Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Key Points
OBESITY
• Obesity is the most common nutritional problem, affecting almost one third of the
population.
• Approximately 13% of Americans have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2.
• Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable disease in the United States, after
smoking.
• The cause of obesity involves significant genetic/biologic susceptibility factors that are
highly influenced by environmental and psychosocial factors.
• Individuals with fat located primarily in the abdominal area (apple-shaped body) are at a
greater risk for obesity-related complications than those whose fat is primarily located in
the upper legs (pear-shaped body).
• When patients who are obese have surgery, they are likely to suffer from other
comorbidities, including diabetes, altered cardiorespiratory function, abnormal metabolic
function, hemostasis, and atherosclerosis that place them at risk for complications related
to surgery.
• Measurements used with the obese person may include skinfold thickness, height, weight,
and BMI.
• The overall goals for the obese patient include the following:
o Modifying eating patterns
o Participating in a regular physical activity program
o Achieving weight loss to a specified level
o Maintaining weight loss at a specified level
o Minimizing or preventing health problems related to obesity
• Restricted food intake is a cornerstone for any weight loss or maintenance program.
• Exercise is an important part of a weight control program. Exercise should be done daily,
preferably 30 minutes to an hour a day.
• Drugs approved for weight loss can be classified into two categories, including those that
decrease the following:
o Food intake by reducing appetite or increasing satiety (sense of feeling full after
eating)
o Nutrient absorption
• Bariatric surgery is currently the only treatment that has been found to have a successful
and lasting impact for sustained weight loss for severely obese individuals.
o Wound infection is one of the most common complications after surgery.
o Early ambulation following surgery is important for the obese patient.
o Late complications following bariatric surgery include anemia, vitamin
deficiencies, diarrhea, and psychiatric problems.
• Obesity in older adults can exacerbate age-related declines in physical function and lead
to frailty and disability.
METABOLIC SYNDROME
• Lifestyle therapies are the first-line interventions to reduce the risk factors for metabolic
syndrome.