
, small to large amounts; and
local, state, regional, national, or international in scope
Grantmakers’ role critical
Grantmakers’ role critical
in addressing elder abuse
z Public health epidemic that undermines healthy aging
z Complex multifaceted problem, but one we can address
C l ltif t d bl b t dd
z Huge array of opportunities to contribute, guide and
innovate
z Elder justice field will learn much from your experience
z Modest
Modest grantmaking
grantmaking to date has had significant impact,
touching the lives of millions
touching the lives of millions of people
of people
Thank you