WEEK 4

CHAPTER 1C: STRESS TRANSFORMATION

CREDIT TO:
PN. AIMI MUNIRAH BINTI JALILLIDDIN
PN.ATIQAH NAJWA BINTI ZAINUDDIN
Txy
 Sign Convention
𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑦
τ𝑥𝑦 τ𝑥𝑦
Y-plane

𝜎𝑥
+ 𝜎𝑥𝜎𝑥 - 𝜎𝑥
X-plane X-plane

τ𝑥𝑦 τ𝑥𝑦 Y-plane

𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑦
 Sign Convention

• Positive normal stresses, x and y, acts

outward from all faces and vice versa.
• Positive shear stress xy acts
in clockwise rotation and vice versa. y’

• The orientation of the inclined plane is

determined using the angle .
• Angle  is positive if it moves clockwise X
from the +x axis to the +x’ axis. +ϴ
X’
Example
 Solution y

y’
Transformation of y to y’ (plane a-a)
x’
 Solution y

y’
Transformation of y to y’ (plane a-a)
x’
   1 / 2(x  y)  1 / 2(x  y) cos 2  xy sin 2
  1 / 2(x  y ) sin 2  xy cos 2
Location of the planes are:
2τ𝑥𝑦
tan 2𝜃 =
(𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 )
In-plane principal stresses
• The Equation gives the maximum/minimum in-plane normal
stress acting at a point, where σ1 ≥σ 2 .
• The values obtained are the principal in-plane stresses, and the
related planes are the principal planes of stress

 x  y   x •  y
2
  OR
 P1, 2         xy 2 9 - 5
 2   2 
1 1
𝜎𝑃1,2 = 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 ± (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 )2 +4τ𝑥𝑦 2
2 2
Location of in-plane principal stresses:

 xy
tan 2 P  9 - 4
( x   y ) / 2

OR
Maximum in-plane shear stress:
 Using either one of the roots s1 and s2, and taking trigo values of sin 2s and cos
2 s
and substitute into Eqn 9-2:

 ( x   y ) 
2
 max      xy 2
9 - 7 
in - plane  2 

OR
Location of Maximum in-plane shear stress:
 ( x   y ) / 2
tan 2 S  9 - 6
 xy
OR
 EXAMPLE 1
A plane element is subjected to a set of stresses as shown
below.
a)Determine the principalstresses and their locations.
b)Determine the max shearing stresses and the directions of the planes on which they
occur.
c) Determine the normal and shear stresses on a plane making an angle 45º measured from
the x-plane
 Graphical Method a.k.a
 Mohr´s Stress Circle
 Guidelines:
1. Coordinate points:
X= 𝜎𝑥 , τ𝑥𝑦 , 𝑌 = 𝜎𝑦 , −τ𝑥𝑦
2. Scale in X and Y axis must be the same.
3. Plot the coordinate point X and Y.
4. Draw the straight line between point X and Y.
5. X-plane denotes as OX, Y-plane denotes as OY.
6. Direction for principal stresses (𝜎𝑝 ): From x-plane to nearest x-axis and
represent by angle 2ϴ.
7. Direction for shear stress (τ𝑥𝑦 ): From the x-plane to nearest vertical line.
 EXAMPLE 1
Solve by using the graphical/Mohr’s circle method:

A plane element is subjected to a set of stresses as shown below.

a)Determine the principal stresses and their locations.
b)Determine the max shearing stresses and the directions of the planes on which they
occur.
c) Determine the normal and shear stresses on a plane making an angle 45º measured
from the x-plane
END OF WEEK 4