Design of Combined Footing (CF) :

1. Design Data :
Characteric Strength of concrete (f ck) = 20 N/mm2
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415 N/mm2
Unitt weight of concerte = 25 kN/m3
Unitt weight of back fill soil = 18 kN/m3
Depth of footing below ground level = 2 m

a. For Column CA
Service load (P) = 623.437 kN
Srevice Moment about x-axis (Mx) = 120.618 kN-m
Service Moment about y-axis (My) = 113.917 kN-m
Width (B) = 0.450 m
Depth (D) = 0.900 m

b. For Column CB
Service load (P) = 1578.162 kN
Srevice Moment about x-axis (Mx) = 11.958 kN-m
Service Moment about y-axis (My) = 16.310 kN-m
Width (B) = 0.900 m
Depth (D) = 0.450 m

623.437 1578.162

CA CB

0.450 0.900

0.750 3.295 1.495

Section

158.189 172.736

0.750 3.295 1.495

D A
2.421 0.401 1.275
Mx 1.750
C.G. of Base
3.500 X

C.G. of Loads CB
CA 1.750
My
C
B
2.770 2.770
5.540

Plan
2. Calculation Size of Footing

a. Calculation of C.G. of Loads

C.G. of loads from centre of 'CA' = 1578.162 x 3.295 113.917 + 16.310
2201.599

x = 2.421 m
Half the Spacing b/w columns = 1.648 m <= 2.421
Provide Rectangular Combined footing

b. Calculation ofSelf weight of footing & Back fill soil pressure

Base Area = 5.540 x 3.500

= 19.390 m2

M.I.about x-axis (Ixx) = 5.540 x 3.500 ^3

12

= 19.794 m4

M.I.about y-axis (Iyy) = 3.500 x 5.540 ^3

12

= 49.595 m4

3. Calculation of Stresses on Base

Stress = P + Mx + My + Footing & backfill soil

* y * x
A - Ixx - Iyy

At Point "A" = 2201.599 132.576 x 1.750 130.227 x 2.770 + 40.200

19.390 + 19.794 + 49.595

= 172.736 kN/m2 <= 200 kN/m2

At Point "B" = 2201.599 132.576 x 1.750 130.227 x 2.770 + 40.200

19.390 - 19.794 + 49.595

= 149.294 kN/m2 >= 0 kN/m2

At Point "C" = 2201.599 132.576 x 1.750 130.227 x 2.770 + 40.200

- -
19.390 19.794 49.595

= 134.747 kN/m2 >= 0 kN/m2

At Point "D" = 2201.599 132.576 x 1.750 130.227 x 2.770 + 40.200

19.390 + 19.794 - 49.595

= 158.189 kN/m2 <= 200 kN/m2

4. Analysis and Design :

1.275
Provided area of footing = 5.540 x 3.500 0.750 2.421 1.495
= 19.390 m2
Factored load on Column "A" = 935.156 kN
Factored load on Column "B" = 2367.243 kN 0.300 1.75

3.50 0.90

0.525 1.75
1.045

Average upward soil pressure = 165.462 kN/m2 5.941

Downward pressure due to
Self weight of footing
Downward pressure due to
Soil filling
Plan
= 15.000 kN/m2
= 25.200 kN/m2

Net upward pressure = 125.262 kN/m2 935.156 2367.243

Fatored net upward pressure = 1.5 x 125.262

= 187.893 kN/m2
Pressure metre length = 187.893 x 3.500
= 657.627 kN/m

657.627
Net Upward pressure diagram

1384.035
493.220
i. Calcualtion of Shear forces : 0.672
S.F. at just left of 'A' = 493.220 kN A B
S.F. at just right of 'A' = -441.935 kN
S.F. at just right of 'B' = -983.208 kN 441.935
S.F. at just left of 'B' = 1384.035 kN
983.208

Distance of zero S.F. from left end S.F.D.

