Lab 01 - Structured

Cabling

Prof. Jose Yauri

Departament of Mathematics and Physics
National University of San Cristobal of Huamanga

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Outline

 Motivation of networking
 A data communication model
 Physical transmission media
 Ethernet Networking based on UTP
cable
 Hands on work

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Why do we build computer networks?

 Implementation of a centralized database and application

softwares
 E-mail and schedule for staff
 Staff access to company records, reports, plans, graphics and
images
 Sharing services as word processing, publishing, and
spreadsheets
 Printer sharing
 File transfer
 Internet access (graphical, text, news)
 Automate software updates, etc. 3
Oral Communication Example

Hi

Hi
What are
you doing?
Nothing
Lets go
time shopping
What
Time?

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A Simplified Data Communication
Model

Stallings2013
A Simplified Data Communication
Model

Stallings2013
Networking

 Point to point communication not usually

practical
 Devices are too far apart
 Large set of devices would need impractical number of
connections
 Solution is a communications network

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Simplified Network Model

Stallings2013
Extended Network Model
mobile network

global ISP

home
network
regional ISP

institutional 9

network
Home Network Model
Enterprise Network Model

 Commonly used in companies, universities, etc.

 10 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps transmission rates
 Today, end systems typically connect into a switch
Physical Transmission Media

 bit: propagates between transmitter/receiver

pairs
 physical link: what lies between transmitter and
receiver
 guided media:
 signals propagate in solid media: copper
twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber.
 unguided media:
 signals propagate freely, e.g., radio

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Physical Transmission Media
Coaxial Cable
 two concentric copper conductors
 bidirectional
 broadband:
 multiple channels on cable

 10Base2: 10Mbps, baseband technology, almost 200 meters

 10Base5: 10Mbps, baseband technology, almost 500 meters 13
Physical Transmission Media

twisted pair (TP)

 two insulated copper wires
 Category 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gpbs Ethernet
 Category 6: 10Gbps

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Physical Transmission Media
Fiber Optic Cable:
 Glass fiber carrying light pulses, each pulse a bit
 High-speed operation:
 high-speed point-to-point transmission (e.g., 1’s-10’s-100’s
Gpbs transmission rate)
 Low error rate:
 repeaters spaced far apart (2 km, 20 km)
 immune to electromagnetic noise

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Physical Transmission Media
Radio:
 The signal is carried in electromagnetic spectrum
 No physical “wire”
 Propagation environment effects:
 reflection
 obstruction by objects
 interference

Radio link types:

Terrestrial microwave Wide-area (e.g., cellular)
up to 45 Mbps channels 3G: ~ few Mbps
LAN (e.g., WiFi) Satellite
11Mbps, 54 Mbps Up to 45Mbps channels
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270 msec end-end delay
The Network Core Technology

 Ethernet
 Ethernet is the technology that is most used in wired
local area networks (LANs).
 A LAN is a network of computers and other electronic
devices that covers a small area, such as a room,
office, or building.
 Ethernet is a network protocol that controls how data is
transmitted over a LAN. Technically it is referred to as
the IEEE 802.3 protocol.

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What Do You Need for a Ethernet
LAN?
 Computers and devices to connect (printers,
sensors)
 Network Interface Cards (NIC) in the devices
(ports RJ45, USB)
 A switch, router, or gateway to connect your
devices.
 Cables, usually UTP cable.
 Software to manage the network, operating
system and third-party softwares.

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How Does Ethernet Work?

 When a host on the network wants to send data

to another, it senses the carrier, which is the
main wire connecting all the devices. If it is free
meaning no one is sending anything, it sends the
DATA FRAME on the network, and all other
devices check the packet to see whether they
are the recipient(broadcasting).
 The receiver consumes the packet. If there is
already a packet on the highway, the device –
that wants to send again- holds back for some
thousandths of a second to try until it can send.

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Ethernet Framing
 A data frame has
variable length, 64 to
1518 Bytes

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Ethernet Cabling Connection

 The standard of Ethernet defines that each pin has a particular function.
 The host’s NIC transmits on pin 1-2, and receives on pin 3-6
 The threads have to be connected in the same pins in both connectors.

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Ethernet Cabling
Straight-Through Cable
• Host to Switch or hub
• Router to Switch or hub

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Ethernet Cabling
Cross-over Cable
• Switch to Switch
• Hub to Hub
• Host to Host

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Ethernet Cabling
Rolled Cable
• Serial Port / Connect a host
to a router

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Ethernet Cabling

 Wiring : 802.3 UTP Standard

 100 meters maximum UTP distance switch to host
or switch to switch/router.
 200 meters maximum distance between hosts.

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 Hands on Work

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Source: http://www.accessdc.net/menh/03/article1.html
Hands on Work: UTP Cabling

 Supplies:
 UTP Cable Cat5
 RJ 45 Connectors
 Tools:
 Crimping
 Cutter
 Cable Tester

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Hands on Work: UTP Cabling

 Procedure:
 Part 1:
 Divide the UTP cable into three segments, each
about 1 meter.
 Build the three types of wiring:
 Straight-through
 Cross-over
 Rolled
 Use the tester to check the connectivity of each
one.
 Part 2:
 Work with your partner to establish a peer-to-peer
network between your computers. Test the
connectivity by transferring some files between
them. 28
Further Reading

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