Portuguese Republic

Rep�blica Portuguesa (Portuguese)

Flag of Portugal
Flag
Coat of arms of Portugal
Coat of arms
Anthem: "A Portuguesa"
Location of Portugal (dark green)� in Europe (green & dark grey)� in the
European Union (green)
Location of Portugal (dark green)
� in Europe (green & dark grey)
� in the European Union (green)

Capital
and largest city Lisbon
38�46'N 9�9'W
Official languages Portuguese
Recognised regional languages Mirandese[a]
Ethnic groups (2011)
96.3% Portuguese
3.7% others
Religion (2011)
81.0% Roman Catholic
3.3% other Christians
0.6% other religion
6.8% no religion
8.3% undeclared
Demonym Portuguese
Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic[1]
� President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
� Assembly President
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
� Prime Minister
Antonio Costa
Legislature Assembly of the Republic
Formation
� Foundation
868
� Re-founding
1095
� Sovereignty
24 June 1128
� Kingdom
26 July 1139
� Recognition
5 October 1143
� Papal recognition
23 May 1179
� Restoration
1 December 1640
� Republic
5 October 1910
� Democratization
25 April 1974
� Present Constitution
25 April 1976[b]
� EEC accession
1 January 1986
Area
� Total
92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi)[2] (109th)
� Water (%)
0.5
Population
� 2016 estimate
10,379,573[3] (83rd)
� 2011 census
10,562,178[4]
� Density
115/km2 (297.8/sq mi) (97th)
GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate
� Total
$328.252 billion[5]
� Per capita
$31,965[5]
GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate
� Total
$248.891 billion[5]
� Per capita
$24,237[5]
Gini (2016) Positive decrease 33.5[6]
medium
HDI (2015) Increase 0.843[7]
very high � 41st
Currency Euro[c] (�) (EUR)
Time zone WET (UTC)
AZOT (UTC-1)
� Summer (DST)
WEST (UTC+1)
AZOST (UTC)
Note: Mainland Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST, the Azores use AZOT/AZOST
Date format dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Drives on the right
Calling code +351
ISO 3166 code PT
Internet TLD .pt
^ Mirandese, spoken in some villages of the municipality of Miranda do Douro, was
officially recognized in 1999 (Lei n.� 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro),[8] awarding it an
official right-of-use.[9] Portuguese Sign Language is also recognized.
^ Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 with several subsequent minor revisions,
between 1982 and 2005.
^ Before 2002, the escudo.
Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [pu?tu'?a?]), officially the Portuguese
Republic (Portuguese: Rep�blica Portuguesa [??'pu�lik? pu?tu'?ez?]),[note 1] is a
sovereign state located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It
is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, bordered to the west and south by
the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes
the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with
their own regional governments.

Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in
Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over
since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were
followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples. Portugal as
a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who
had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since
its foundation as a county in 868,[10] only after the Battle of S�o Mamede in 1128,
where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother,
Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso
Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of
Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by
neighbouring kingdoms in 1143.[11]