Distance S.F.
1.4220 0.00
36.464
Distace from Centre of 'A' = 0.672 m

ii. Calcualtion of Bending moments :

Sagging B.M. at 'A' = 184.958 kN-m 184.958
Sagging B.M. at 'B' = 734.989 kN-m 734.989
Sagging B.M. at outer face of B.M.D.
90.629 kN-m
column 'A' is =

Sagging B.M. at outer face of

359.131 kN-m
column 'B' is =

Min. Sagging B.M. occurs at

36.464 kN-m
Point of zero S.F. =

iii. Check for Effective depth :

Required Effective depth (d) = 359.131 x 10 ^6

0.138 x 20.0 x 3500.0

= 192.814 mm
Provided overall depth (D) = 600 mm (From Shear Consideration)

Provided Effective depth (d) = 600 - 50.00 - 8.00

= 542.00 mm
Hence OK
iv. Check for safe bearing pressure
Column loads + Footing = 2201.599 + 15.000 + 25.200
weight + backfill soil 19.390

= 153.741 kN/m2 <= 200

Hence OK

v. Check for Punching Shear :

a. Under Column 'A'

Note: Cosider critical section is at 'd/2 ' from face of column for punching shear .
d/2 = 271.00 mm

271.00

900 271.00

450

Plan

450

600
45
992.00

Section

Width ( bo ) = 900 + 542.00

= 1442.00 mm

Length ( Lo ) = 450 + 542.00

= 992.00 mm

Punching S.F. under column = 935.156 - 187.89 x 1.442 x 0.992

= 666.381 kN

Nominal Shear stress = 666.381 x 10.0 ^3

2 x ( 992.00 + 1442.00) x 542.000

= 0.253 N/mm2

Permissible Shear stress = 0.25 * fck

= 1.118 N/mm2
Hence OK

b. Under Column 'B'

Note: Cosider critical section is at 'd/2 ' from face of column for punching shear .
d/2 = 271.00 mm

271.00

450
271.00

900
 Plan

900

600
45
1171.00

Section

Width ( bo ) = 450 + 542.00

= 992.00 mm

Length ( Lo ) = 900 + 542.00

= 1442.00 mm

Punching S.F. under column = 2367.243 - 187.89 x 0.992 x 1.442

= 2098.468 kN

Nominal Shear stress = 2098.468 x 10.0 ^3

2x ( 992.00 + 1442.00) x 542.0

= 0.795 N/mm2

Permissible Shear stress = 0.25 * fck

= 1.118 N/mm2
Hence OK

vi. Calculation of Longitudinal Reinforcement :

i. For Hogging B.M. :
Max. B.M.(Mu) = 36.464 kN-m

Mu = 36.464 x 10.0 ^6
b * d2 3500.00 x 542.00 ^2

= 0.035

pt = 20.0 1 - 1 - 4.598 x 0.035

100 2 x 415.00 20.0

= 0.000098

pt = 0.0098

Required Area of steel (Ast) = 0.0098 x 3500.00 x 542.00

100

= 186.729 mm2

Provide 10 mm dia. bars with

Area of each bar = 78.540 mm2
Spacing = 421 mm 1138.2
Provide 10 mm dia. @ 200 mm c/c. 0.09928
Proivided Area of steel = 392.70 mm2 99.2796

ii. For Sagging B.M. :

Max. B.M.(Mu) = 359.131 kN-m
Mu = 359.131 x 10.0 ^6
b * d2 3500.00 x 542.00 ^2

= 0.349
 pt = 20.0 1 - 1 - 4.598 x 0.349
100 2 x 415.00 20.0

= 0.000988

pt = 0.0988

Required Area of steel (Ast) = 0.0988 x 3500.00 x 542.00

100

= 1873.733 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars with

Area of each bar = 201.062 mm2
Spacing = 107 mm
Provide 16 mm dia. @ 100 mm c/c.
Proivided Area of steel = 2010.62 mm2

vii. Check for One way Shear :

a. Under Column 'B'
Note: Cosider critical section is at 'd ' from face of column.
d = 542.00 mm

542.00

542 450

Plan

900

600 45
1984.00

S.F. @ 'd' from face of support = 657.627 x 0.503

= 330.842 kN

Nominal Shear stress = 330.842 x 10.0 ^3

3500.0 x 542.0

= 0.174 N/mm2

Percentage of steel = 0.106 %

Pt τc
</= 0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22

For , Pt = 0.106 , τc = 0.180 N/mm2

Hence OK
viii. Design of Transverse Reinforcement :

a. Under Column ' A '

The footing will bend transversely near each column face.
Projection beyond the column face = 1.300 m
Width 'B1' of bending strip = b + 2 * d
B1 = 450.00 + 2 x 542.0
= 1534.00 mm

1300.00 900

600

134.747
158.189

3.50

Section

b + 2 *d

1534.00

Plan

Average upward soil Pressure = 146.468 kN/m2

Downward pressure due to = 15.000 kN/m2
Self weight of footing

Net upward pressure = 131.468 kN/m2

Net upward pressure per metre = 131.468 x 1.534
= 201.67 kN/m

Max. B.M. at face of the column = 201.67 x 1.300 ^2

2

= 170.412 kN-m
i. Check for Effective depth :

Required Eff. Depth (d) = 170.412 x 10 ^6

0.138 x 20.0 x 1534.0

= 200.624 mm
Provided overall depth (D) = 600 mm

Provided Eff. depth (d) = 600 - 50.00 - 6.00

= 544.00 mm
Hence OK

ii. Calculation of Reinforcement :

Mu = 170.412 x 10.0 ^6
b * d2 1534.00 x 544.00 ^2

= 0.375

pt = 20.0 1 - 1 - 4.598 x 0.375

100 2 x 415.00 20.0
 = 0.001063

pt = 0.1063
Required Area of steel (Ast) = 0.1063 x 1534.00 x 544.00
100

= 887.261 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia. bars with

Area of each bar = 113.097 mm2
Spacing = 127.468 mm
Provide 12.0 mm dia. at 120 mm c/c.
Provided Area of steel = 942.48 mm2

b. Under Column ' B '

The footing will bend transversely near each column face.
Projection beyond the column face = 1.525 m
Width 'B1' of bending strip = b + 2 * d
B1 = 900.0 + 2 x 544.0
= 1988.00 mm

1525.0 450

600

149.294
172.736

3.50

Section

b + 2 *d

1988.00

Plan

Average upward soil Pressure = 161.015 kN/m2

Downward pressure due to = 15.000 kN/m2
Self weight of footing

Net upward pressure = 146.015 kN/m2

Net upward pressure per metre = 146.015 x 1.988

= 290.28 kN/m2

Max. B.M. at face of the column = 290.28 x 1.525 ^2

2

= 337.538 kN-m
i. Check for Effective depth :

Required Eff. depth = 337.538 x 10 ^6

0.138 x 20.0 x 1988.000

= 248.027 mm

Provided overall depth = 600 mm

 Provided Eff. depth = 600 - 50.00 - 8.00
= 542.00 mm

Hence OK

ii. Calculation of Reinforcement :

Mu = 337.538 x 10.0 ^6
b * d2 1988.00 x 542.00 ^2

= 0.578

pt = 20.0 1 - 1 - 4.598 x 0.578

100 2 x 415.00 20.0

= 0.001658

pt = 0.1658
Required Area of steel (Ast) = 0.1658 x 1988.00 x 542.00
100

= 1786.441 mm2

Provide 16 mm dia. bars with

Area of each bar = 201.062 mm2
Spacing = 112.549 mm
Provide 16.0 mm dia. at 100 mm c/c.
Provided Area of steel = 2010.62 mm2

ix. Check for Bearing Pressure :

a. For Column "A"

935.156

525.0 450.0

262.5
600 2:1

Section :

900

450.0

Plan :
i. At Footing face :
Actual Bearing Pressure = 935.156 x 10.0 ^3
450.00 x 900.00

= 2.309 N/mm2

Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.45 * fck A1

A2
Area of Column (A2) = 450.0 x 900.00
= 405000 mm2
 Area of base (A1) = 1500.0 x 1950.00
= 2925000 mm2

A1 = 7.222 2
A2

Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.450 x 20.00 x 2.00

= 18.000 N/mm2
Hence OK

ii. At Column face :

Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.450 x 20.00
= 9.00 N/mm2

However, the bearing stress at column face governs.

Force transferred through column = 9.000 x 450.00 x 900.00
= 3645000.00 N
= 3645.00 kN > = 935.156 kN
Hence OK

b. For Column "B"

2367.243

900.0
1045.08
522.54
600 2:1

Section :

450

i. At Footing face : Plan :

Actual Bearing Pressure = 2367.243 x 10.0 ^3

900.00 x 450.00

= 5.845 N/mm2

Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.45 * fck A1

A2

Area of Column (A2) = 900.0 x 450.00

= 405000 mm2

Area of base (A1) = 2990.2 x 2540.17

= 7595536.45 mm2

A1 = 18.754 2
A2

Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.450 x 20.00 x 2.00

= 18.000 N/mm2
Hence OK
ii. At Column face :
Permissible Bearing Pressure = 0.450 x 20.00
= 9.00 N/mm2

However, the bearing stress at column face governs.

Force transferred through column = 9.000 x 450.00 x 900.00
= 3645000.00 N
= 3645.00 kN > = 2367.243 kN
Hence OK